• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2000

Purpose : To determine the role of cytokines in the apoptosis of rat's liver following irradiation. Materials and Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated to entire body with a single dose of 8 Gy. The rats were divided Into 5 groups according to the sacrlfice day after irradiation. The liver and blood after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days irradiation were sampled for evaluation of mechanism of apoptosis and role of cytokine in relation to radiation-induced tissue damage. The study was composed of microscopic evaluation of liver tissue, in situ detection method for apoptosis, immunohistochemical stain of IL-1, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF, bioassay and radioimmunoassay of IL-6 in liver tissue and blood. Results : Radiation-induced liver damage was noted from first day of radiation, and most severe parenchymal damage associated with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells was seen in the groups of 5 days after radiation. A number of apoptosis were observed 1 day after radiation on both light microscope and in situ method. Afterwards, the number of apoptosis was gradually diminished. On immunohistochemical study, IL-1 and TNF were expressed 1, 3 days after radiation, but not expressed after that. IL-4 was not expressed in the entire groups. IL-6 was expressed with strong positivity in 1, 3 days after radiation. Bioassay and RIA of IL-6 in liver tissue and blood showed the highest value in 1 day after radiation, and the value is diminished after then. Conclusion. Apoptosis seemed to be the important mechanism of radiation-induced liver damage, and is possibly induced by the release of cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF in view the simultaneously increased appearance of pooptosis and cytokines.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.125-129
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• 1997

Purpose: The aim of this study was to find correlation between the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MR findings in the brain glioma. Materials and Methods: MR features including edema, margin, necrosis, heterogeneity, hemorrhage and contrast enhancement were retrospectively analyzed with preoperative MR images in 41 patients with proven brain gliomas (8 low grade astrocytomas, 12 anaplastic astrocytomas, 21 glioblastoma multiformes). Immunohistochemical study of EGFR was done and their expressions were graded by both stained distribution and intensity. Correlation analysis between the MR features and EGFR expressions was done. Results: Peritumoral edema was correlated with both distribution (r=0.71, p=0.00) and stain intensity (r=0.69, p=0.00) of EGFR expression. Other MR features showed no statistical correlation with EGFR expression. Conclusion: MRI is useful in evaluation of brain glioma, and peritumoral edema is useful finding that suggests EGFR expression as well as malignant histopathologic grade of the tumor.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 2005

Purpose: The expression of apoptosis-related genes, such as survivin, bcl-2, and bax has been examined in the human osteosarcoma and then evaluated the correlation with clinical data of patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty human osteosarcoma specimens were established from incisional biopsy and examination of survivin, bcl-2, and bax by immunohistochemical study was performed. We investigated the correlation of survivin, bcl-2, bax and their two or three combined expressions with clinical data including the response of chemotherapy, local recurrence, distance metastasis, and oncologic outcome. Results: Survivin was showed in 26 cases (52%), bcl-2 in 23 cases (46%), and bax in 21 cases (42%) osteosarcoma. And coexpression of survivin and bcl-2 was showed in 19 cases (38%), survivin and bax in 13 cases (26%), bcl-2 and bax in 8 cases (16%), and all three expression was showed in 8 cases (16%). There was no correlation between their apoptosis related gene and histologic difference, the presence of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Whereas neoadjuvant chemotherapy response correlated with bcl-2 expression (P=0.04), and survivin and bcl-2 coexpression (P=0.044) with poor chemoresponse. The rate of died of disease was correlated with bcl-2 (P=0.001), survivin and bcl-2 coexpression (P=0.027) with bad outcome. Survival curves of bcl-2 (P=0.0075), survivin and bcl-2 (P=0.0012) was showed negative correlation in the Kaplan-Meier method. Conclusion: The apoptosis related gene expression was relatively high in osteosarcoma, bcl-2 expression was correlated with poor chemotherapy response and poor survival rate, but survivin was correlated with this oncologic outcome only in the bcl-2 coexpression. The examination of immunohistochemical stain of apoptosis related gene in osteosarcoma could be helpful in the judgment of osteosarcoma prognosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.804-811
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• 2013

Melanopsin is an opsin-like photopigment found in the small proportion of photosensitive ganglion cells of the retina. It is involved in the regulation of the synchronization of the circadian cycle as well as in the control of pupillary light reflex. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether melanopsin is also expressed in the other areas of the central visual system outside the retina. We have studied the distribution and morphology of neurons containing melanopsin in the mouse visual cortex with antibody immunocytochemistry. Melanopsin immunoreactivity was mostly present in neuronal soma, but not in nuclei. We found that melanopsin was present in a large subset of neurons within the adult mouse visual cortex with the highest density in layer II/III. In layer I of the visual cortex, melanopsin-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were rarely encountered. In the mouse visual cortex, the majority of the melanopsin-IR neurons consisted of round/oval cells, but was varied in morphology. Vertical fusiform and pyramidal cells were also rarely labeled with the anti-melanopsin antibody. The labeled cells did not show any distinctive distributional pattern. Some melanopsin-IR neurons in mouse visual cortex co-localized with nitricoxide synthase, calbindin and parvalbumin. Our data indicate that melanopsin is located in specific neurons and surprisingly widespread in visual cortex. This finding raises the need of the functional study of melanopsin in central visual areas outside the retina.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.4 s.81
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• pp.433-440
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate osteonectin expression patterns in cleft palate compare to normal palate rats. We used 4 pregnant rats, and beta-aminoproprionitrile was oral dose to rat according to 1g/kg body weight at gestation days 13 to induce cleft palate. Total 6 fetus was got with cleft formed, then 3 fetus was used for immunohistostain and 3 fetus was used for western blot analysis. Expression patterns of osteonectin in mesenchymal cells of cleft palate was more dilute to mesenchymal cells of normal palate with immnunohistostain, and width and length of band of maxilla in cleft palate was more thin than maxilla of normal palate with western blot study.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.256-261
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• 2004

Ewing's sarcoma is rarely foundoccurs in the bones of the hands and feet. We report a case of Ewing's sarcoma of the left calcaneus in a 15-year-old girl who complained of left heel pain and swelling. An open biopsy was performed and histological examination showed the proliferation of uniform small round cells. Immunohistochemical staining for CD99 showed diffuse strong positivity in the cytoplasmic membrane of the tumor cells. After preoperative chemotherapy, a below knee amputation was performed.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.161-169
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• 2008

Purpose: To better understand the corneal regeneration after alkali burn regarding the initial clinical progression and the therapy, we investigated the changes of the multi factors following chemical injury in cornea. Methods: This study was performed to observation on the healing process of alkali burned cornea in aspect of immunohistochemistry by immunofluorescence or H-E staining and TUNEL assay. Results: The results showed that although a healing process occurred after alkali burn, apoptosis of epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells in the cornea was continuously observed. Neovascularization and expression of ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}$-SMA) from limbus and from injured cornea, respectively, were observed after 3 days of alkali burn. Formation of collagen III in corneal stroma and increased expression of chondroitin sulfate are coincident with expression of ${\alpha}$-SMA and transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$). Conclusions: These data suggest that medical treatment within 3 days of alkali burn will be effective to inhibit neovascularization and formation of collagen III and chondroitin sulfate. This study extends our immumohistochemical understanding of healing process in alkali burned cornea, and the results get in this study will be cornerstones in the development of therapeutic agent for accelerating renewal of chemical damaged cornea.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2008

It is recognized that Schwann cells (SC) are essential for peripheral nerve development and regeneration. SIS (small intestinal submucosa) consists of some growth factors which can stimulate cell activity without immune rejection responges. SCs were harvested from the femurs and tibias of female Fischer rat and then suspended with $2{\times}10^6$ cell/sponge in SIS sponge. Fischer rat received an implant consisting of the SCs and the SIS sponge at the place of a 5 mm gap created by the sciatic nerve resection. Thin sections were stained with H &E staining and immunostaining of S-100, GFAP and NF after 1, 2, and 4 weeks. It was observed that the effects of the SIS sponge with SCs on neuroinduction(Group II, with scaffold & cell) are strong as much as uninjured model(Control I), and significantly stronger than SIS sponge model (Group 1, with scaffold only) and blank model (Control II). In conclusion, these results suggest that SIS sponge filled with SCs may have an important role for peripheral nerve regeneration of tissue engineering.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.140-156
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• 2007

This research was performed to investigate the morphological changes of folliculus ovary according to the radiation dose. The whole body radiation of 200 cGy, 400 cGy, and 600 cGy was given to the each groups of 5 months-aged female mouse. Various staining methods used in this research are: Hematosylin-Eosin method, and immunohistochemistrical methods using BrdU, TUNEL, p53, p21, PCNA and inhibin. The minute structural changes of folliculus ovary were observed through an electron microscope with high magnification. The morphological changes of growing folliculus ovary became distinct as the dose of X-rays increased. Especially, the nuclei of granular cells showed manifest condensation and the changes of the transparent zone were distinct. As a result of histochemical reaction according to Masson's trichrome method and reticular fiber method, the changed granular cells, the deformed basilar membrane of folliculus ovary and the abnormal arrangement of the reticular fiber were observed. In the reaction of BrdU, the granular cells of normal folliculus ovary with positive reaction rapidly decreased according to the increase of the dose of X-rays. In TUNEL study, granular cells showing positive reaction in retarded folliculus ovary were expanded to growing folliculus ovary and primordial folliculus ovary according to the increase of the dose of X-rays. In case of 600 cGy of X-rays, oocyte underwent apoptosis. In p53 immunohistochemistry, p53 manifested to be stronger as the dose of X-rays increased. p53 reactivity was manifested distinctively in all cells comprising folliculus ovary following irradiation of 600 cGy. p21 was manifested in granular cells of folliculus ovary and showed very positive reaction around follicular antrum according to the increase of the dose of X-rays. In PCNA, positive reaction was manifested in growing folliculus ovary, mature folliculus ovary and primordial folliculus ovary, but the extent of the reaction decreased as the dose of the X-rays decreased. The finding that the reaction of granular cells around folliculus ovary was stronger than that near follicular membrane indicates that what was damaged first by X-ray was the cells near folliculus ovary and follicular antrum. The reactivity of $inhibin-{\alpha}$ showed difference according to the growing stage of folliculus ovary: $inhibin-{\alpha}$ showed the most strong reaction in mature folliculus ovary with follicular antrum. There was strong reaction in granular cells around follicular membrane but $inhibin-{\alpha}$ did not occur at all in theca cells comprising follicular membrane. $Inhibin-{\alpha}$ in ovary tissue exposed to 400 cGy of X-rays was manifested more strongly than in ovary tissue exposed to 600 cGy of X-rays, which was related to the phenomenon that granular cells of mature folliculus ovary underwent necrosis or apoptosis increasingly due to X-rays. In an electron microscope with high magnification, nuclei and protoplasm of granular cells in growing folliculus ovary abruptly underwent minute structural changes according to the increase of dose of X-rays. Cell residue, by-product of cell decease, neutrophil and macrophage around follicular antrum were observed. The minute structural changes in granular cells showed typical characteristics of apoptosis: the increase of electronic density due to nuclear condensation, fragmentation of nuclei and atrophy of protoplasm. Necrosis of cells was identified but it was not so remarkable. Macrophage with apoptotic bodies was scattered. Proportional to the radiation dose, we found that the generation of heterogeneous substance of normal ovary texture's follicular fluid, the emergence of dyeing characteristic in the basilar membrane of folicle, the generation of apoptosis, and the transformation of macrophages, etc. From this results, we can infer the possible radiation hazard on the ovary of cervix cancer patient with radiation therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 2002

C-fos는 원종양유전자(proto-oncogene)인 v-fos의 세포 동족체로써, 성장인자나 신경전달 물질에 의해 수분 내에 다양한 형태의 세포에서 활성화된다. Fos단백질은 스트레스와 통증 과정의 신호전달기전에서 세포활동을 조절하는 3차전령으로 활동한다. 열충격 단백질(Heat shock protein : 이하 HSP)은 계통발생학적으로 초기 척추 동물에서부터 발현되며 생체방어체계의 중요한 인자로 세포가 고열, 외상, 허혈 등의 스트레스에 직면했을 때 발현이 증가하는 단백질로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 캡사이신(capsaicin)으로 말초 신경병변을 유발시킨 후 통각신경활성의 지표로 이용되는 원종양 유전자인 c-fos의 발현과 열 또는 스트레스로 야기되는 손상에 대한 조직의 방어작용으로 발현되는 HSP 70의 발현을 동시에 관찰함으로서, 급성으로 유발된 말초 신경병변의 확인과 동시에 실험동물 체내에서 방어적인 역할을 밝히는 일환으로 이 실험을 실시하였다. 본 실험의 결과는 다음과 같다; 1. 척수 등쪽뿔 천층(Laminae I and II)에서 각각 c-fos와 HSP70을 항원으로 하는 면역조직화학적 방법으로 염색한 표본에서 0.9% NaCI 투여 2시간 후 c-fos와 HSP70의 양성을 나타내는 세포는 전혀 없음을 알 수 있었다. 2. 척수 등쪽뿔 천층에서 c-fos 단백질을 항원으로 하는 면역조직화학적 방법으로 염색한 표본에서 Capsaicin 투여 2시간 후 c-fos 단백질에 양성을 나타내는 세포가 많이 발현됨을 육안적 관찰로서 알 수 있었다. 3. 척수 등쪽뿔 천층에서 HSP70을 항원으로 하는 면역조직화확적 방법으로 염색한 표본에서 Capsaicin 투여 2시간 후 HSP7O의 양성을 나타내는 세포가 보통수준으로 발현됨을 육안적 관찰로서 알 수 있었다. 이 실험의 결과로 볼 때, 화학적인 신경병변 유발물질에 의한 손상을 방어하기 위해서 체내에는 내인성 물질이 형성될 것이라는 추측과 c-fos 가 다른 유전자의 발현을 유도한다는 점을 함께 고려 하였을때, Capsaicin에 의한 말초 신경병변에서 c-fos 발현이 많이 나타나는 것은 손상을 방어하는 물질의 생성에 관여하기 때문이며, 방어물질 중 이 실험에서 본 HSP70도 증가한 내인성 방어물질의 하나라고 할 수 있을 것이다.