• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify wood species of two printing woodblocks either from the Park clan's documentary or Ji-dang documentary of Songok clan of the Milseong Park, Songok, Gyeongju, Korea. Eighty-eight woodblocks out of the total 282 woodblocks were randomly selected to compare anatomical features for the identification of wood species, using a light microscope. As a result, seven wood species were identified, and all of them were diffuse-porous hardwood species. The most significant portion, i.e., 39.8% of wood species was Carpinus laxiflora Blume. Then, Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai, Acer mono Maxim, Prunus sargentii Rehder, Tilia amurensis Rupr, Diospyros kaki Thunb, and Betula costata Trautv was 25.0%, 15.9%, 10.2%, 3.4%, 3.4% and 2.3%, respectively, indicating that all diffuse-porous hardwood species had been used for the woodblocks. It was believed that diffuse-porous hardwoods had been used because they provided an easy of engraving complex Chinese letters, of acquiring these wood species in Gyeongju areas, and a high resistance to repeated printing.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.22-55
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• 1987

This study was executed to offer the basic data needed to plywood industry in Korea for the future based on microscopic wood features as our previous paper reported by the macroscopic features. Microscopic wood characteristics for 50 species selected by the viewpoint of possible utility in future were examined and described by the species. Also, keys for the identification based on microscopic features were briefly prepared and presented by gymnosperm and angiospenn respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.462-470
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• 2021

To find out the wood species used in national wood structures in the late Joseon Dynasty, 11 volumes of Yeonggeon-Uigwes were reviewed. It was confirmed that the wood was mainly used for the repair and restoration of palaces, shrines, and fortresses. In the 17th to 20th centuries, the wood species specified in Yeonggeon-Uigwes have revealed either hardwood or softwood. As hardwood species, Juglans mandshurica, Zelkova serrata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Betula schmidtii, Paulownia coreana, or Quercus spp. (Quercus aliena; Q, variabilis; Q, dentata; Q, acutissima; Q, mongolica; Q, serrata) were used. As softwood species, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis were used. Investigation of the wood species is important part because the same species is required as a principle when reparing cultural heritage. In this study, the anatomical images of the wood species were investigated for some samples which were taken from the same species that has been stored in the wood specimen room of the National Institute of Forest Science, instead of the actual wood material used. It was possible to find out the wood species of each member in the wooden cultural heritage buildings by reviewing the Yeonggeon-Uigwes in the late Joseon Dynasty, and the anatomical images of the wood species required for determining the wood species in the repair or restoration of the buildings.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1 s.129
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• pp.17-20
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• 2005

This research was carried out to examine the FIR (far-infrared rays) emissivity and emission power of five Korean wood species for proving wood as an amenity material. Wood turned out excellent as FIR material with 90~91% emissivity in the range of $5{\sim}20{\mu}m$ at $40^{\circ}C$. No difference was identified in the FIR emissivity and emission power between hardwood and softwood, diffuse porous wood and ring porous wood, and high-density wood and low-density wood respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-30
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• 1984

This study was executed to offer the basical data needed to the plywood industry as examining on the wood characteristics of veneer species that grow in Korea. According to the aggravation of log import from foreign countries caused by the gradual exhaustion of wood resources in recent years, the study on wood characteristics of veneer species growing in Korea should be carried out preferentially in promotion of the domestic timber utilization and development of it's processing technique for plywood industry. 50 commercial veneer species in this study were selected from 33 genuses, and general macroseopical wood characteristics for them were examined and described by the species. And also keys for the identification based on gross features were briefly prepared and presented by gymnosperm and angiosperm respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.57-64
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• 1996

제지공장에서 사용하는 습윤제는 물의 표면장력을 낮춤으로써 목재섬유가 물을 빨리 흡수하여 팽윤하도록 도와준다. 목재섬유가 물을 흡수하여 팽윤하는 과정을 밝히지 위한 연구가 많이 진행되어 왔지만 목재섬유와 물의 상호작용을 상세히 연속적으로 측정할 방법이 전에는 별로 없었다. 목재섬유가 팽윤할 때 발생하는 팽윤압력은 음향방사를 동반하기 때문에 이를 측정하여 팽윤과정을 알아내는 기술이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 이 방법을 이용하여 목재를 여러 농도의 습윤제에 담갔을 때 발생하는 음향방사와 중량증가를 측정하여 이 두 변량의 상관을 조사하고 이 방법이 목재의 습윤과정 연구에 유용하게 사용될 수 있는지를 조사하였다. 아까시나무와 라디에타 파인의 두 수종을 사용하였는데 두 수종의 흡수 형태는 매우 달랐다. 5분 동안 용액에 침지하였을 때 후자가 전자보다 10배 정도 더 많이 중량증가하였으며, 발생한 음향방사도 후자가 전자보다 훨씬 많았다. 아까시나무의 중량증가와 음향방사는 습윤제 농도에 거의 무관하였으나 라디에타 파인의 음향방사는 습윤제 농도의 증가에 따라 증가하였으며 라디에타 파인의 중량증가는 습윤제의 표면장력 변화와 일치하였다. 수종별 중량증가와 음향방사의 관계는 아까시나무가 음의 상관을 나타냈으나 라디에타 파인은 양의 상관을 나타내었다. 자비처리 시편은 무처리 시편보다 음향방사가 적었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.629-639
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• 2017

Tripitaka Koreana in Haein Temple, Hapcheon Province is the most historical and largest heritage in this country, however the species of their blocks have yet been unknown. A nondestructive test method is necessary to investigate their species. The oven-dry density of wood was measured by inversely using the principle of high frequency moisture meter. The oven-dry densities of more than 100 domestic species of specimens estimated by measurement method and high frequency moisture meter were compared and following conclusions were obtained. There was highly close correlation between the oven-dry density estimated by measurement method and the oven-dry density estimated by high frequency moisture meter. The densities of Tripitaka Koreana that was a global cultural heritage could be correctly estimated by using high frequency moisture meter and the equilibrium moisture content under which Tripitaka Koreana equilibrated, thus, it was expected to provide the key to species identification.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.184-185
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• 2013

건축물의 주요 구조재 및 마감재로 널리 사용되고 있는 목재는 수종에 따라 매우 다양한 물리적 성질을 가지며, 동일한 수종일지라도 성장한 기후 및 지역에 따라 목재 조직의 성분에 차이가 발생하기 때문에 연소특성에 대한 정립을 하기가 매우 어려운 건축 재료에 속한다. 또한 한 나무에 서서도 재료를 재제하는 방식이나 추출 위치에 따라 밀도 및 나이테의 방향이 달라지므로 그 물리적인 성질까지 변하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 목재 제재 방법을 달리하여 추출한 목제 시편의 연소시험을 통해 재제방법과 연소특성의 연관성을 관찰 및 분석을 수행하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.574-590
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• 2021

International efforts to prevent illegally logged wood are expanding around the world. The "Legal Wood Trade Promotion System" was enacted in Korea in 2019 to strengthen the legal import and distribution of commercial wood in Korea. Since then, this system has promoted and ensured that the imported wood and wood products are legal with respect to the country of origin, wood species, and harvested area. As verification methods, DNA analysis technology and anatomical analysis using a microscope are mainly used in conjunction. Therefore, in this study, wood species of plywood were identified by analyzing the anatomical characteristics of various wood products for the first time. Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco.) and larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere) plywoods (7, 9 ply) were obtained from four companies that supply plywood in Korea. After cutting each company's plywood to a size of about 1 cm³, the layers from top to bottom were separated into single layers, and three sections were observed using an optical microscope. The results revealed that the plywood was composed of a mixture of softwood and hardwood wood species, pine wood species, poplar wood species, or a mixture of larch and pine wood species. Identification of wood species using microscopy is important and can enable the scientific analysis and verification of various wood products, including plywood, imported from countries where the likelihood of indiscriminate distribution of illegal wood and illegal logging is high.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2016

This study was performed to understand wood durability to climate deterioration of planted Indonesian wood specie such as Albizia, Gmelina, Mangium and Mindi. Wood samples were exposed to indoor and outdoor condition. $L^*a^*b^*$ and Color changes (${\Delta}E*ab$) were determined by a spectrophotometer. As a result, color of all samples was changed more markedly by ultraviolet radiation. In indoor test with UV, brightness of wood specimens from four species was not changed and all samples were changed into more reddish and yellowish. In accelerated weathering test, all samples were bleached and changed into more greenish and blueish. In outdoor test, brightness of wood specimens decreased in Albizia and Gmelina and increased in Mangium and Mindi. All wood specimens in outdoor test were changed into more greenish and blueish. Albizia and Gmleina woods showed greater color change than those of Mangium and Mindi. Especially, color change of wood samples might be influenced greatly by moisture. In conclusion, wood color changed into more clearly by UV radiation. Therefore, exposing woods to UV radiation could be one of reasonable methods to improve wood quality on visual characteristic.