• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

The Low Birth Weight infant birth rate in this country is a little more than 15 percent and is being increased. The survival rate of Low Birth Weight infant is over 90 percent and recently the rate runs is getting. However, because of the high risk of Low Birth Weight infant for handicap in growth, a preventive nursing intervention program for Low Birth Weight infant and their mother is considered to be necessary. Touch and massage, thus sensory stimulation has been considered to be important ensuring a normal growth of Low Birth Weight infant During the past decades sensory stimulation program has been used for premature and Low Birth Weight infants. Recently a study on the sensory stimulation for Low Birth Weight infants has bee n done in this country. Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's development. Especially, mother and infant interaction during one year after birth plays important role in child's social. affective and cognitive developments. But in the study of Low Birth Weight infants, the mother and infant interaction has been rare yet. However, there was no study effectiveness of the sensory stimulation on mother and infant interaction. In this respect, this study based on the importance of the nursing intervention, is intended to measure the effectiveness of the massage therapy in the aspects of weight, daily feeding amount, cortisolurine stress hormone and mother and infant interactions. This study has been conducted on the nonequivalent control group pretestposttest design in quasi experimental basis and Low Birth Weight infants from NICU of two Medical University Hospitals located in Taegu Metropolitan were selected in experimental group of 21 infants and control group of 20 infants. Data has been collected from May 1, 1999 to September 5, 2000. For the experimental group Field's sensory stimulation(tactile and kinesthetic stimulation) was applied 2 times a day for 10 days(10:00 - 11:00 hours in the morning and 19:00 - 20:00 in the afternoon) by nurse and mother. The electronic indicator scale (Cas Co. Korea) was used to measure infant's body weight. To determine urine cortisol concentration level under stress, rad immuno assay method was used. And to determine mother and infant interactions during feeding, tools developed by Kim Mi-Ye (1999) were used. Collected data were analyzed with SAS program using x-test, t-test, paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Findings were as follows : 1. For the daily mean weight gain, the experimental group showed little higher than the control group, even though, there was no Statistically significant differences between two groups. 2. For the amount of daily mean feeding, the experimental group showed little higher than the control group, while there was no Statistically significant differences between two groups. 3. The level of wine cortisol concentration was increased in both groups, while no Statistical significance was shown between the two groups. 4. Mothers in experimental group were more likely to have higher mean scores in mother and infant interaction during feeding than mothers in the control group. Statistical significance was shown between the two groups(t= 5.78, P=.001). In conclusion, the massage therapy in this study showed with regard to even though through there was no statistically significance in the weight gain and urine stress hormone concentration. there was Statistical significantly higher in the mother and infant interaction during feeding. Based on the result of this study, it is considered that the massage therapy should be applied clinical practice and home to help a developmental growth and interaction of Low Birth Weight infants and mothers during the period of recovery.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.500-506
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 자가 생성 지도 학습 알고리즘을 이용한 운송 컨테이너 식별자 인식 시스템을 제안한다. 일반적으로 운송 컨테이너의 식별자들은 글자의 색이 검정색 또는 흰색으로 이루어져 있는 특정이 있다. 이러한 특성을 고려하여 원 컨테이너 영상에 대해 검은색과 흰색을 제외하고는 모든 부분을 잡음으로 처리하기 위해 퍼지 추론 방법을 이용하여 식별자 영역과 바탕영역을 구별한다. 식별자 영역으로 구분 된 영역은 그대로 두고, 바탕 영역으로 구분된 영역 은 전체 영상의 평균 픽셀 값으로 대체시킨다. 그리고 Sobel 마스크를 이용하여 에지를 검출하고, 추출된 에지를 이용하여 수직 블록과 수평 블록을 검출 하여 컨테이너의 식별자 영역을 추출하고 이진화한다. 이진화 된 식별자 영역에 대해 검정색의 빈도수를 이용하여 흰바탕과 민바탕을 구분하고 4 방향 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 개별 식별자를 추출 한다. 개별 식별자 인식을 위해 자가 생성 지도 학습 알고리즘을 제안하여 개별 식별자 인식에 적용한다. 제안된 자가 생성 지도 학습 알고리즘은 입력층과 은닉층 사이의 구조를 ART-l을 개선하여 적용하고 은닉층과 출력층 사이에는 일반화된 델타 학습 방법과 Delta-bar-Delta 알고리즘을 적용하여 학습 및 인식 성능을 개선한다. 실제 80 개의 컨테이너 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 제안된 식별자 추출 방법이 이전의 개별 추출 방법보다 추출률이 개선되었고 FCM 기반 자가 생성 지도 학습 알고리즘보다 제안된 자가 생성 지도 학습 알고리즘이 컨테이너 식별자의 학습 및 인식에 있어서 개선된 것을 확인하였다.색 문제를 해결하고자 하는 것이 연구의 목적이다. 정보추출은 사용자의 관심사에 적합한 문서들로부터 어떤 구체적인 사실이나 관계를 정확히 추출하는 작업을 가리킨다.앞으로 e-메일, 매신저, 전자결재, 지식관리시스템, 인터넷 방송 시스템의 기반 구조 역할을 할 수 있다. 현재 오픈웨어에 적용하기 위한 P2P 기반의 지능형 BPM(Business Process Management)에 관한 연구와 X인터넷 기술을 이용한 RIA (Rich Internet Application) 기반 웹인터페이스 연구를 진행하고 있다.태도와 유아의 창의성간에는 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났고, 일반 유아의 아버지 양육태도와 유아의 창의성간의 상관에서는 아버지 양육태도의 성취-비성취 요인에서와 창의성제목의 추상성요인에서 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 창의성이 높은 아동의 아버지의 양육태도는 일반 유아의 아버지와 보다 더 애정적이며 자율성이 높지만 창의성이 높은 아동의 집단내에서 창의성에 특별한 영향을 더 미치는 아버지의 양육방식은 발견되지 않았다. 반면 일반 유아의 경우 아버지의 성취지향성이 낮을 때 자녀의 창의성을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상에서 자녀의 창의성을 향상시키는 중요한 양육차원은 애정성이나 비성취지향성으로 나타나고 있어 정서적인 측면의 지원인 것으로 밝혀졌다.징에서 나타나는 AD-SR맥락의 반성적 탐구가 자주 나타났다. 반성적 탐구 척도 두 그룹을 비교 했을 때 CON 상호작용의 특징이 낮게 나타나는 N그룹이 양적으로 그리고 내용적으로 더 의미 있는 반성적 탐구를 했다용을 지원하는 홈페이지를 만들어 자료

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.106-116
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• 2005

Summary : This study was designed to identify the difference in temperament, parent-adolescent's goodness of fit and behavioral problems between early-adolescent high risk group which can be divided into subgroups (ADHD-I and ADHD-HI/C) and normal group. Method : Subjects of this study were students of a Boy's Middle School and their parents. ADHD high risk group was determined by using three rating scales of ADHD behavioral symptoms : 1. Korean-ADHD Rating Scale, 2. Abbreviated Conners Parents Rating Scale, 3. Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scale. Final research was based on the subjects including 25 people in ADHD-I high risk group, 70 ADHD-HI/C high risk group, 70 in normal group. Revised Dimensions of Temperament (DOTS-R) was used for students to assess their temperament, while DOTS-R : Ethnology for parents to access environmental demands. Goodness of fit between parent and adolescent was figured out by results of the two scales. Korean Youth Self Report (K-YSR) was used to examine behavioral problems. Results : When it comes to temperament of adolescents, ADHD-HI/C high risk group was found to be associated with higher scores on general activity level. In contextual parent demand to adolescent, ADHD-HI/C parents showed higher level of demands in general activity than other groups, and lower expectation of positive mood than ADHD-I parents. In parent-adolescent's goodness/poorness of fit, the research found out that ADHD-I and ADHD-HI/C had lower level of fit on pesitive/negative mood than normal group and indicated that ADHD behavioral symptoms connected with poorness of fit in emotional relationship between adolescents and their parents. In behavioral problems, ADHD-HI/C high risk group had severe externalizing and internalizing problems distinctly. It had more severe in externalizing problems than ADHD-I, while there were no differences in internalizing problems between the two subgroups. Conclusion The two ADHD subgroups in high risk adolescents had differences on temperamental activity level and on goodness of fit about positive mood. In addition, they had different patterns in externalizing/internalizing problems.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.93-104
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• 2019

The entrepreneurship can be a source of national growth potential as behavioral tendencies of people who seek innovation, take risks of failure, and proactively respond to opportunities. In particular, in the economic situation of Korea where growth has been stagnated, it is necessary to strengthen the entrepreneurship of women which is relatively lower than men's in order to activate the start-up and economic participation of the whole people. In this regard, this study focuses not only on gender differences in entrepreneurship but also on the hidden impact of social contexts that cause gender differences in entrepreneurship. Specifically, this study examined the moderating effects of childbirth, a factor that reflects the social context of Korea in the relationship between gender and entrepreneurship. According to the results of the model that includes the interaction effect of these variables in addition to the independent effects of gender and childbirth, the gender effect disappeared, while the significant effect of both the childbirth variable and the interaction variable of gender and childbirth were confirmed. Furthermore, according to additional analysis, which identified the differences in entrepreneurship by creating four types of treatment groups based on gender and childbirth status, entrepreneurship was significantly lower in the 'female and childbirth' group than in all other groups. The difference between the remaining treatment groups was not statistically significant. These results indicate that differences in entrepreneurship levels between men and women overlap not with the unique trait of men and women, but with the social contextual effects of Korea, where women are under the full burden of childbirth and parenting. This study suggests implications that effective policy measures to promote women's entrepreneurship or economic activity should be taken by taking into account the social context of Korea that suppresses women's entrepreneurial behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 1999

This study was performed by the children and adolescents who were abused or neglected physically, emotionally that were selected in child & adolescents psychiatric ward. We investigated the number of these case in admitted children & adolescents, and also observed characteristics of symptoms, developmental history, characteristics of abuse style, characteristics of abusers, family dynamics and psychopathology. We hypothesized that all kinds of abuse will influnced to emotional, behavioral problems, developmental courses on victims, interactive effects on family dynamics and psychopathology. That subjects were 22 persons of victims who be determined by clinical observation and clinical note. The results of the study were as follows：1) Demographic characteristics of victims：ratio of sex was 1：6.3(male：female), mean age was $11.1{\pm}2.5$. According to birth order, lst was 12(54.5%), 2nd was 5(23%), 3rd was 2(9%) and only child was 3(13.5%). 2) Characteristics of family：According to socioeconomic status, middle to high class was 3(13.5%), middle one was 9(41.% ), middle to low one was 9(41%), low one was 1(0.5%). according to number of family, under the 3 person was 3(13.5%), 4-5 was 17(77.5%), 6-7 was 2(9%). according to marital status of parents, divorce or seperation were 5(23%), remarriage 2(9%), severe marital discord was 19(86.5%). In father, antisocial behavior was 7(32%), alcohol dependence was 10(45.5%). In mother, alcohol abuse was 5(23%), depression was 17(77.3%), history of psychiatric management was 6(27%). 3) Characteristics of abuse：Physical abuse was 18(81.8%), physical and emotional abuse and neglect were 4(18.2%). according to onset of abuse, before 3 years was 15(54.5%), 3-6 years was 5(27.5%), schooler was 1(15%). Only father offender was 2(19%), only mother offender was 8(35.4%), both offender was 8(35.4%), accompaning with spouse abuse was 7(27%), and accompaning with other sibling abuse was 4(18.2%). 4) General characteristics and developmental history of victims：Unwanted baby was 12(54.5%), developmental delay before abuse was9(41%), comorbid developmental disorder was 15(68%). there were 6(27.5%) who didn‘t show definite sign of developmental delay before abuse. 5) Main diagnosis and comorbid diagnosis：According to main diagnosis, conduct disorder 6(27.3%), borderline child 5(23%), depression4(18%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) 4(18%), pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified 2(9%), selective mutism 1(5%). According to comorbid diagnosis, ADHD, borderline intelligence, mental retardation, learning disorder, developmental language disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, chronic tic disorder, functional enuresis and encoporesis, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, personality disorder due to medical condition. 5) Course of treatment：A mean duration of admission was $2.4{\pm}1.5$ months. 11(15%) showed improvement of symtoms, however 11(50%) was not changed of symtoms.