• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.1049-1052
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• 2009

This paper develop a intelligent personal emergency call system using the wireless sensor network to resolve that a portable problem of established emergency call system. The proposed system is composed of a transmitter nodes for individuals, routing nodes for multihop communications, and a server part. The transmitters for patients are monitored for both low battery and operational status. The transmitters provide location of the person activating an emergency call using RSSI. The efficacy of the proposed system is verified by means of experiments. Experimental results are presented that show the effectiveness.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.1A
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• pp.73-81
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• 2011

IEEE 802.11 PHY and MAC layer provide multiple channels and data rates. To improve the performance of IEEE 802.11 multi-radio ad hoc networks, it is required to utilize available channels and data rates efficiently. However, in IEEE 802.11 multi-rate networks, the rate anomaly (RA) problem occurs that the network performance is severely degraded as low-rate links affect high-rate links. Hence, in this paper, we propose a model-based rate separation (MRS) algorithm that uses multiple channels to separate different data rate links so that the RA problem is mitigated. MRS algorithm utilizes an existing throughput model that estimates the throughput of IEEE 802.11 single-hop networks to separate low-rate links and high-rate links. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the MRS algorithm shows improved network performance compared with existing algorithms in multi-radio ad hoc networks.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.2A
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• pp.134-141
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a scheduling algorithm to improve the performance of IEEE 802.16 based wireless mesh networks using directional antenna. The performance is presented in terms of throughput of system and delay between each node by varying number of users. The result show that proposed scheduling algorithm improving the performance by reducing the delay of mesh network system. Our work may be useful as a guideline to control the fairness between SSs for multi-hop systems such as multi-hop relay and mesh networks.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.6A
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• pp.506-514
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• 2009

To minimize energy consumption, most of MAC Protocols in WSNs exploit low duty cycling. Among those, RMAC [4] allows a node to transmit a data packet for multiple hops in a single duty cycle, which is made possible by exploiting a control frame named Pioneer (PION) in setting up the path. In this paper, we present a MAC Protocol called Hop Extended MAC (HE-MAC) that transmits the data packet for more multiple hops in a single duty cycle. It employs an EXP (Explorer) frame to set up the multiple hop transmission, which contains the information of the maximum hop that a packet can be transmitted. With the use of the information in EXP and an internal state of Ready to Receive (RTR), HEMAC extends the relay of the packet beyond the termination of the data period by two more hops compared to RMAC. Along with our proposed adaptive sleeping method, it also reduces power consumption and handles heavy traffic efficiently without experiencing packet inversion observed in RMAC. We analytically obtain the packet delivery latency in HE-MAC and evaluate the performance through ns-2 simulations. Compared to RMAC, HE-MAC achieves 14% less power consumption and 20% less packet delay on average for a random topology of 300 nodes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.2A
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• pp.114-126
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• 2011

Video streaming over wireless multi-hop networks(WMNs) contains the following challenges from channel fading and variable bandwidth of wireless channel, and it cause degradation of video streaming performance. To overcome the challenges, currently, WMNs can use Forward Error Correction (FEC) mechanism. In WMNs, traditional FEC schemes, E2E-FEC and HbH-FEC, for video streaming are applied, but it has long transmission delay, high computational complexity and inefficient usage of resource. Also, to distinguish network status in streaming path, it has limitation. In this paper, we propose monitoring-based coordination of network-adaptive hop-to-end(H2E) FEC scheme. To enable proposed scheme, we apply a centralized coordinator. The coordinator has observing overall monitoring information and coordinating H2E-FEC mechanism. Main points of H2E-FEC is distinguishing operation range as well as selecting FEC starting node and redundancy from monitored results in coordination. To verify the proposed scheme, we perform extensive experiment over the OMF(Orbit Measurement Framework) and IEEE 802.1la-based multi-hop WMN testbed, and we carry out performance improvement, 17%, from performance comparison by existing FEC scheme.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.9 s.351
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• pp.165-174
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a new contention window control algorithm to increase TCP performance in wireless multi-hop networks. The new contention window control algorithm is suggested to reduce the hidden and exposed terminal problems of wireless multi-hop networks. Most of packet drops in wireless multi-hop networks results from hidden and exposed terminal problems, not from collisions. However, in normal DCF algorithm a failed user increases its contention window exponentially, thus it reduces the success probability of fined nodes. This phenomenon causes burst data transmissions in a particular node that already was successful in packet transmission, because the success probability increases due to short contention window. However, other nodes that fail to transmit packet data until maximum retransmission attempts try to set up new routing path configuration in network layer, which cause TCP performance degradation and restrain seamless data transmission. To solve these problems, the proposed algorithm increases the number of back-of retransmissions to increase the success probability of MAC transmission, and fixes the contention window at a predetermined value. By using ns-2 simulation for the chain and grid topology, we show that the proposed algorithm enhances the TCP performance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.3A
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• pp.287-295
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• 2010

In wireless sensor networks(WSNs), the studies that support sink mobility without global position information exploit a Backbone-based Virtual Infrastructure (BVI) which considers one-hop clusters and a backbone-based tree. Since the clusters of a sink and a source node are connected via flooding into the infrastructure, it causes high routing cost. Although the network could reduce the number of clusters via multi-level clusters, if the source nodes exist at nearest clusters from the cluster attached by the sink and they are in different branches of the tree, the data should be delivered via detour paths on the tree. Therefore, to reduce the number of clusters, we propose a novel multi-hop cluster based communication protocol supporting sink mobility without global position information. We exploit a rendezvous cluster head for sink location service and data dissemination but the proposed protocol effectively reduces data detour via comparing cluster hops from the source. Simulation shows that the proposed protocol is superior to the existing protocols in terms of the data delivery hop counts.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.40-48
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• 2008

미래의 광대역 무선망은 고주파수의 대역을 사용하여 신호의 감쇠가 높고, 높은 multi-path fading효과를 가지므로 전력제어가 필요하고 사용자에게 넓은 대역폭을 제공할 것으로 예측한다. 이를 위해 셀의 크기가 줄게 되고 BS의 수가 증가하여 네트워크 설치비용도 증가하게 될 것이다. 무선 메쉬 네트워크는 이런 문제를 해결하여 망구축과 운영을 쉽게 하고 영역 확장과 용량 확장을 유연하게 하며 저비용의 무선 bakhaul로 높은 신뢰성을 제공하는 특성을 가진다. 무선 메쉬 네트워크는 노드와 노드간의 무선 멀티-홉 통신을 이용하여 끊김 없는 연속적인 연결을 제공하는 네트워크 기술이다. 이 기술은 메쉬 라우터와 메쉬 클라이언트라는 노드로 구성되며 각 노드는 라우터인 동시에 호스트로 동작할 수 있다 앞서 언급한 바와 같이 자가 구성, 자가 복구의 능력을 가지고 저 비용으로 신뢰성 있는 네트워크 구축을 제공하기 때문에 무선랜이나 WiMAX, WPAN 등에서 채택되고 있다. 이 논문에서는 메쉬 네트워크의 구조와 특징을 자세히 설명하고 IEEE 802.11s와 IEEE 802.16j에서 진행되는 무선 메쉬 네트워크 관련 표준화를 살펴본 후 관련업체에서의 메쉬 네트워크 관련 개발 현황과 실제 구축 현황을 설명하고자 한다. 또한 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서 발생하는 여러 가지 보안 문제와 적용기술들을 짚어 보고자 한다.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.183-195
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• 2001

무선 ad-hoc 네트워크는 중앙의 특별한 관리 체계 없이 기존의 유선 네트워크 또는 기지국을 사용하지 않는 이동 호스트들만으로 구성된 네트워크를 말한다. 이러한 무선 ad-hoc 네트워크는 잦은 망 구성의 변화 라우터의 수, 제한된 사용자원 등 기존 유선 네트워크와는 다른 특성들을 가지게 된다. 따라서 기존의 유선 네트워크에서 사용하던 라우팅 프로토콜들을 무선 ad-hoc 네트어크의 특성을 고려하여 네트워크 내의 이동 호스트를 멀티 흡을 갖는 클러스터로 묶고 클러스터 헤드로 하여금 자신의 멤버 호스트들과 이웃 클러스터들의 헤드 정보를 유지하게 하여 경로 설정에 대한 요구가 있을때에 적은 지연시간과 적은 패킷으로 목적지까지의 최단 경로를 설정할 수 있도록한다. 또한 이동 호스트로 구성된 클러스터를 무선 ad-hoc 네트워크의 변화에 따라서 적절한 크기로 변화시켜 네트워크에 발생되는 경로 검색 오버헤드를 줄일수 있게 하였고 경로 복구와 경로 유지에 드는 비용을 최소화하기 위한 알고리즘을 제시한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.11B
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• pp.1216-1224
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• 2009

This paper presents cross-layer based packet scheduling and routing algorithm to effectively transmit delay-sensitive multimedia data over mobile ad hoc network. At first, packet urgency, node urgency, and route urgency are defined based on the end-to-end delay requirement of each packet and the number of hops over a route. Based on the urgency metric, the proposed transmission scheme is that packet scheduling algorithm at the MAC layer and routing algorithm at the network layer are tightly-coupled to improve the transmission performance for delay-sensitive multimedia. Finally, simulation results are provided to show the performance of proposed transmission scheme.