• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.549-556
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• 2011

We investigated the plant phenology on the threatened species for climate change in the summit area of Mt. Deogyusan which is a representative sub-alpine zone in Korea. We had performed the monitoring survey of plant phenology on 38 species including 20 trees and 18 herbs from May 2009 to November 2010. The investigated phenological charateristics were five dates for leafing, flowering, floral abscission, autumn leaf colors and leaf abscission on each plant species in sub-alpine region. The climate data were measured from November 2009 to December 2010. The range of temperature was from 30.4 to -$20.3^{\circ}C$ at Hyangjeokbong to Jungbong region, and the relative humidity was 100% to 3.4%. The leafing dates in 2010 were similar to 2009 or were 6-20 days delayed in most of the investigated species except Veratrum oxysepalum and Sanguisorba hakusanensis which showed 8 days earlier leafing dates in 2010. The biggest difference among phenological characters was found in flowering dates. The flowering dates of early Spring blooming species such as Heloniopsis koreana, Rhododendron yedoense for. poukhanense and Viola orientalis showed 13-20 days earlier in 2010, and the several summer flowering species as Viburnum opulus var. calvescens, Smilacina japonica and Bupleurum longeradiatum showed 6-10 days delay in 2010. The dates for floral abscission and autumn leaf colors in 2010 were delayed about 10-18 days, and leaf abscission dates were similar to 2009. The effects of climate change on the phenology for the threatened species in sub-alpine zones of Korea are occuring especially on flowering, floral abscission and autumn leaf colors.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2007

The vascular plants of the studied area in Keum River lower stream were listed 238 taxa: 74 families, 179 genera, 211 species, 24 varieties and 3 forms. In this, Woody plant were 60 taxa (25.2%), Herb plants were 178 taxa (74.8%) of all 238 taxa vascular plants. Pteridophyta were 4 families, 4 genera, 4 taxa, Gymnospermae were 2 families, 2 genera, 3 taxa and Angiospermae were 68 families, 173 genera, 231 taxa. Based on the list of Korean endemic plant, 2 taxa were recorded; Populus tomentiglandulosa, Forsythia koreana. Specific plant species by floral region were total 7 taxa; Salix siuzevii in class III, 6 taxa (Ainus hirsute, Quercus variabilis, Mallotus japonicus, Plantago camtschatica, Actinostemma lobatum, Sagittaria aginashi) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 14 families, 35 genera, 40 species, 2 varieties, 42 taxa and naturalization rate was 17.6% of all 238 taxa vascular plants. Wild plants disturbing ecosystem like Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. etatior have been increasing. So, it needs continuing control and conservation measures on the plant ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze community structure and species composition of Pinus densiflora for. erecta Stand in Mt. Cheonchuk (653 m). Field survey was carried out from June to September in 2013. 74 plots (20×20 m) were set up, 5 herb layer plots (3×3 m) were constructed for each plot, and there, Diameter at Breast Heigh t(DBH), height, environmental factor, annual growth were measured. Vascular plants were surveyed as following; 66 family, 165 genus, 211 species, 2 sub species, 29 variety, 6 form 248 taxa. Results of cluster analysis for P. densiflora for. erecta forest, 3 communities were divided into; Quercus mongolica (P-1), Quercus variabilis (P-2) and Quercus aliena-Stephanandra incisa (P-3). There were significant environmental factors that organic layer, annual growth, CEC, total total nitrogen, organic matter and pH for each community. As a result of DCA, P-1 and P-2 were distributed large range of environmental factors but relatively limited in P-3. Distributions of herb layer were affected by sand, cation exchange capacity, silt and total nitrogen. Results of MRPP test for herb layer communities, it was significantly analyzed (A=0.003, P<0.008). Species diversity index was highly recorded in P-3 and influenced by cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, annual growth in consequence of NMS analysis.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2009

The naturalized plants in the Byeonsanbando National Park were listed 88 taxa composed of 24 families, 65 genus, 83 species and 3 varieties and 2 forms by field survey. The naturalized plants divided into pattern by survey of annual plants ratio is 38 taxa (43.2%) by life form spectrum and perennials is 28 taxa (31.8%), biennials is 19 taxa (21.6%), two trees (Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima) and one shrub (Amorpha furticosa) were founded. According to analysis results form place of origin, Europe covered 26 taxa (37.1%), North America covered 23 taxa (32.8%). Naturalized degree 3 plants, as common but not abundant, founded as 28 taxa (31.8%) were hold most highly ratio, naturalized degree 1 plants founded as 8 taxa (9.1%) were hold lowest. Introduction period 1 covered 39 taxa (44.3%) have had highest score and period 2 covered 16 taxa (18.2%) have had lowest scores. In addition, the urbanization index based on 271 taxa was 32.5% and Ambrosia artemisiaefolia is growing by ecosystem disturbing wild plants. Meanwhile, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia have confirmed into district of introduction in the Byeonsanbando National Park were damage the human body of plants develop an allergy to pollen. Therefore, management counterplan of the sequel of monitoring them might be required, introduction into naturalized plants are grasp of ecological characteristics and systematical management plan from this point of time by require.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 1985

Through the study of the physiognomical vegetation, the vertical distribution, the distribution of forest community and the flora of the woody plants on the south facing slope of Mt. Pal-Gong, the results obtained were summarized as follows. The forest of Pinus densiflora was dominant in the region of below 750m above the sea level, the mixed forest of conifer and broad-leaved trees in the region of 750m to 950m and the pure forest of deciduous broad-leaved trees in the region of above 950m. Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica were dominant for the upper-story trees, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Carpinus laxiflora for the mid-story trees, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Sasa purpurascens, Rhododendron mucronulatum and Rhododendron schlippenbachii for the under-story trees. Among seventeen forest communities, Cephalotaxus koreana, Populus davidiana and Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica were considered remarkable communities on the south facing slope of Mt. Pal-Gong. The woody plants growing on Mt. Pal-Gong are composed of 59 families, 7 subfamilies, 122 genera, 178 species, 29 varieties and 10 formae. Populus davidiana, Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica and Rubus phoenicolasius were collected newly in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.4
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• pp.360-368
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• 1991

Utilizing chi-square test statistics, inter-species association and covariation were analyzed for the 37 woody plant species in a deciduous forest dominated by Quercus mongolica and Q. variabilis. within 50 temporarily established $20m{\times}20m$ square quadrats, the association for each pair of species was presented based on the presence-absence parameters. Acer palmatum had significant positive association with Acer mono and Kalopanax pictus, but negative association with Pinus densiflora. Other positively associated species pairs were Prunus sargentii-Macckia amurensis, Quercus serrata-Kalopanax pictus, Symplocos chinensis var. pilosa-Euonymus oxyphyllus, and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica-Lindera obtusiloba. The covariation far each pair of species was evaluated based on the quantitative measures, density and basal area. Overall results showed that the association and covariation values among species generally agreed with each other. Because covariation was calculated by density and basal area of the tallied species in the sample plots, the number of species pairs of covariation tended to be greater than those of association. Especially, Pinus densiflora, considered to be pioneer species in the successional stage, had negative covariation with most of climax species. These ecological information could be applied to silvicultural practices, such as ecosystem classification, establishment of mixed hardwood forest, and tending operations for marking crop trees and desirable species.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 2012

Paleo-environments such as vegetation and climate changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene are reconstructed by the results of pollen analysis in the floodplain of Cheonan River, Seongjeong-dong, Cheonan-si, Chungnam Province. In the pollen zone I (approximately 23,000-15,000 yr BP), the area studied was covered by the extensive grassland with sparse wood. The climatic conditions were very cold, but it might not be so severe compared to the intermontane area in the Yeongnam area. This zone corresponds to the 'very cold' stage of Woldstedt(1962) and Yoon and Jo(1996). No pollen horizon(pollen zone II) deposited between approximately 15,000 and 10,000 yr BP corresponds to the transitional stage from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. The horizon consists of the dark gray brown sand deposits different from the other horizons dominated by the silty deposits and these sedimentary properties may be attributed to the dramatic climate changes between the very cold stage and warm stage. The pollen zone III formed between approximately 10,000 and 6,000 yr BP shows clearly different pollen compositions indicative of temperate climate conditions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.576-587
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to classify various plants written in the Korean Buddhist scriptures and assign scientific name to them in accordance with the Hangul Tripitaca as standard scriptures, thereby establishing the foundation of the plants in Buddhist scriptures. As a natural resource, we also assessed the value of the plants written in the Buddhist scriptures that distributed from other countries. To this end, we inferred the route of introduction to Korea of the plants and investigated their function and usage. Taxonomic classification of the plants written in Buddhist scriptures identified a total of 331 taxa belonging to 107 families, 244 genera, 313 species, 1 subspecies, 16 varieties, 1 forms. Species composition of the 331 taxa of plants consisted of two taxa of pteridophyte, 15 taxa of gymnosperm, 261 taxa of dicotyledon, and 53 taxa of monocotyledon. Among them, 183 and 148 were woody and herbaceous plants, respectively. Analysis of the distribution of 331 kinds of plants that India's portion of origin of place is 8.9% which holds a low rank compared with those of Korea (10.5%), China (10.9%), and Japan (10.0%). This explains why many taxa of plants distributed from the three countries appeared in the Hangul Tripitaca. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the majority of the plants were added and replaced at some point in past while Buddhist scriptures were propagated from India to China and from China to Korea. Our analysis indicated that 119 out of the 331 taxa (36 %) were distributed from Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.4
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• pp.423-428
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the early growth of revegetation plants by microorganisms in slope of forest road in Jinju area. The results were summarized as follows; The chemical properties of forest soil were changed by microorganisms. Soil pH, organic mater content, concentrations of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations and CEC in treated plot were increased more than those of controlled plot in the surface soil. It showed that the availability of nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorus was increased by an application of microorganisms in the soil. The coverage rates showed statistically significant differences between plots (p<0.05). The germination rates of woody plants were better in treated plot than in controlled plot. The results indicate that the application of microorganisms would be significantly contributed for the early growth of revegetation plants on slope of forest road.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.381-395
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• 1993

To investigate the procedure of natural plant succession on cutting slope in the forest roads, considered elapsed years and regional distribution, data were collected from natural and artificial treatment slope. And to elucidate the effective methods of revegetation on forest road slope, each seeding experiments carried out with 4 species(Themeda triandra, Lysimachia clethroides, Artemisia princeps and Lespedeza cyrtobotrya). The pioneer species on cutting slope in the forest road were Pinus densiflora, Lespedeza bicolor, Rhubus crataegiflora etc. in wood species, and Arundinella spp., Lysimachia barystachys, Artemisia spp. etc. in herb species. In process of year, plant coverage was increased and average of plant coverage was 30% in road slope which elapsed 5 years after construction. On short slope less than 3m, broadcast seeding method with straw mulch was more effective way than the other methods. Slope revegation work should be adapted with forest road construction work and revegetation work with native species will be effective.