• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.590-605
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• 2021

The history of printing technology in Korea is studied by investigating existing ancient documents and records and comparing accumulated data and knowledge. Cultural property research requires non-destructive testing and observation with the naked eye or aided by a microscope. Researchers' experience and knowledge are required even though they cannot guarantee the outcome. For ancient documents and records that are presumed to consist of woodblock printing, wood type printing, metal type printing, or their combinations, each researcher draws various opinions and conclusions. This often causes confusion and divides the opinions of ordinary citizens and field specialists. Among them, the criteria for judging ancient documents or books printed using woodblock and metal movable material are ambiguous. Academic research on the development history of printing technology in ancient Korea has been stagnant, and conflicts among researchers have also erupted. Involvement of national investigative agencies not specialized in cultural properties has exacerbated the situation. In this study, we investigated printing characteristics that are likely to serve as more objective judgment criteria by quantitatively analyzing the experiments of retrieving several sheets of Korean paper (Hanji) using a replicated Hunminjeongeum (訓民正音) woodblock and quantitatively analyzing the images of the printed papers. In addition, the validity and questions for the typical phenomena presented as a method for distinguishing between woodblock and metal print are reviewed. We investigated the possibility of developing new objective judgement criteria through quantitative analysis using image analysis and investigating the printing characteristics of Korean paper through a reproduction experiment of woodblock printing.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.96-108
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• 2022

To understand the process of publication and distribution of ancient Korean novels under the Joseon dynasty and Japanese occupation, collecting information on the publication of various printed materials and estimating their publication date through various methods is extremely important. In this study, the characteristics and differences that appeared in the woodblock printing process were investigated using image comparison among editions of the Honggildongjeon (Tale of Honggildong) of Wanpanbon (完板本) (published in the Jeonju region) with other commercial editions of the ancient Korean novels. Additionally, the publication year of each edition was estimated. Printed images of different versions were compared with those of a recently discovered original series version and the changes in the process of carving replacement woodblocks were investigated and summarized. Various phenomena, such as differences in fonts, borderline shapes and integrity of printed characters, appearing in woodblock prints provided useful information for determining chronological relationships between the prints and estimating the approximate publication year for each edition. The various characteristics of woodblock printing obtained through this study are expected to serve as a reference for estimating the relationship between the printing method and the approximate publication date of old books and paper-based printed historical records.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.289-301
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• 2021

When investigating old, printed documents, determining whether a work is printed on a woodblock or using a movable metal type is crucial. It is because the history of printing in Korea and across the world relies on determining the relevant printing invention used and the time of use of the movable metal type. Deciphering details from woodblock and metal prints requires various kinds of information regarding the imprint and the work's printing background, such as information on the characters in the printed document, the outline of the pages, the type of ink used, the production period of the ink, and the production period of the Korean paper. Analyzing such information can generally reveal the production period and the methods used on the old document. However, as such information is not documented systematically, relying on the researcher's judgment based on their experience and perception becomes inevitable. This study conducted an experimental investigation of the printing characteristics of woodblock prints using a replicated woodblock of the Wanpanbon edition of the Shimcheongjeon. Subsequently, the various phenomena and characteristics appearing on the woodblock prints were documented for future reference to determine the printing method of old documents. Finally, woodblock novels without an imprint may be used as a reference to estimate the printing dates by determining the degree of wear on the woodblock.

• 프린팅코리아
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• s.2
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• pp.173-175
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• 2002

우리나라는 금속활자뿐만 아니라 목판인쇄도 세계에서 가장 먼저 실현했다. 751년 이전에 만들어진 것으로 판명된 무구정광대다라니경이 이를 증명한다. 따라서 우리나라에서의 목활자는 신라시대 이전부터 사용되었을 것으로 추정된다. 이에 청주고인쇄박물관과 도서출판 '직지'의 자료협조를 받아 목활자는 어떤 과정을 거쳐 만들어 졌는지 살펴본다.

• Corrugated packaging logistics
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• v.5 no.24
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• pp.89-90
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• 1998

• 프린팅코리아
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• s.25
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• pp.46-49
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• 2004

대한인쇄문화협회의 인쇄문화역사관과 인쇄정보센터의 인쇄문화홍보관, 청주고인쇄박물관 등지에 각종 고 인쇄 목판본을 작업해 온 각자 장인 이창석(50)씨가 최근 강원도로부터 각자장인 무형문화재로 지정받았다.

• 프린팅코리아
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• s.17
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• pp.102-105
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• 2003

인류의 지성사에 있어서 인쇄술만큼 가치 있는 것은 드물다. 최근에는 정보화 시대를 맞이하여 '컴맹'이란 단어까지 등장하고 있지만, 근대 사회가 형성될 무렵만 해도 '문맹'의 상태에 놓여 있는 사람들이 절대 다수를 차지하였다. 인쇄술의 발명은 인쇄물의 대중화를 선도함으로써 문맹 퇴치와 근대 의식의 성장에 중요한 역할을 담당하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify wood species of two printing woodblocks either from the Park clan's documentary or Ji-dang documentary of Songok clan of the Milseong Park, Songok, Gyeongju, Korea. Eighty-eight woodblocks out of the total 282 woodblocks were randomly selected to compare anatomical features for the identification of wood species, using a light microscope. As a result, seven wood species were identified, and all of them were diffuse-porous hardwood species. The most significant portion, i.e., 39.8% of wood species was Carpinus laxiflora Blume. Then, Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai, Acer mono Maxim, Prunus sargentii Rehder, Tilia amurensis Rupr, Diospyros kaki Thunb, and Betula costata Trautv was 25.0%, 15.9%, 10.2%, 3.4%, 3.4% and 2.3%, respectively, indicating that all diffuse-porous hardwood species had been used for the woodblocks. It was believed that diffuse-porous hardwoods had been used because they provided an easy of engraving complex Chinese letters, of acquiring these wood species in Gyeongju areas, and a high resistance to repeated printing.

• 프린팅코리아
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• s.50
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• pp.169-171
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• 2006

• The Science & Technology
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• v.22 no.7 s.242
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• pp.58-60
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• 1989