• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

Nationwide survey for angular leaf spot (ALS) of strawberry caused by Xanthomonas fragariae, a quarantine disease in Korea, was performed in November 2012. In the survey, ALS was observed in eighty eight farmers' fields of Sukok, Jinju and Okjong, Hadong in Gyeongnam Province, and one field in Namwon of Jeollabuk Province. The infected field of Namwon closed immediately after the disease diagnosed ALS. In detailed survey of Sukok and Okjong areas during February 2012 to January 2015, ALS occurrence decreased from 45% farmer's fields on December 2012 to 5% on January 2015, and from 38% on November 2013 to 5% on January 2015, respectively. Phenotypic characteristics of the Korean strains were similar to those of the type strain of X. fragariae. A multilocus sequence analysis of Korean strains of X. fragariae was conducted using four genes; dnaK, fyuA, gyrB, and rpoD. All the Korean strains had the same sequences of the four genes. The concatenated sequences of the Korean strains shared 100% with that of the type strain of X. fragariae. All strawberry cultivars tested were susceptible to the strains of X. fragariae two weeks after inoculation. The inoculated sites were necrosis and expanded, which were rated 4 based on evaluation of inoculation site.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 1987

Pathogenicity of nine Rhizoctonia solani isolates of different anastomosis groups (AG) on seed and hypocotyls of red pepper, cucumber, Chinese cabbage and radish varied considerably from nonvirulent to highly virulent. Rhizoctonia solani AG 1 was highly virulent on the above four plant species. AG 2 type 1 was highly virulent on radish and Chinese cabbage, moderately virulent on red pepper, and AG 2 type 2 was avirulent or weakly virulent except red pepper. R. solani AG 5 was moderately virulent on hosts tested. In general, virulence of the R. solani isolates to a given host varied among anastomosis groups, but not within anastomosis groups. Anastomosis groups lacked host specificity. The pathogenicity was stronger in steam-sterilized soil than in non-sterilized field soil, if the inoculated plants were closely related with orginal host from which the pathogen was isolated. On the other hand, pathogen was more virulent in non-sterilized field soil than in steam-sterilized soil, if the inoculated ones were not closely related. Generally, contrary to other soil-brone plant pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia isolates tended to be more virulent in non-sterilized field soil than in the same soil which had been steamed. A potential danger of building up propagules of R. solani in southern horticultural area are discussed in terms of cropping system.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.246-253
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of protein kinds and levels on lipid metabolism in hypercholesterolemia rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administrated 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate to induce hypercholesterolemia and were fed on diet containing two levels(7, 20%) of casein and soy protein respectively. The rats were sacrified after 5 weeks of feeding periods. Total lipid content in serum was decreased in proportion to level of protein and soy protein was more effective than casein in lipid-lowering effect. Serum triglyceride content was significantly decreased in proportion to level of protein and did not show significance by protein kind. Serum phospholipid content was more significantly decreased in 20% protein groups than that of 7% protein groups. Total cholesterol content in serum was significantly decreased by protein and were decreased in proportion to level of soy protein. Free cholesterol content did not show significance by protein level. The degree of decrease predominated in soy protein groups. Serum HDL-cholesterol content and RL-cholesterol were increased in proportion to level of protein and effect of soy protein was not more significantly than that of casein. Atherogenic index was significantly decreased in proportion to level of protein and soy protein groups were more effective. Serum LDL-, VLDL-cholesterol contents were more significantly decreased in 20% protein groups than that of 7% protein groups. Serum $\beta$-lipoprotein and chylomicrone-cholesterol contents also showed significantly decrease by soy protein.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.391-401
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• 2009

The successful outcome of dental implants is mainly the result of intial implant stability following placement. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a self-tapping blades and implant design on initial stability of two tapered implant systems in poor bone quality. The two different implant systems included one with self-tapping blades and one without self-tapping blades. D4 bone model using Solid Rigid Polyurethane Form was used to simulate poor bone densities. The insertion torque during implant placement was recorded. Resonance frequency Analysis (RFA), measured as the implant stability quotient (ISQ), was assessed immediately after insertion. Finally, the implant-bone specimen was transferred to an Universal Testing Machine to measure the axial pull-out force. Insertion torque values and maximum pull-out torque value of the non self-tapping implants were significantly higher than those in the self-tapping group (P = 0.008). No statistically differences were noted between the two implant designs in RFA. Within the each implant system, no correlation among insertion torque, maximum pull-out torque and RFA value could be determined. Higher insertion torque of the non-self-tapping implants appeared to confirm higher clinical initial stability. In conclusion, implants without self-tapping blades have higher initial stability than implants with self-tapping blades in poor bone quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.1137-1142
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of apios (Apios americana Medikus) supplementation on visceral obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. C57BL/6N mice were fed a high-fat diet (40% calories from fat) with or without apios powder (10%, w/w) for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, apios supplementation reduced visceral fat mass significantly by 14.3% compared to the control group. Apios decreased significantly the atherogenic index, serum leptin level, hepatic lipid (free fatty acid and triglyceride) content, and lipid droplets, whereas it increased the serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio. Hepatic lipogenic gene expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, fatty acid synthase, and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 was down-regulated by apios supplementation. These results suggest that apios is a healthy food for preventing high-fat diet-induced visceral obesity and fatty liver.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.48-54
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• 2020

DMSMS (Diminishing Manufacturing Sources and Material Shortage) is increased by developing the scientific technique and downsizing the military part market. DMSMS affects the increase in total life cycle costs and serviceability. Therefore, advance control for parts is important to reduce the cost, and a database is needed to share information on the DMSMS. A task needs to be performed continuously by setting the major control item to management more efficiently. The purpose of this study was to deduce the major control item for the DMSMS management system. Thus, the pre-control item basis of the DAPA (Defense Acquisition Program Administration) Manual and the SD-22 Manual were first selected, and the results of the survey were analyzed by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. Fifteen of the detailed items were stratified into three criteria (Impact, Probability, and cost of the DMSMS), and each weight for the items was calculated using a nine-point scale survey. The AHP survey was executed with 25 specialists in the DMSMS management field, and the score of consistency ratio over 0.1 was excluded. The model explained the results and suggested future directions for development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) on the activities of brain lipid peroxidation related enzymes in ethanol administrated rats of selenium(Se) deficiency. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed Se deficiency diets containing one of the three levels of Met (0, 3, 9g/kg diet) and ethanol(2.5g/kg of body weight) was administrated as 25v/v% ethanol treated groups orally. The rats sacrificed after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding periods. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity was increased in ethanol treated groups and was higher Met normal group than Met deficiency and excessive groups at 5 and 10 weeks dieting. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was decreased in ethanol treated groups and significantly decreased in Met deficiency group. Monoamine oxidase activity in brain was increased in ethanol treated groups and was predominently increased in Met deficiency groups. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased in ethanol treated groups and tended to increase in proportion to level of dietary methionine. Glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities and lipid peroxide content were increased by ethanol administration and were higher Met deficiency group than normal and excessive groups.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.154-162
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• 2006

Background: Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy is studied for several years. However, it is mainly derived from autologous PBMC or leukapheresis from patient, which has limitations about yield and ability of DC production according to individual status. In order to solve these problems, inquiries about allogeneic DCs are performed but there are no preclinical trial answers for effect or toxicity of allogeneic DC to use for clinical trial. In this study, we compared the anti-tumor effect of allogeneic and autologous DCs from mouse bone marrow stem cells in mouse metastatic melanoma model. Methods: B16F10 melanoma cells ($5{\times}10^4$/mouse) were injected intravenously into the C57BL/6 mouse. Therapeutic DCs were differentiated from autologous (C57BL/6: CDC) or allogeneic (B6C3F1: BDC) bone marrow stem cells with GM-CSF, SCF and IL-4 for 13days and pulsed with B16F10 tumor cell lysate (Blys) for 18hrs. DC intra-peritoneal injections began on the 8th day after the tumor cell injection by twice with one week interval. Results: Anti-tumor response was observed by DC treatment without any toxicity especially in allogeneic DC treated mice (tumor burden score: $2.667{\pm}0.184,\;2.500{\pm}0.463,\;2.000{\pm}0.286,\;1.500{\pm}0.286,\;1.667 {\pm}0.297$ for saline, CDC/unpulsed-DC: U-DC, CDC/Blys-DC, BDC/U-DC and BDC/Blys-DC, respectively). IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion was significantly increased in allogeneic DC group stimulated with B16F10 cell lysate ($2,643.3{\pm}5,89.7,\;8,561.5{\pm}2,204.9.\;6,901.2{\pm}141.1pg/1{\times}10^6$ cells for saline, BDC/U-DC and BDC/Blys-DC, respectively) with increased NK cell activity. Conclusion: Conclusively, promising data was obtained that allogeneic DC can be used for DC-based cancer immunotherapy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the series of panoramic radiograph of implant patients using the system to measure peri-implant crestal bone loss according to the elapsed time from fixture installation time to more than three years. Methods: Choose 10 patients having 45 implant fixtures installed, which have series of panoramic radiograph in the period to be analyzed by the system. Then, calculated the crestal bone depth and statistics and selected the implant in concerned by clicking the implant of image shown on the monitor by the implemented pattern recognition system. Then, the system recognized the x, y coordination of the implant and peri-implant alveolar crest, and calculated the distance between the approximated line of implant fixture and alveolar crest. By applying pattern recognition to periodic panoramic radiographs, we attained the results and made a comparison with the results of preceded articles concerning peri-implant marginal bone loss. Analyzing peri-implant crestal bone loss in a regression analysis periodic filmed panoramic radiograph, logarithmic approximation had highest $R^2$ value, and the equation is as shown below. $y=0.245Logx{\pm}0.42$, $R^2=0.53$, unit: month (x), mm (y) Results: Panoramic radiograph is a more wide-scoped view compared with the periapical radiograph in the same resolution. Therefore, there was not enough information in the radiograph in local area. Anterior portion of many radiographs was out of the focal trough and blurred precluding the accurate recognition by the system, and many implants were overlapped with the adjacent structures, in which the alveolar crest was impossible to find. Conclusion: Considering the earlier objective and error, we expect better results from an analysis of periapical radiograph than panoramic radiograph. Implementing additional function, we expect high extensibility of pattern recognition system as a diagnostic tool to evaluate implant-bone integration, calculate length from fixture to inferior alveolar nerve, and from fixture to base of the maxillary sinus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

This study was designed to test the effect of Korean traditional tea materials on oxygen-free radical metabolism in lead (Pb) -administered rats. Male rats were divided into normal, Pb-control (Pb-Con) and Pb-water extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis; GT) , persimmon leaf (Diospyros kaki; PL) , safflower seed (Carhamus tinctorius: SS) , Du-Zhong (Eucommia ulmoides; EU) groups, respectively. Pb intoxication was induced by administration of lead acetate (25 mg/kg. B.W., oral) weekly. The extract was administered based on 1.26 g of raw material/kg B.W./day for 4 weeks. When the GT, PL, SS and EU were supplemented to the Pb-administered rats, hepatic lipid peroxide levels were significantly lower compared to the Pb-Con group. Hepatic cytochrom P-450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was lower in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, whereas xanthine oxidase activity was significantly elevated in Pb-administered rats. The water extract of GT, PL, SS and EU supplementation attenuated changes in enzyme activities generating reactive oxygen species in the liver. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, while monoamine oxidase activity also tended to increase in the Pb-administered rats. However, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and glutathione content significantly decreased through Pb intoxication. The supplementation of GT, PL, SS and EU induced alleviation changes of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.