• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2013

Local dust storm and lifting to dust frequently occurs in Mars. But it is known to lift dust is associated with atmospheric circulation, the cause of dust lifting is not find yet. The height of dust storm is more than the Himalayas, and the large size dust storm covers half of hemisphere or hemisphere. The kind of dust storm is risk factor to land and to carry out a mission. In this paper, we carry out analysis on the season and place of dust storm, and construct a map with the place of dust storm. We expect that the season and place of dust storm are able to be predicted with being based on the results. And this paper can be utilized as preliminary for selection of landing site and time of launching and landing.

• The Science & Technology
• /
• v.35 no.5 s.396
• /
• pp.47-50
• /
• 2002

황사 - 학술적으로는 '모래/먼지 폭풍'이라 불리우는 황사구름이 한반도를 덮쳤다. 그것도 한반도에서 황사를 관측한 이래 최악의 농도를 가진 인체에 유해한 상태였다. 정부는 전국에 황사 비상령까지 내렸고 초등학교는 휴교까지 했다. '황사태풍' 또는 '모래/먼지 폭탄'이라고 불리웠던 지난 3~4월의 황사에 대해 인공위성으로 추적하는데 성공한 대기환경연구실 정용승박사에게 듣는다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.196-209
• /
• 2009

Occurrences of sandstorms in the deserts and loess of Mongolia and northern China and associated dustfall episodes in the Korean Peninsula were monitored during the period January through December, 2005. False colour images were made by directly receiving the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data, and the distribution and transport of sandstorms were analyzed. The ground concentrations for PM10, PM2.5 and visibility of the dustfall episodes (PM10 concentration over $190{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$) were analyzed at Cheongwon, located midway in South Korea, and in the leeward direction of the place of origin of the sandstorms. Variations in the concentrations of $O_3,\;NO_2$, CO and $SO_2$ were also compared with dust concentrations in the dustfall episodes. Fewer occurrences of strong sandstorms in the place of origin were observed in 2005, due largely to the accumulation of snow and mild fluctuations of high and low pressure systems in the place of origin, thereby accounting for a low frequency of dustfall episodes in Korea, compared with those during the period 1997-2005. A total of 7 dustfall episodes were monitored in Korea in 2005 that lasted 11 days. In summer, sandstorms occurred less frequently in the source region in 2005 due to high humidity and milder winds, thereby causing no dustfall episodes in Korea. In case the sandstorms occurring at the place of source head directly to Korea without passing through large cities and industrial areas of China, the PM2.5 concentrations were measured at 20% or lower than the PM10 concentrations. However, when the sandstorms headed to Korea via the industrial areas of eastern China, where they pick up anthropogenic air pollutants, the PM2.5 concentrations were at least 25% higher of the PM10 concentrations. On the other hand, over 5 cases were observed and analyzed in 2005 where the PM10 concentrations of sand dust originating from the deserts were measured at $190{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ or lower, falling short of the level of a dustfall episode.

• The Science & Technology
• /
• v.35 no.1 s.392
• /
• pp.6-9
• /
• 2002

화성에 가장 큰 먼지 폭풍/분자 크기의 트랜지스터 개발/세포 노화 차단 물질의 개발 길 터/수학의 노벨상인 아벨상/탄저병 유전자 해독/시금치 단백질로 눈의 병 퇴치

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.04a
• /
• pp.37-37
• /
• 2010

2008년 동아시아 대륙에서 발생기원이 다른 황사와 인위적 오염입자의 광역적 이동 사례를 NOAA위성 RGB 합성영상과 지상 TSP, PM10, PM2.5 질량농도 관측으로 구별하였다. 또한 Terra/Aqua 위성MODIS (MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer) 센서의AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth)와 FW (Fine aerosol Weighting)를 통해 동아시아 지역에서 발생기원이 다른 대기 에어로졸의 분포와 입자 크기 특성을 분석하였다. 중국 북부와 몽골, 그리고 중국 황토고원에서 모래폭풍이 발생하여 광역적으로 이동하여 청원에 먼지입자(황사)로 영향을 주는 6 사례를 분석했다. 질량농도 TSP중 PM10 은 70%, PM2.5 는 16% 로 조대입자 (> $2.5{\mu}m$)의 비율이 큰 것은 사막과 반사막의 자연적 발생원에서 생성되었기 때문이다. 그러나, 모래 폭풍이 이동 과정에서 중국 동부의 산업 지역을 거쳐 유입 되는 사례에서는 TSP 중 PM2.5 가 23% 까지 증가하기도 했다. 중국 동부로부터 황해를 거쳐 한반도로 유입하고 있는 다른5사례는 TSP 중 PM10, PM2.5가 각각 82%, 65% 로 PM2.5 의 비율이 높았는데 인위적 오염입자의 영향 때문이다. 동아시아 지역에서 인위적 오염입자의 광역적 이동 사례에 대한 평균 AOD는 $0.42{\pm}0.17$로 황사에 의한 AOD ($0.36{\pm}0.13$)와 비교하여 대기 에어로졸에 대한 비율이 높게 나타났다. 특히, 중국 동부에서 황해, 한반도, 동해에 이르는 광역적 지역에 높은 AOD값이 분포했다. 인위적 오염입자의 사례는 FW가 평균 $0.63{\pm}0.16$로 모래폭풍의 이동 사례의 $0.52{\pm}0.13$ 보다 높은 값을 보이고 있어, 대기 에어로졸에 대한 인위적 미세 오염입자의 기여가 크게 나타나고 있었다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2008

We have investigated a statistical relationship between sawtooth oscillations and geomagnetic storms during 2000-2004. First of all we selected a total of 154 geomagnetic storms based on the Dst index, and distinguished between different drivers such as Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) and Co-rotating Interaction Region (CIR). Also, we identified a total of 48 sawtooth oscillation events based on geosynchronous energetic particle data for the same 2000-2004 period. We found that out of the 154 storms identified, 47 storms indicated the presence of sawtooth oscillations. Also, all but one sawtooth event identified occurred during a geomagnetic storm interval. It was also found that sawtooth oscillation events occur more frequently for storms driven by CME $({\sim}62%)$ than for storms driven by CIR $({\sim}30%)$. In addition, sawtooth oscillations occurred mainly $({\sim}82%)$ in the main phase of storms for CME-driven storms while they occurred mostly $({\sim}78%)$ during the storm recovery phase for CIR-driven storms. Next we have examined the average characteristics of the Bz component of IMF, and solar wind speed, which were the main components for driving geomagnetic storm. We found that for most of the sawtooth events, the IMF Bz corresponds to -15 to 0 nT and the solar wind speed was in the range of $400{\sim}700km/s$. We found that there was a weak tendency that the number of teeth for a given sawtooth event interval was proportional to the southward IMF Bz magnitude.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.600-607
• /
• 2010

In 2008, multiple episodes of large-scale transport of natural airborne particles and anthropogenically affected particles from different sources in the East Asian continent were identified in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite RGB-composite images and the mass concentrations of ground level particulate matters. To analyze the aerosol size distribution during the large-scale transport of atmospheric aerosols, both aerosol optical depth (AOD; proportional to the aerosol total loading in the vertical column) and fine aerosol weighting (FW; fractional contribution of fine aerosol to the total AOD) of Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol products were used over the East Asian region. The six episodes of massive natural airborne particles were observed at Cheongwon, originating from sandstorms in northern China, Mongolia and the loess plateau of China. The $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ stood at 70% and 16% of the total mass concentration of TSP, respectively. However, the mass concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ among TSP increased as high as 23% in the episode in which they were flowing in by way f the industrial area in east China. In the other five episodes of anthropogenically affected particles that flowed into the Korean Peninsula from east China, the mass concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ among TSP reached 82% and 65%, respectively. The average AOD for the large-scale transport of anthropogenically affected particle episodes in the East Asian region was measured at $0.42{\pm}0.17$ compared with AOD ($0.36{\pm}0.13$) for the natural airborne particle episodes. Particularly, the regions covering east China, the Yellow Sea, the Korean Peninsula, and the east Korean sea were characterized by high levels of AOD. The average FW values observed during the event of anthropogenically affected aerosols ($0.63{\pm}0.16$) were moderately higher than those of natural airborne particles ($0.52{\pm}0.13$). This observation suggests that anthropogenically affected particles contribute greatly to the atmospheric aerosols in East Asia.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.91-114
• /
• 2007

The cooperative cost sharing scheme for Dust and Sand Storm(DSS) in North East Asia, as suggested in Song and Nagaki(2007), may not be feasible due to possible defection(s) of participating countries. If non-cooperative strategies are more plausible, Nash equilibrium can suggest possible outcomes of the cost sharing game. The result from the continuous strategy model shows that there exists an infinite number of Nash equilibrium such that the summation of investment from each country is always equal to the required budget of the ADS pilot project. It is also discussed that the discrete strategy model points to only 3 Nash equilibria in continuous strategy game outcome and the cooperative game solution may be just one of the infinite equilibria.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.366-375
• /
• 1998

Optical characteristics of the yellow sand and their influences on the ocean color remote sensing has been studied using ocean color sensor SeaWiFS measurements. Two cases of April 18 and April 25, 1998, representing yellow sand and background aerosol, are selected for emphasizing the impact of high aerosol concentration on the ocean color remote sensing. It was shown that NASA's standard atmospheric correction algorithm treats yellow sand area as either too high radiance or cloud area, in which ocean color information is not generated. Optical thickness of yellow sand arrived over the East Asian sea waters in April 18 indicates that there are two groups loaded with relatively homogeneous yellow sand, i.e.: heavy yellow sand area with optical thickness peak around 0.8 and mild area with about 0.4, which are consistent with ground observations. The movement of the yellow sand area obtained from surface weather maps and backward trajectory analysis manifest the notion that the weak yellow sand area was originated from the outer region of the dust storm. It is also noted that high optical thickness associated with the yellow sand is significantly different from what we may observe from background aerosol, which is about 0.2. These characteristics allow us to determine the yellow sand area with an aid of atmospheric correction parameter. Results indicate that the yellow sand area can be determined by applying the features revealed in scattergrams of atmospheric correction parameter and optical thickness.