• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.678-689
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• 2022

HK shiitake mushroom mycelium (HKSMM), containing 14% β-glucan, is a health functional food ingredient approved individually for liver health by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The immune-enhancing efficacy of a 50% aqueous ethanol extract of HKSMM (designated HKSMM50) was studied in Jurkat cells activated with concanavalin A (ConA). Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) was used as a positive control. ConA-activated Jurkat cells were treated with HKSMM50 (0, 25, 50, 100 ㎍ g/ml) or AHCC (100 ㎍ g/ml), and cultured for 3 and 6 hours. The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) protein content in the cytosol and the nucleus was measured by Western blotting. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. HKSMM50 lowered NFAT content in the cytosol, but elevated NFAT content in the nucleus. The IL-2 and IFN-γ productions were elevated. Meanwhile, both COX-2 activity and apoptosis were suppressed. The efficacy of the AHCC treatment showed similar to those of HKSMM50 treatments. These results indicate that the HKSMM50 exhibited immune-enhancing effects in ConA-treated Jurkat cells by activation of NFAT protein, and suggest that HKSMM could be used as a health functional food ingredient to improve immune functions in humans.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2000

고양이 말초혈액 다형핵백혈구 (PMN)의 유주활성에 있어서 계난백유래물질 (EWD)의 면역증강 효과를 검토하였다. PMN의 유주활성은 EWD 그 자체 및 EWD로 배양한 PMN의 배양상층액에서는 활성이 존재하지 않았다. 그러나 EWD로 배양한 MNC 배양상층액에서는 PMN에 대한 유주활성이 증가되었다. 본 활성은 checkerboard assay를 통해 진성 유주활성으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 고양이 PMN 유주활성은 human recombinant interleukin-8(hr IL-8)에 의해서도 증가되었다. IL-8의 또 다른 특성인 세포 형태변형 실험에서도 EWD로 배양한 MNC의 배양상층액과 hr IL-8 모두에서 높은 수준의 세포 형태변형효과를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 EWD로 배양한 MNC의 배양상층액과 hr IL-8 모두에서 증가된 PMN의 유주활성 및 세포변형효과는 anti-human IL-8mAb에 의해 농도의존적으로 억제되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 EWD는 고양이 PMN의 유주활성에 있어서 면역증강 효과가 있으며, 이것은 EWD에의해 활성화된 MNC에서 분비되는 IL-8양 유주성 인자에 의해 PMN의 유주활성 증가 및 세포 형태 변형이 일어나는 것으로 사료되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.253-253
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• 1994

영지와 구름버섯의 원형질체 융합 균주 F-1의 배양 균사체로 부터 열수추출한 분획 Fr.I을 DEAE-cellulose ion chromatography와 gel filtration chromatography를 통하여 분획 Fr.II, III, IV,로 분리 정제하였다. Sarcoma 180에 대한 종양억제율을 검사한 결과 Fr.IV는 68.73%로 가장 우수하였으며 동계 복수암에 대한 수명 연장 효과도 140 %의 유의적인 결과를 얻었다. 면역 관련 장기의 중량에 대한 영향을 실험한 결과 정상군에 비해 간, 비장 및 흉선의 중량을 증가시켰고, 마우스 암세포에 대한 직접적인 세포독성 작용을 보이지 않았으나 면역 실험을 실시한 결과, 마우스에서 용혈반 형성세포수를 1,36배 증가시켰으며 암이식군에서 감소된 T lymphocyte활성을 정상수준까지 회복시켰고 또, macrophage의 superoxide anion 분비를 2.25배 증가시켰다. 이로써 이 항암 성분은 면역세포를 활성화시켜 항암 효과를 나타냄을 의미한다. Fr.IV히 분자량은 7.9$\times$$10^4$ dalton이고 75,57%의 다당체와 4.47%의 단백질로 이루어졌으며 그 다당체는 주로 glucase, xylose와 mannose로 구성된 heteropolysaccharide이었으며 그 단백질은 Alanine과 Valine을 위시한 15종의 아미노산을 함유하고 있음이 확인되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 1996

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Codonopsis lanceolatae Radix water extract(CLE) on immunocytes. The effect of CLE on the proliferation of thymocytes was estimated by MTT colorimetric assay, sub-population of thymocytes was estimated by laser flow cytometry, production of nitric oxide from macrophages was estimated by Griess method, and phagocytosis of human polymorphonuclear cells was estimated by lucigenin chemiluminescence. CLE increased the proliferation of thymocytes in vivo, but did not affect the proliferation of thymocytes in vitro. CLE accelerated the activation of heper T cells in thymocytes. CLE inhibited the production of nitric oxide from peritoneal macrophages, and increased the phagocytosis of human polymorphonuclear cells. These results suggest that CLE have immuno-regulatory action in vivo.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1991

The increase in alcohol consumption level has been noticed in Korea recently. Alcohol appreciably inhibits cell mediated immunity and this may contribute to the high prevalence of serious infection such as pulmonary tuberculosis among alcoholic subjects. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of ethanol on the cyclooxygenase metabolites of human monocyte in vitro. Monocytes were activated with 800 units of gamma interferon(IFN-${\gamma}$) for 3 days following apply of Ficool-hypaque density gradient and gelatin coated flasks for separation of monocytes. Ethanol with addition of 100mM, 300mM and 600 mM for 30 minutes to 106 monocytes with/without previous IFN-${\gamma}$ treatment caused a dose dependent decrease in the production of thromboxane B2, 6-keto-PGE1$\alpha$ and PGE2 by radioimmunoassay at 6 hours after ethanol treatment. Quite different from the findings after 6 hours there was dose dependent increase in three prostaglandins without IFN-${\gamma}$ treatment after 24 hours of incubation. With previous treatment of IFN-${\gamma}$ reduced productions of three prostaglandins at 24 hours than control is spite of ethanol stimjulation. These findings show that IFN-${\gamma}$ can inhibit alcohol induced derangement of arachidonic acid metabolism of monocytes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.149-154
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• 2003

The immunomodulatory activity of PJ-P, a polysaccharide fraction extracted from Paeonia japonica, were reported in our previous paper. In the present study, we investigated that PJ-P inhibited cancer growth through activation of macrophages. The activities of peritoneal macrophage to induce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin-1 (IL-1)$\beta$, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) as well as to ingest fluorescence-latex microbeads were enhanced by treatment of PJ-P. Direct cytocidal activity of PJ-P against cancer cells was not shown. However, in vitro, peritoneal macrophages treated with PJ-P had an activity to kill cancer cells. Furthermore, PJ-P significantly prolonged the survival of mice implanted intraperitoneally with B16F0 mel-anoma cells. These results suggest that PJ-P could be a useful immunomodulator and assistant of anti-tumor agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.356-364
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• 2024

Lymph nodes (LNs) are crucial sites where immune responses are initiated to combat invading pathogens in the body. LNs are organized into distinctive compartments by stromal cells. Stromal cell subsets constitute special niches supporting the trafficking, activation, differentiation, and crosstalk of immune cells in LNs. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) are a type of stromal cell that form the three-dimensional structure networks of the T cell-rich zones in LNs, providing guidance paths for immigrating T lymphocytes. FRCs imprint immune responses by supporting LN architecture, recruiting immune cells, coordinating immune cell crosstalk, and presenting antigens. During inflammation, FRCs exert both spatial and molecular regulation on immune cells through their topological and secretory responses, thereby steering immune responses. Here, we propose a model in which FRCs regulate immune responses through a three-part scheme: setting up, supporting, or suppressing immune responses. FRCs engage in bidirectional interactions that enhance T cell biological efficiency. In addition, FRCs have profound effects on the innate immune response through phagocytosis. Thus, FRCs in LNs act as gatekeepers of immune responses. Overall, this study aims to highlight the emerging roles of FRCs in controlling both innate and adaptive immunity. This collaborative feedback loop mediated by FRCs may help maintain tissue function during inflammatory responses.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2003

목적 : 본 연구는 염증유발 내독소인 LPS 자극을 통한 면역 스트레스에 대한 약침의 치료효과와 기전을 알아보기 위해 설계되었다. LPS를 통한 염증반응은 다양한 기전을 통해 이루어지는 데 특히, 산화질소(NO)를 생성하는 효소인 iNOS의 활성은 시상하부에서 NO의 생성을 촉진함으로써 염증반응을 발현시키는 중요한 역할을 하는데 약침이 LPS로 인해 활성화된 iNOS의 발현에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 실험방법 : 흰쥐에 LPS를 투여하고 2시간 경과한 후 약침 (소염방, 대한약침학회)을 경혈 (합곡, 족삼리)에 좌,우 각각 0.2cc 씩 피하 투여하고 RT-PCR 방법을 통하여 면역활성에 중요한 역할을 하는 시상하부에서의 iNOS의 mRNA 발현을 알아 보았다. 실험결과 : LPS 투여로 인하여 증가하였던 iNOS mRNA가 약침치료를 통해 현저하게 감소하였다. 그러나 비경혈점 (미추부위 임의혈)에 약침을 투여한 군 경혈점에 생리식염수를 투여한 군에서는 iNOS mRNA 가 감소하지 않았다. 이는 약침이 LPS를 투여한 흰쥐의 시상하부에서 iNOS의 mRNA 발현에 조절작용을 가지고 있는 것을 보여주는 결과로 약침이 면역활성에 중요한 역할을 하는 NO의 생성을 억제함으로써 면역 스트레스에 치료효과를 나타내는 것으로 보여진다. 결론 : 본 연구는 약침치료가 면역반응의 중추기관인 시상하부에서 면역반응의 중요한 조절인자인 NO의 생성을 조절하는 기전을 통해 그 치료효과를 나타내는 것을 밝혔고 더 나아가 약침에 대한 현대과학적 연구에 중요한 발판을 마련했다는 점에서 그 의의를 가지고 있다고 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.278.2-278.2
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.399-405
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• 2010

Rosa rugosa has been used as a folk medicine with various pharmacological properties for a long time in Asia. Recently, it has been reported that the extract of fractions from different parts of Rosa rugosa have various pharmacological effects on diverse diseases including diabetes, inflammatory diseases and tumor. We investigated effects of fructus extracts of Rosa rugosa(RRF) and semen extracts of this herb(RRS) on macrophage to evaluate the possibilities as a biological response modifier. We showed increased effects on tumoricidal activity, phagocytic activity, TNF-$\alpha$ and NO production in RRF-treated groups without direct tumor cell cytotoxicity. RRS-treated groups increased direct tumor cell cytotoxicity at high dose without tumoricial activity except increasing of TNF-$\alpha$ release. These results provide further possibilities for the beneficial immunomodulating effects of RRF on immune system with relatively larger safety margin rather than RRS.