• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2001

To seek for restoration method of Abies koreana forest with planting seedlings, Abies koreana seedlings(2, 3 and 5 year old) were planted by date(spring and summer) and surface treatment (coir-mat, coir-net and control) at Janggumok area in Hallasan. Survival rate and shoot growth of the seedlings were measured and compared by planting date, seedling age and surface treatments. For summer planting, survival rates of the seedlings are increased with increasing seedling ages, and those are not differed between surface treatments. For spring planting, survival rates of the seedlings are increased with decreasing seedling ages, and those are not differed between surface treatments. For summer planting, shoot growth of the seedlings are significantly differed between surface treatments. Shoot growth of the seedlings was the highest value 2.11mm at coir-matted plot, and the lowest value 1.49mm at control B)lot. Shoot growth of the seedlings are not differed between the seedling ages, but the highest shoot growth was 2.26mm at coir-matted and 3-year old plot. For spring planting, survival rates and shoot growth of the seedlings are not differed between seedling ages and surface treatments.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 1990

To make clear the changes of the amount of reserve substances in the bark of stem and root of mulberry graftages after planting, studies were carried with mulberry graftages classified into three groups of 7.0-7.9mm, 9.0-9.9mm and 11.0-11.9mm in diameter of stems at 3cm above their base. The results obtained were as follow : 1. The dry weight of stem and root bark gradually decreased with growth of new shoots till about five weeks after planting, and from then it increased. 2. The duration of new shoots growth depending on the reserve substance was limited for 6-7 weeks after planting. In no fertilized group, the length of new shoots increased up to 6-7 weeks, form then decrease. 3. Dry leaf yield three weeks after planting was found to be no difference in the same diameter of saplings between with and without fertilization. 4. The content of chlorophyll in the leaves was higher in thicker group and in fertilized group than thinner and no fertilized one, respectively. 5. There was no difference in the amount of carbohydrates of the bark of stem and root among the stem diameters. There was a transient increase in the amount of total sugar in the bark of stem and root in the first three weeks after planting, followed by gradual decline up to five weeks. The amount of reducing sugar in the bark of stem and root increased both in fertilized and in no fertilized group up to three weeks after planting, and then it decreased. There was a gradual decline in the content of starch in the bark of stem and root both in fertilized and in no fertilized group up to five weeks after planting, followed by gradual increase.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.338-349
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate whether modular community planting, which entailed planting a variety of species of seedlings at high density, was more effective in restoring natural forests than the existing mature tree planting. We also investigated whether the planting density of the modular community planting facilitates growth or improves the tree layer coverage. We conducted outdoor experiments in which the samples were divided into a mature tree planting plot (control plot), where mature trees were planted at wide intervals, and a modular community planting (MCP) plot (treatment plot), where multiple seedlings were planted in high density. The MCP plot was further divided into the plot in which 3 seedlings were planted per m² and the plot of 1 seedling per m². We measured the specimens' survival rate, growth rate (tree height, crown width, and root collar diameter), and cover rate for 26 months from May 2019 and the predicted future tree height growth using the measured tree height. The survival rate and relative growth rate of the MCP were higher than those of the mature tree planting plot. The vertical coverage rate of the tree crown in the MCP exhibited complete coverage of the ground before 23 months, while the coverage rate of the mature tree planting decreased due to transplantation stress. The seedlings in the MCP, which were planted at high density, grew well and were predicted to grow higher than the mature trees in the large tree planting plot within 5 to 6.5 years after planting. It was due to multiple species, seedlings, high-density planting, and planting foundation improvements, such as soil enhancement and mulching. In other words, the seedlings planted in the MCP had a higher survival rate as their environmental adaptation after planting was better, and their early growth was also larger than the trees in the mature planting plot. The high-density mixed planting of various native species not only mitigated the inter-complementary environmental pressures but also facilitated growth by inducing competition between species. Moreover, the planting foundation improvement effectively increased the seedlings' viability and growth rate. A reduction in follow-up management costs is expected as the tree layer coverage sharply increases due to the higher planting density. In the MCP (3 seedlings per m² and 1 seedling per m²), the tree height growth was promoted with the higher planting density, and the crown width and root collar diameter tended to be larger with the lower planting density, but these differences were not statistically significant.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.28-28
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• 2019

본 연구는 멸종위기 아고산수종 구상나무 잔존집단 복원을 위해서 묘목처리 및 입지환경이 구상나무묘목 초기생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 연구대상지는 경상남도 금원산으로 해발 1,300 m 이상 능선부(1입지)와 구상나무 잔존집단(2입지)을 선정하였다. 식재한 구상나무 실생묘는 지리산 5개 개체에서 종자를 채취하여 2014년도 파종한 1~5묘 1,350본을 이용하였다. 2019년 5월 연구대상지의 조릿대를 제거 후 무처리, 분해포트, 균근균 접종 실생묘를 9개 구역으로 나누어 3반복씩 입지별 0.15 ha, 4,500 본/ha 밀도로 식재하였다. 식재 후 2019년 5월부터 8월까지 입지별 기상데이터를 수집하였고 묘목의 생존율, 수고, 1년지 생장량 및 근원경을 측정하였다. 환경분석 결과 1입지(88.2%, $42.8umole{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)가 2입지(84.5%, $29.4umole{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)에 비해 대기습도와 광량이 높게 나타났다. 구상나무 실생묘의 생존율은 모든 입지에서 100%로 나타났다. 입지별 생장특성 분석 결과 1입지가 수고 17.3 cm, 1년지 생장 4.72 cm 및 근원경 6.20 mm로 2입지(19.0 cm, 3.88 cm, 5.31 mm)에 비해 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 묘목 처리에 따른 분석 결과 무처리와 분해포트 묘목이 모든 입지에서 초기 생장이 양호하였고 균근균 접종 처리는 초기에는 비교적 낮은 생장특성이 나타났다. 결과적으로 대기습도와 광량이 높은 환경 조건이 구상나무 묘목의 초기 생장에 긍정적인 영향을 주었으며 묘목 처리에 따른 생장특성은 지속적인 모니터링이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korea Beekeeping Bulletin
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• s.331
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• pp.52-53
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• 2008

본 현황은 묘목비의 70%를 정부지원으로 조림된 식재 현황이다. 2008년에도 한국양봉협회에서는 산림청과 밀원수 식재 정책을 꾸준히 추진해 나갈 것이다.

• The Korea Beekeeping Bulletin
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• s.305
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• pp.41-41
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.3
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• pp.406-418
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate optimal storage techniques for bare root plants and container seedlings of Quercus variabilis and Zelkova serrata in order to maintain high quality of seedlings until planting. Refrigerated storage treatments were given at two temperatures (-2℃ [freezing] and 2℃ [cooling]) for nine different durations (0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 days after storage). We analyzed total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) content and measured shoot moisture content (SMC) during the storage stage and survival rate (SR) and dry weight during the planting stage of seedlings. The TNC content and SMC of the seedlings of the two species decreased with an increase in storage duration. The TNC content of seedlings rapidly decreased after 180~240 days of storage. The TNC reduction rate in the freezing treatment was lower than that in the cooling treatment. Also, with an increase in the storage duration of the two species, the SMC reduction rate in the cooling treatment increased in comparison with that in the freezing treatment. In both the species, the SR after planting decreased rapidly after 60 days of cooling storage and 180 days of freezing storage, respectively. The SR after planting was less than 60% when the TNC content for both the species dropped below 20 mg g^-1. In addition, the SR was lower than 80% when SMC measured before storage decreased by approximately 30% and 20% for Q. variabilis and Z. serrata, respectively. Our results suggest that cooling (1~2℃) storage is recommended for a short-term period (2 months or less), whereas freezing (-2~-4℃) storage is suitable for longer periods (2~6 months). These optimal storage techniques, allied with seedling harvesting and handling systems, will improve the quality of seedling production in nursery stages and increase seedling growth performances in plantations.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2012

Enrichment planting is commonly used for increasing the density of tree species in secondary forests and one of forest rehabilitation programs in Lao PDR. This study aimed to determine the performance of five native species in enrichment planting using different canopy opening treatments, and to examine the suitable species and silviculture techniques applicable to a logged-over forest in Lao PDR. Results of the study showed that only crown height had significant difference among species and planting treatments. The survival rate and crown diameter were significantly different by species, but not by planting treatments. However, root collar diameter (RCD) and height of seedlings showed significant differences among planting treatments. Among the study species, Hopea odorata and Dalbergia cochinchinensis showed significantly higher survival rate and height growth, indicating their suitability in enrichment planting for rehabilitation of forest in Lao PDR. The results also suggested that 2 m width line planting stimulated RCD growth, but wider line planting, such as gap planting, promoted height growth of seedlings.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 1988

This research was performed to estimate the degree of influence of relative light intensity and planting density on the weight growth in the trans-planting bed. The Piuns koraionsis seedlings treated for different degrees of shading on seed bed were planted in transplanting bed. 1. The seedling weight growth under 100% relative light intensity and $6{\times}6$ plot(36 individual) density showed the largest growth and the best growth was found during 26th of May 25 of June. 2. As the relative light intensity decrease and with planting density increased, the weight growth decreased. And the weight growth had a tendency to decrease after 26th of May-25th of June. 3. T/R ratio showed the highest value under 63% relative light intensity and $12{\times}12$ plot (224 individual) of planting density. The highest T/R ratio was found during 26th of July-25th August.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics and root development of Mandshurian Linden (Tilia mandshurica Rupr. et Max.) seedlings grown in plastic net container and plain plastic container. The seedlings were grown in the mixture of peatmoss perlite : vermiculite (1:1:1, v/v/v) for five months in the plastic greenhouse. The seedlings grown in plastic net container showed greater root collar diameter growth, better root development, and more increment of root dry mass than those grown in the plain plastic container. In particular, the seedlings grown in plastic net container had no spiraling roots which were always observed in the control . These results suggest that the net container is suitable for container culture of Tilia mandshurica seedlings by enhancing root development. Seedlings grown in the net container and transplanted to various environments showed vigorous rootage and growth.