• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.385-393
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• 2011

Soybean is the most promising crop for substituting rice on the paddy field. Excessive water stress is a common limiting factor in soybean yield under paddy soil condition. This study was carried out to identify changes in leaf total nitrogen and petiole ureide content under excess water conditions for establishing a screening system related to waterlogging tolerance. Waterlogging treatment was conducted by maintaining the water level on the soil surface for 10 days at the early vegetative growth stage ($V_5$) and the flowering stage ($R_2$). Leaf total nitrogen content, SPAD value and ureide content in petiole decreased in all soybean varieties in response to waterlogging, but the degree of decrease was much lesser in Pungsannamulkong and Muhankong than in Jangyeobkong and Myungjunamulkong, at 21 days after waterlogging treatment. This result means that root and nodule recovery rates were much higher in Pungsannamulkong and Muhankong than in Jangyeobkong and Myungjunamulkong after waterlogging treatment. The ureide and leaf nitrogen content showed high positive correlation with SPAD value, regardless of waterlogged stages. In conclusion, leaf nitrogen content, ureide content in petiole and leaf greenness were identified as promising indicator for screening soybeans which are tolerant of excess water.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

As part of reconsideration on naming of the scenic site No.1 "Myeongju Cheonghak-dong Sogumgang," this study attempts to identify whether there is any mistake with reference to place naming of Korea's No.1 scenic site and if so, to correct the problem by examining the origin of the name and its transition progress through analysis and interpretation of old maps, ancient documents such as traditional geographic books, Yusangi(遊山記) and Letters Carved on the Rocks. The findings of this study are as follows: In traditional geographic books, a term of 'Mt. Cheonghak(靑鶴山)' was first found from "SinjungDonggookyeojisungram(新增東國輿地勝覽)" and after a place name, 'Sogumgang(小金剛)' first appeared in "Yeojidoseo(輿地圖書)" in the middle of the 17th century, it was reproduced in "Jungsuimyeongji(增修臨瀛誌)", which was published in the early 20th century. However, as a result of analyzing old maps, the place name, Sogumgang cannot be found in any local or national map except place names such as Cheonghak-dong, Mt. Cheonghak and Temple Cheonghak. Even though 'Biseonam,' 'Cheonyudong,' 'Gyeongdam' and 'Mt. Cheonghak' appear in Yulgok's "Yucheonghaksangi(遊靑鶴山記)", any part in which 'Sogumgang' was referred is not found. Later, Cheonghak-dong Sogumgang seemed to had been called 'Mt. Cheonghak' or 'Cheonghak-dong(靑鶴洞)' for more than three centuries as seen in Lee Sun-il's "Godamilgo(孤潭逸稿)", Heo Geun's farewell records, Heo Mok's "Cheonghak-dong Guryongyeongi(靑鶴洞九龍淵記)", Yoon Sun-geo(尹宣擧)'s "Padongilgi(巴東日記)" and Lee Won-jo's letters and a poem composed by Gang Jae-hang in the middle of the 18th century is the only record in which the place name, 'Sogumgang' is shown. Meanwhile, 'Sogumgang' carved on Inung Rock(二能巖) in front of Temple Gumgang is presumed to be carved by Inunggyeoone(二能契員) in the 1870s or in 1930s, considering the size of each character, calligraphy, overall layout, wear extent and records in Jiriji. Therefore, no evidence can be found to say that each character of 'Sogumgang' was written by Yulgok because 'Sogumgang' has strong evidences of the origin of its place name. To sum up the findings stated above, since Yulgok's "Yucheonghaksangi", this place seems to have been referred as 'Mt. Cheonghak Cheonghak-dong' and as it is confirmed that the place name, 'Sogumgang' first appeared in "Ohyeongosijo(五言古時調)" of "Ibjaeseonsangyugo(立齋先生遺稿)" and "Yeojidoseo" in the middle of the 18th century, it can be inferred that the place name, Sogumgang had been partly mingled as an another name of Mt. Cheonghak. Therefore, even though it is difficult to say the existing place name has a significant problem, it is thought that it will be better to name 'Mt. Cheonghak Cheonghak-dong' rather than 'Cheonghak-dong Sogumgang' in order to stress on this place's traditional identity as a scenic site related to Yulgok. In addition, as confirmed in this study process, it is said that each character of place names, 'Mt. Cheonghak' and 'Gyeongdam(鏡潭)' and name 'Yoon Sun-geo' carved in Rock Sikdang stated in Yoon Sun-geo's "Padongilgi" in 1964 is a pledge showing the influence of "Yucheonghaksangi" as an ancient travel literature as well as a mark of the Giho school scholars' respect and spirit to honor Yulgok.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Stress from excess water is one of the most harmful limiting factor in soybean yield during the wet season under the climate conditions. Soybean is very sensitive to excess water compare to other crops. This experiment was carried out to identify the growth responses for establishing a screening system related to waterlogging tolerance in soybean from 2003 to 2004. The root dry weight accumulation rate of per day for 21 days after waterlogging at V5 stage was the highest in Pungsannamulkong (47~56% of control) and was the lowest in Jangyeobkong (26~27% of control). The nodules dry weight recovery rate was the highest in Pungsannamulkong (83~91% of control), while the lowest in Myungjunamulkong (48~66% of control). After waterlogging, recovery rate of roots was high, which increased the root/shoot ratio of Pungsannamulkong, which also produced significantly more adventitious roots than in Jangyeobkong. The percentage of adventitious roots fresh weight to the total roots fresh weight was the lowest in Myungjunamulkong (14%), while the highest in Pungsannamulkong (38%). This results implies that the water and nutrients absorbing ability of Pungsannamulkong is more higher than that of Myungjunamulkong during late growth period.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 1978

The purpose of present study is to analyze the genetic variation of natural stand of Pinus densiflora. In 1975 following after the selection of 1974, twenty trees from each of three natural populations of the species were selected and their open-pollinated seeds were collected, and the locations and conditions of the populations ate presented in table 1, 2 and figure 1. Some morphological traits of the populations were already detailed in our second report of this series, in which Myong-Ju and Ul-Jin populations were regarded to be superior phenotypically to suweon population. The morphological traits of cone, seed and seed-wing, and also the growth performances and needle characters of the seedling were observed in the present study according to the previous methods. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The meteorological data obtained by averaging the records of 30 year period (1931~1960) measured from the nearest meteorological stations to each population are shown in fig.2, 3, 4. The distributional patterns of investigated climate factors are generally considered to be similar among the locations. However, the precipitation density during growing season and the air temperature during dormant season on Suweon area, population 6, were quite different from those of the other areas. 2. The measurements of fresh cone weight, length, diameter and cone index, i.e., length to diameter ratio are presented in table 7. As shown in table 7, all these traits except for cone diameter seem to be highly significant in population differences and family differences within population. 3. The morphological traits of seed and seed-wing are detailed in table 8, 9, and highly significant differences are recognized among the populations and the families within population in seed-wing length, seed-wing index, seed weight, seed-length and seed index but not among the populations in the other observed traits. The values of correlation coefficient between the characters of cone and seed are given in table 10 and the positive significant correlations can be observed in the most parts of the compared traits. 4. Significant statistical differences among populations and families within population are observed in the growth performances of 1-0 and 1-1 seedling height of these progenies. But the differences in root collar diameter are shown only among families within population. As shown in table 13, the most parts of correlations are not significant statistically between the growth performances of seedling and the seed characters. 5. The number of stomata row on both sides of needle and the serration density were measured in the seedlings from each of the families of the three populations. As shown in table 15, statistical differences are considered to be significant among the populations and among the families within population in serration density but not among the populations in stomata row on both sides of the needle. The results differ from those of the third report of this series. Even if one of the reason seems to be the diversity of selected populations, it could not be confirmed definitely. The correlations between progenies and parents are not generally observed in the investigated traits of needle as shown in table 16.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was aimed to survey the perception of public official on public health promotion programs in Traditional Korean Medicine (PHPP-TKM). Methods : Data were collected from 129 public officials who were in charge of PHPP-TKM business in the public health centers using the structured questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed through frequency analysis and T-test using SPSS 13.0. Results : Even though stroke prevention programs are implemented most often at present, respondents hope to practice dementia prevention programs in the future. The obstructive factor was measured by 5-point Likert scale, and the most obstructive factor was that there were neither standard manuals nor methodological guidelines for the programs($3.73{\pm}0.97$). The second most obstructive factor was that TKM-PHPP duplicated other public health programs($3.67{\pm}1.07$). The plan to activate TKM-PHPP was also measured by 5-point Likert scale. The most suggested plan was to develop competitive programs ($4.20{\pm}0.88$). The second most suggested plan was that of various integration of public health programs ($4.14{\pm}0.80$). Conclusions : The result of survey questionnaire suggests to develop various integrated programs, and to draw up a standard manual to activate the TKM-PHPP in public health centers.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2016

The road name address system has been in effect in Korea since 2012. However, the existing address system is still being used in many fields because of the difference between the spatial awareness of people and the road name address system. For the spatial awareness based on the road name address system, various spatial datasets in daily life should be referenced by the road names. The goal of this paper is to link the road name address system with the wayfinding process, which is closely related to the spatial awareness. To achieve our goal, we designed and implemented a geometric matching method for spatial data sets. This method generates network neighborhoods from road objects in the 'road name address map' and the 'pedestrian network data'. Then it computes the geometric similarities between the neighborhoods to identify corresponding road name for each object in the network data. The performance by F0.5 was assessed at 0.936 and it was improved to 0.978 by the manual check for 10% of the test data selected by the similarity. By help of our method, the road name address system can be utilized in the wayfinding services, and further in the spatial awareness of people.

• Composites Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.116-125
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop silicon carbide fiber showing an excellent mechanical properties under highly oxidative conditions at high temperature. Polycarbosilane(PCS) as a preceramic precursor was used for making the SiC fiber. PCS fiber was taken by melt spinning method followed by melting the PCS at $300{\sim}350^{\circ}C$ in N2 gas. The Curing of PCS fiber was carried out in air oxygen chamber, prior to high temperature pyrolysis. Degree of cure was calculated by characteristic peak's ratio of Si-H to $Si-CH_3$ in FT-IR spectra before and after curing of PCS fiber. The properties of SiC fiber was affected greatly by the degree of cure. The SiC fiber produced by controlling fiber tension during heat treatment showed good properties. The SiC fiber exposed to $1000^{\circ}C$ at air from 1 min. up to maximum 50 hrs showed around 60% reduction in tensile strength. We found that large amount of carbon content on the fiber surface after long-term exposure has resulted in lower tensile strength.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.14
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• pp.145-169
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• 2004

With the full liberalization of distribution sector in 1997, both multinational and domestic discount retailers have been competing to gain more market share in Korea. Increased competition among domestic and international retail stores forces marketing academics and practitioners to understand the various factors affecting discount retail store satisfaction and loyalty. This study examines how store image of a retailer influences consumers' attitudes, satisfaction and intention to re visit that store. The data, collected from a sample of 416 customers in Busan, Korea, indicate that store image is exerting positive influences in the formation of attitude, satisfaction. But favorable store image does not have positive impact on the intention to revisit the store. Rather the impact of store image on intention to re visit is mediated by attitudes and satisfaction. And unlike the overall store image, attitudes have positive effect on the formation of consumers' intention to revisit, not mediated by satisfaction. And satisfaction also results in higher possibility of forming intention to revisit that same discount store. Based on these results, we provide theoretical and managerial implications, limitations of this research, and useful directions for future study.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.10 s.200
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• pp.91-104
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of clothing microclimates and the subjective sensations according to age, gender and clothing weight for $19^{\circ}C$ air temperature. This study was done to gain fundamental data related to saving heating energy and to improve health through wearing underwear (long johns) in lower indoor temperatures. The subjects were divided into four groups (6 young males, 5 young females, 6 old males, 6 old females), and our experiment consisted of three conditions; the first condition was wearing long underwear in $19^{\circ}C$ air (19CUW condition); the second condition was without wearing long underwear in $19^{\circ}C$ air (19C condition); and the third condition was without wearing underwear in $24^{\circ}C$ air (24C condition). The experiment showed that the clothing microclimate temperature and humidity was the lowest in the 19C condition and the highest in the 24C condition irrespective of age and gender. The clothing microclimate in the 19CUW condition was not significantly distinguishable from the other conditions. Clothing microclimate temperature and humidity when the subjects responded thermal comfort was $28\~34^{\circ}C$ and $15\~40\%$RH without any significant difference according to age and gender. For the thermal sensation, the 24C condition was regarded as the warmest environment by the four groups, and the next preference was the 19CUW condition (p<0.001). Young females and old males showed a tendency to feel colder than young males and old females. For the thermal sensation of hands and feet, the young groups felt the warmest in the 24C condition and the coolest in the 19 C condition (p<0.001). However, old males felt neutral for the foot thermal sensation without any significant difference between the three conditions. Old females felt neutral for both the hands and feet thermal sensations without any significant difference between the three conditions. Thermal preference was the highest in the 24C condition for the 4 groups. In the 19CUW condition, for the thermal preference, most young males and females responded 'No change'; on the other hand, mea of the old responded 'Warmer'(p<0.001). It was the 24C condition that the 4 subject groups felt the most thermally comfortable. In the 19CUW condition, over $80\%$ of responses of each group expressed satisfaction and in the 19C condition, over $80\%$ of responses of each group, except young females, expressed satisfaction. In conclusion, in view of the clothing microclimate and subjective sensations, the 24C condition was the condition that gave subjects the least cold stress and the best subjective preference. However, the 19C condition and the 19CUW condition was not such a cold stress as to give healthy subjects a thermal burden.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.574-580
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• 1994

The effect of dietary zinc(Zn) levels on cadmium (Cd)-induced hepatotoxicity was studied in serum and liver of rats. Adult male Spraque-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing one of three levels of zinc carbonate(0, 56, $560\mu\textrm{g}/kg$ diet) and Cd-treated groups were administrated oral intubation with cadmium chloride 95.0 mg/kg of body weight) at the sametime once a week. Net weight gain (NWG), feed intake (FI) and feed effciiency ratio (FER) in Zn deficiency groups significantly decreased as compared to that of control and excessive groups. Cd oral intubation caused a decrease in NWG and FI but an increase in Zn deficiency group in FER. GSH-Px, GST and catalase activity showed significant decrease in Zn deficiency and Zn excessive group. LPO content in liver significantly increased in Zn deficiency group. Cd oral intubation increased the content of LPO in Zn deficiency group as compared to control. GSH content and GST activity of hepatic tissue significantly decreased in Zn deficiency and excessive group. The activity of AST and ALT in serum were markedly increased in Zn deficiency, Zn excessive and Cd-treated groups. LDH and ALP activities significantly increased in Cd-treated group while ALP activity decreased by Zn deficiency. It was observed that the livers of rats exposed to Cd and Zn excessive group showed a marked increase of hepatic enzyme as compare to only Cd-treated in rats.