• Title/Summary/Keyword: 면역 기능

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Induction of Apoptosis and G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest by Cordycepin in Human Prostate Carcinoma LNCap Cells (Cordycepin에 의한 LNCap 인체 전립선 암세포의 apoptosis 및 G2/M arrest 유발)

  • Lee, Hye Hyeon;Hwang, Won Deok;Jeong, Jin-Woo;Park, Cheol;Han, Min Ho;Hong, Su Hyun;Jeong, Yong Kee;Choi, Yung Hyun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.92-97
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    • 2014
  • Cordycepin, an active component originally isolated from the traditional medicine Cordyceps militaris, is a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine, which has been shown to possess a number of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, immunological stimulation, and antitumor effects. This study was conducted on cultured human prostate carcinoma LNCap cells to elucidate the possible mechanisms by which cordycepin exerts its anticancer activity, which, until now, has remained poorly understood. Cordycepin treatment of LNCap cells resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and the induction of apoptotic cell death as detected by an MTT assay, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and annexin V-FITC staining. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that cordycepin resulted in G2/M arrest in cell cycle progression and downregulation of cyclin B1 and cyclin A expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the incubation of cells with cordycepin caused a striking induction in the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1 without affecting the expression of the tumor suppressor p53. It also resulted in a significant increase in the binding of CDK2 and CDC2 to p21. These findings suggest that cordycepin-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma cells is mediated through p53-independent upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21.

Effect of pear extracts containing herbal medicine(Lycii Fructus, Coicis Semen, Alimatis Rhizoma and Astragali Radix) on body weight, lipid metabolism and immune responses in rats fed high fat diets (II) (배추출물과 구기자, 의이인, 택사, 황기 추출물 배합이 고지방식이로 유발된 비만 백서의 체중, 지질대사, 염증 및 면역기능에 미치는 영향 (II))

  • Kim, Wang-In;Youn, Dae-Hwan;Kim, Hwang-Gon;Na, Chang-Su
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2012
  • Objectives : This study was conducted to 9% compared with the previous experimental obesity-induced metabolic function in rats that it was a mixture of pear extract and herbal drugs(Lycii Fructus, Coicis Semen, Alimatis Rhizoma and Astragali Radix) on high fat diet-induce obesity rats. Methods : The animals were used in male rats. Control group fed high-fat diet only. Experimental groups were divided four, ExpI group was fed high-fat diet with a mixture pear extract and Lycii Fructus 9%, Exp II group was fed high-fat diet with a mixture pear extract and Coicis Semen 9%, Exp III group was fed high-fat diet with a mixture pear extract and Alimatis Rhizoma 9%, and Exp IV group was fed high-fat diet with a mixture pear extract and Astragali Radix 9% for 4 weeks. Results : The body weight gain increased in all groups, but attenuated gradually in the experimental groups compared to the control group. The food intakes were significantly lower in all Exp groups than the control group. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, and free fatty acid were significantly lower in Exp II than in the control group. Also the concentration of serum free fatty acid was significantly lower in the Exp IV group than in the control group. In inflammatory activities, the Exp II, IV group was significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion : The results indicated that Exp I group (administered a mixture of pear extract and Lycii Fructus) reduced fat accumulation, body weight and the highest elevated lipid metabolism, while the Exp II group (administered the mixture of pear extract and Coicis Semen) and Exp IV group (administered the mixture of pear extract and Astragali Radix) had the highest elevated immune activity.

Evaluation of Phototoxicity for Cosmetics and Alternative Method (화장품 광독성 평가와 동물대체시험법)

  • Lee, Jong-Kwon;Sin, Ji-Soon;Kim, Jin-Ho;Eom, Jun-Ho;Kim, Hyung-Soo;Park, Kui-Lea
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.31 no.3 s.52
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    • pp.245-251
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    • 2005
  • Safety is one of the key issue in the regulation of cosmetics. Cosmetic Act deals with it in Korea. The guidance for the testing cosmetic ingredients and their safety evaluation are prepared by Korea Food and Drug Administration. Ultraviolet radiation could Induce skin damage, edema, erythema, photoaging, immune dysfunction and skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation is classified as Group 2A(probably carcinogenic to humans) by International Agenry for Reaserch on Cancer(IARC). The in vitro methodologies for evaluating the toxic potential of ingredients reported in the literature have not yet been sufficiently validated for use in areas other than the study for mutagenicity/genotoxicity, for pre-screening for severe irritancy, for screening of phototoxicity and for evaluating the percutaneous absorption. The 3T3 neutral red uptake photoxicity test (3T3 NRU PT) was accepted as OECD toxicity guideline in 2002. The 3T3 NRU PT is an in vitro method based on a comparison of the cytotoxicitv of a chemical when tested in the presence and in the absence of exposure to a non-cytotoxic dose of UVA/visible light.

Effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 on Cell Adhesion, Surface Molecule Expression and Morphological Changes (Ginsenoside Rb1의 세포간 유착, 세포표면 단백질 발현 및 세포형태변화에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Byung-Hun;Cho, Jae-Youl
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.330-336
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    • 2009
  • Cell-cell adhesion managed by various adhesion molecules is known to be one of important phenomena found in numerous immunological responses or diseases such as immunostimulation, rheumatoid arthritis and allergic diseases. In this study, we examined the regulatory role of ginsenosides (G)-Rb1, reported to display immunostimulatory and anticancer effects, on cell adhesion, the up-regulation of surface adhesion molecules and morphological changes using monocytic U937 and macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. G-Rb1 significantly up-regulated U937 cell-cell adhesion mediated by both CD29 and CD43. It also enhanced U937 cell-fibronectin adhesion, while CD29 blocking antibody P5D2 strongly suppressed it. In agreement, this compound also significantly increased the surface level of CD29 as well as CD43. Furthermore, this compound differentially modulated CD82 up-regulation and morphological changes triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Therefore, these results suggest that G-Rb1 may have differential modulatory function on cell adhesion events, surface molecule expression and morphological changes responsible for immune responses.

Effects of AEBSF on the Delay of Spontaneous Apoptosis and the Trans-Differentiation of Human Neutrophils into Dendritic Cells (Serine pretease 억제제인 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzensulfonylfluoride (AEBSF)에 의한 호중구의 자연 세포사멸의 지연과 수지상 세포로의 전이분화 연구)

  • Park, Hae-Young;Kwak, Jong-Young
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.17 no.7 s.87
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    • pp.948-955
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    • 2007
  • Neutrophils play a key role as a first line of defense and are known to acquire the characteristics of dendritic cells (DCs) under the appropriate conditions. The spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils was delayed by treatment with 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzensulfonylfluoride (AEBSF), a serine protease inhibitor. AEBSF inhibited both caspase-3 and serine protease activities, whereas ZVAD-fmk, a pancaspase inhibitor, inhibited only caspase-3 activity. The life span of neutrophils was prolonged up to 5 days by AEBSF in the presence or absence of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(CM-CSF). DC surface markers, such as CD80, CD83, and MHC class ll were not expressed on neutrophils treated with AEBSF alone. CM-CSF failed to prolong the survival time of neutrophils up to3 days but increased the expression levels of DC markers on neutrophils in the presence of AEBSF. Expression levels of DC markers were the highest on neutrophils treated with CM-CSF and AEBSF for 3 days. AEBSF and CM-CSF-treated neutrophils stimulated proliferation of T cells in the presence of a superantigen, Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) but produced $interferon-{\gamma}$ ($IFN{\gamma}$) in the absence of SEB. These results suggest that the inhibition of serine protease activity prolonged the life span of human neutrophils and combined treatment of neukophils with CM-CSF and serine protease inhibitor induced differentiation of neutrophils into DC-like cells.

Wnt7b is Upregulated in Macrophages during Thymic Regeneration and Negatively Regulated by RANKL (흰쥐 가슴샘 재생과정 동안 대식세포에서 Wnt 7b의 발현증가 및 RANKL에 의한 발현조절)

  • Kim, Jong-Gab;Kim, Sung-Min;Kim, Bong-Seon;Kim, Jae-Bong;Yoon, Sik;Bae, Soo-Kyung
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.17 no.7 s.87
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    • pp.923-930
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    • 2007
  • Thymus can regenerate to its normal mass within 14 days after acute involution induced by cyclophosphamide (CY) in adult rat. Despite the established role of Wnt pathways in the process of thymus development, they have not yet been associated with the regeneration of adult thymus. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Wnt7b, which is expressed in developing thymic epithelial cells rather than in thymocytes, is modulated during thymic regeneration in adult rat. Here, we show that Wnt7b expression was up-regulated in the regenerating thymus. Cells immunolabeled for the Wnt7b were identified as macrophages. Furthermore, Wnt7b gene expression was decreased by the treatment of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL). Taken together, our results demonstrate that Wnt7b gene expression was increased in macrophages during thymic regeneration and negatively regulated by RANKL.

The Comprehension of Composition, Diversity, Related Diseases, and Treatment of the Gut Microbiome in Companion Dogs: Friend or Foe? (반려견 장내미생물의 조성, 다양성, 관련 질환 및 치료에 대한 이해: 친구인가 적인가?)

  • Choi, Jeonghyun;Hong, Yonggeun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.30 no.11
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    • pp.1021-1032
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    • 2020
  • Numbers of companion animals and people rearing them are increasing in developed countries. As a result, businesses related to companion animals are becoming more advanced and specialized. Dogs have been cohabiting with humans as companions (pets) for thousands of years and, as a result, eat carbohydrate-rich foods similar to humans and maintain lives similar to their owners. Tight bonds between dogs and their owners are formed by sharing similar lifestyles, including a dwelling and food. Owners are responsible for their pets and treat them with emotional stability. Pets depend on their owners, although the food situation can cause stress. Since pet dogs are carnivorous in nature, providing pet dogs with a nutritionally balanced diet and functional materials is important for a healthy gut microbiome. Recently, the gut microbiota has become a research focus because it is associated with protection from harmful pathogens and immune regulation while maintaining physiological homeostasis. An abnormal gut microbiota is related to pathogenic processes and various gut, metabolic, mental, and neurological diseases. Additionally, pet dogs at risk of disease affect the health of their owners. Therefore, this review discusses the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of dogs and the relationships between the gut microbiota and diseases.

Effect of Ephedrae Herba on Immunomodulatory Activity in Lipopolysaccharide-Exposed Rats and Raw 264.7 Cells (마황이 LPS투여 흰쥐의 면역조절능에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Eun
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.431-437
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    • 2009
  • To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Ephedrae Herba in vivo and in vitro acute inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) shock in rats fed Ephedrae Herba extracts and inflammatory cytokine concentrations were examined. In addition, the effect of Ephedrae Herba extracts on the production of inflammatory cytokines was examined in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. In an in vivo experiment, plasma interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) concentrations were increased at 2 h and reached to maximal levels at 5 h after LPS treatment in all groups. Compared with control group, plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ levels were lowered at 5 h after LPS treatment, but plasma IL-10 level was higher in at 2 and 5 h after LPS treatment in Ephedrae Herba extract group. In an in vitro experiment using Raw 264.7 macrophages, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ concentrations in the Ephedrae Herba extract group were lower than those in control group. Compared with control group, IL-10 concentration appeared to be higher in the Ephedrae Herba extract group, but this trend was not significant. In conclusion, these results suggested that functional compound (s) in Ephedrae Herba extract may play a role in alleviating inflammatory response.

Study on Biological Activities of Adventitious Roots Cultured from Echinacea angustifolia (에키네시아 조직 배양체 추출물의 생리활성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Chang-Min;Joung, Min-Seok;Ko, Du-Jin;Paek, Kee-Yoeup;Choi, Jong-Wan
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.219-226
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    • 2011
  • The Echinacea, which has been commonly known as a species of composite herb of dicotyledonous plant, has been used in native American traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases like colds or other infections in North America. We artificially cultured the adventitious roots of Echinacea angustifolia using the bioreactor culture system from Echinacea angustifolia and evaluated the efficacy as a cosmetic ingredient for skin care. Several studies previously have reported neogenesis, wound healing and inflammatory inhibition effect of Echinacea angustifolia but other efficacies were not well known. In the present study, we investigated the cosmetic efficacy to know applicable value of adventitious roots cultured from Echinacea angustifolia as a cosmetic ingredient. The adventitious roots extract of Echinacea angustifolia has superior anti-oxidant effect and matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitory effect, compared to natural Echinacea angustifolia. These results indicate that the adventitious roots extract cultured from Echinacea angustifolia presents a new possibility of being applicable to skin care and anti-wrinkle products as a cosmetic ingredient.

Cordycepin Inhibits Migration and Invasion of HCT116 Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells by Tightening of Tight Junctions and Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity (Cordycepin의 치밀결합 강화 및 MMPs의 활성 억제를 통한 HCT116 인체대장암세포의 이동성 및 침윤성의 억제)

  • Jeong, Jin Woo;Choi, Yung Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.86-92
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    • 2014
  • Cordycepin is the major functional component of Cordyceps species and is widely used in traditional oriental medicine. Cordycepin has been shown to possess many pharmacological properties, such as enhancement of immune function along with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-cancer effects. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of cordycepin on cell migration and invasion, which are two critical cellular processes that are often deregulated during metastasis, using HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. According to our data, cordycepin at non-cytotoxic concentrations markedly inhibited the motility and invasiveness of HCT116 cells in a time-dependent manner. RT-PCR and Western blotting results indicated that cordycepin reduced the levels of claudin proteins, which are major components of tight junctions (TJs), and induced tightening of TJs. Cordycepin also attenuated the expression and activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9, whereas levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-1 and -2 were simultaneously elevated. These findings suggest that cordycepin reduces the migration and invasion of HCT116 cells by modulating the activities of TJs and MMPs.