• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study compared the effects of non-cold and cold conditions on the viscoelastic properties of tendon structures in vivo. Methods: Seven male subjects perfomed plantar flesion exercise with maximal isokinetic voluntary contraction, which consisted of muscle contraction for 6 see and relaxation for 60 secs, 10 times for 1 set, Totally 10 sets were repeated. Before and after each task, the elongation of the tendon and aponeurosis of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG) was directly measured by ultrasonography. (The relationship between the estimated tendon force and tendon elongation.) Tendon cross-sectional area and ankle joint moment arm were obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The tendon force was calculated from the joint moments and the tendon moment arm and stress was obtained by dividing force by cross-sectional areas (CSA). The strain was measured from the displacements normalized to tendon length. Results: After cooling, the tendon force was larger in cold than non-cold. The value of the tendon stiffness of MVC were significantly higher under the cold condition than under the non-cold condition. The maximal strain and stress of $7.4{\pm}0.7%$ and $36.4{\pm}1.8$ MPa in non-cold and $7.8{\pm}8.5%,\;31.8{\pm}1.1$ MPa in cold (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study shows for the first time that the muscle endurance in cooling increases the stiffness and Young's modulus of human tendons. The improvement in muscle endurance with cooling was directly related to muscle and tendon.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.144-150
• /
• 1992

Paralytic shellfish toxins in mussels Mytilus edulis and dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarene from Jinhae Bay, south coast of Korea were investigated. The mussels collected in March-April, 1989 showed toxicities of 7.5 MU/g of whole meat(31-88 MU/g of the digestive gland) , and those collected in 1990 showed toxicity level of 1.9-9.9 MU/g of whole meat by the standard mouse bioassay. Analysis of toxins by high performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of gonyautoxin 1-4$(48-76\%)$ gonyautoxin 8 and epi-gonyautoxin $8(C1-C2,\;14-39\%)$, saxitoxin$(1-10\%)$, neosaxitoxin$(l-7\%)$ and trace amount of decarbamoylgonyautoxin 2 and 3(dcGTX2, dcGTX3) in the mussels of 1989. While, Mussels collected in 1990 contained a significantly larger proportion of neosaxitoxin $(44-50\%)$ than did those of 1989. A. tamarense isolated in April 1989 produced the same toxins in culture with slightly higher proportion of Cl, C2, dcGTX2 and dcGTX3 than in the mussels. The difference was within a range of toxin change during accumulation by shellfish and during sample preparation for analysis. It was thus concluded that the dinoflagellate was the cause of toxins in the mussels.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 2018

The objective of this study is to verify the effects of Moosim-Gi-Gong Doinbeop on low back pain targeting low back pain patients hospitalized in Korean medicine hospitals. For the study, 44 adult female and male patients hospitalized with low back pain at M Korean Medicine Hospital and H Korean Medicine Hospital located in Gimpo, Gyeonggi Province were recruited. The subjects had a temperature difference between left and right 湧泉(KI1) of over 0.5℃ through infrared thermographic imaging, and 23 of them were classified in the control group for retrospective analysis based on the test records. Infrared thermographic imaging, X-ray pelvic AP view - standing position, a sit-and-reach test and a VAS survey were employed for detection, and IBM SPSS Statistics 24 for the statistical process. The results were rounded down to three decimal places as in an average±standard deviation, and the significance level was 0.05 to be evaluated significant if p<0.05. The result of the study is as follows: 1. In the comparison between before and after conducting Moosim-Gi-Gong Doinbeop, the meaningful difference was shown in the experimental group in all indicators. But Indicators except for the temperature difference between right and left 湧泉(KI1)(difference between before and after) and In displaced pelvic correction indicators on the X-ray showed a significant difference in the control group. 2. As for the variation widths of the experimental group and the control group, the former showed significant temperature differences between 印堂(EX-HN3) and 關元(CV4) and right and left 湧泉(KI1); difference variations of anteflexion; and changes in PI and In displacement on the X-ray. 3. As for changes in the experimental group according to demographic characteristics, gender, age and degree of obesity did not show significant differences in all indicators. However, those who experienced back pain for more than six months in the experimental group showed the biggest body temperature differences between 印堂(EX-HN3) and 關元(CV4), while other indicators had no significant difference. As a result, patients who received Korean medicine treatment showed relieved back pain and improvement in pelvic correction and sports activity; however, those who got Moosim-Gi-Gong Doinbeop together showed more clearer improvement effects in pelvic correction and sports activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.148-154
• /
• 2014

Photoelasticity is a useful technique for obtaining the differences and directions of principal stresses in a model. In conventional photoelasticity, the photoelastic parameters are measured manually point by point. Identifying and measuring photoelastic data is time-consuming and requires skill. The fringe phase shifting method was recently developed and has been found to be convenient for measuring and analyzing fringe data in photo-mechanics. This paper presents an experimental study on the stress distribution along a horizontal line that passes the central point of a rhombus plate made of Photoflex (i.e., type of urethane rubber). The isoclinic fringe and/or principal stress direction is constant on this horizontal line, so a four-bucket phase shifting method can be applied. The method requires four photoelastic fringes that are obtained from a circular polariscope by rotating the analyzer at $0^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$ and $135^{\circ}C$. Experimental measurements using the method were quantitatively compared with the results from FEM analysis; the results from the two methods showed comparable agreement.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.437-444
• /
• 2017

Stress concentrations around discontinuities, such as a hole in cross section of a structural member, have great importance because the most materials failure around the region may be occurred. Stress on the point applied by concentrated load reaches much larger value than the average stress in structural member. In this paper, stress analysis was performed for the plate with a partial through-hole to find the difference of the principal stress distribution. The difference between maximum principal stress and minimum principal stress in photoelasticity is equal to the value obtained by multiplying the isochromatic fringe order by the fringe constant of the material divided by the distance through which the light passes, that is, the thickness of the specimen. Since the difference of principal stress is proportional to the photoelastic fringe order, the distribution of the principal stress difference by the finite element analysis can be compared with the photoelasticity experimental result. ANSYS Workbench, that is the finite element software, is used to compute the differences of principal stresses at the specific points on the measured lines. The computation values obtained by ANSYS are compared with the experimental measurements by photoelasticity, and two results are comparable to each other. In addition, the stress concentration factor is obtained using the stress distribution analyzed from the variation of hole depth. Stress concentration factor is increasing, as the depth of hole increase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.536-542
• /
• 2023

Satellites represent cutting-edge technology, of ering significant advantages in spatial and temporal observations. National agencies worldwide harness satellite data to respond to marine accidents and analyze ocean fluctuations effectively. However, challenges arise with high-resolution satellite-based sea surface temperature data (Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis, OSTIA), where gaps or empty areas may occur due to satellite instrumentation, geographical errors, and cloud cover. These issues can take several hours to rectify. This study addressed the issue of missing OSTIA data by employing LaMa, the latest deep learning-based algorithm. We evaluated its performance by comparing it to three existing image processing techniques. The results of this evaluation, using the coefficient of determination (R²) and mean absolute error (MAE) values, demonstrated the superior performance of the LaMa algorithm. It consistently achieved R² values of 0.9 or higher and kept MAE values under 0.5 ℃ or less. This outperformed the traditional methods, including bilinear interpolation, bicubic interpolation, and DeepFill v1 techniques. We plan to evaluate the feasibility of integrating the LaMa technique into an operational satellite data provision system.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2005

We experienced the specimen that contains a hemoglobin variant known as interference from HbAS in October 2003. It was the first case of Hb variants since Samsung Medical Center began conducting glycohemoglobin College of American Pathologists surveys in 1997. The purpose of this study is to share our experience with the specimen and promote the understanding of Hb variants & derivatives. We've performed cross checks to examine HbA1c by using two pieces of equipment; the TOSHOH G7 and BIO-RAD VARIANT-T(turbo), and Automatic High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) as an analytic measurement method. HPLC provides different fractional information of hemoglobin with a two-dimensional graph as well as numeric results. We have been performing a "Systematic Checking Process". Three specimen suspicious of Hb variants & derivatives were found through this process. College of American Pathologists notified that it is important for users to be aware of the limitation of their glycohemoglobin method to avoid reporting incorrect results due to interference from hemoglobin variants or hemoglobin adducts. Therefore, laboratory findings of Hb variants & derivatives are very important. The experience of qualified technicians with professional knowledge in Hb variants is the most important aspect in finding Hb variants. Korea is homogeneous in race and is not in an area with a higher finding rate of Hb variants. While 1,024 cases of Hb variants have been found in Japan, we do not have specific data on how many cases of Hb variants have been found in Korea. Considering Hb variant cases in Japan, which is geographically close to us, it is presumed that there must be various Hb variant cases in Korea. If domestic laboratories set a systemic protocol and build a network to share our experience in Hb variants, I expect the Korean Hb variants could also be listed on the world's Hb variant list.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.408-414
• /
• 1999

A selective and sensitive method for the derivatization of total homocysteine (Hcy) and the related compounds in plasma by gas chromatograph (GC)-electron capture detector (ECD) has been developed. To determine total homocysteine, cysteine (Cys), and methionine (Met) in human plasma using GC-ECD, analytes were reduced and converted into their N(O,S)-ethylearbonyl pentafluoropropyl (PFP) ester by derivatization with ethyl chloroformate and pentafluoropropyl alcohol (PFP-OH) in plasma. The best derivatizing agent N(O,S)-ethyl carbonyl PFP ester, was chosen by comparing the sensitivity of derivatized analysis in GC-ECD. The derivatized analytes in plasma were extracted by chloroform, and subsequently back-extracted with hexane and analyzed by GC-ECD. The calibration carves ($R^2$ > 0.990) were linear over the range $5-50{\mu}mol/L$ of Hcy and Met, $40-400{\mu}mol/L$ of Cys spiked in plasma. The detection limit observed by the established method was below $0.5{\mu}mol/L$. This method is highly sensitive and specific in the analysis of Hcy, Cys, and Met. Therefore, we suggest that this method is appropriate in the analysis of trace concentration of Hcy, Cys, and Met in biological fluids.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 1993

In an attempt to quantitate and qualitate residual antibiotics and antibacterial agents in meat simultaneously, we studied a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/M8) analysis. For a simultaneous analysis of penicillin G, chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol in meat, a simple and rapid clean-up procedure including extraction with 0.01 M EDTA-2Na Mcilvaine buffer (pH 4.0), defatting with n-hexane, and elution with 0.01M-methanolic oxalic acid from Bond Elute $C_{18}$ cartridge, and quantitation by selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode after derivatization was performed. The recoveries (%) of penicillin G, chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol (CV, %) at 1 ppm fortification level were 63.5 (7.6), 76.3 (8.1) and 84.7 (2.0), and the detection limits of those were 0.6, 0.085 and $0.084\;\mu\textrm{g}$ beef, respectively. This method using 81M mode allows excellent detection and quantitation of residual antibiotics and antibacterial agents in meat. Moreover, confirmation by a full scan electron impact mass spectrum is possible if residual level in the sample in above 1 ppm.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 1980

When the Hair-tail was dried in the direct sunlight, the changes of acid value, TBA value, peroxide value and fatty acid composition of its muscle were observed. The results of the observation were as follows: 1) Total content of the lipid in the fresh Hair-tai1 was 9.91%, that of saturated fatty acid was 43.3%, and that of unsaturated fatty acid was 56.7%. The TBA value, the peroxide value and acid value were slowly increased until the 4th week, then were somewhat quickly increased in the 5th week. 2) The analysis of the fatty acid composition of the fresh Hair-tail lipid by meas of G.L.C method showed the order of the content quantities such as $C_{18}\;:\;1(44.3%),$ $C_{16}(29.22%),$ $C_{16}\;:\;1(11.3%),$ $C_{14}(6.6%),$ $C_{18}(5.4%),$ $C_{17}(2%),$ $C_{17}\;:\;1(1.1%),$ $C_{18}(2%),$ were found to be a trace. 3) The content of the unsaturated fatty acid was shown to be decreased while the level of the saturated fatty acid was increased during the sun drying.