• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate various phenomena quantitatively occurring during the course of changing dyeing conditions of cotton and silk fibers in natural dyeing using Caesalpinia sappan. Paying attention to the fact that the color may be varied according to the extraction conditions of dyestuffs in Caesalpinia sappan dyeing, the color changes were investigated after dyeing using dyestuffs extracted at elevated temperature and dyestuffs extracted at room temperature. According to the extraction methods, the degree of color development for the category of red color and the category of yellow color has changed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.557-564
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• 1998

Dyeing properties of silk fabric with black tea colorants were investigated in terms of dye uptakes at various dyeing conditions and the effect of mordants on color change and colorfastness. Black tea colorants showed high affinity to silk and produced brown color. Two types of adsorption isotherm were obtained; Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium at 360 nm and 460 nm, respectively. Thus, it is considered that both of ionic and hydrogen bondings are involved in silk dyeing with black tea colorants. Dye uptake increased continuously as concentration of colorants increased. Brown color was not changed with mordant type except that Fe mordant produced dark brown color. Mordanting did not influence colorfastness of dyed silk significantly. Therefore, mordanting was not necessary in dyeing silk with black tea colorants.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.109-118
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• 2002

The Purpose of this study was to investigate dyeing properties and color fastness of Ainus firma sieb. et Zucc. Fruit, according to dyeing temperature, dyeing time, dyeing concentrations and various mordants. The results were as follows ; 1. The dyeabilities of the natural colorants extracted from Alnus firma fruit were investigated under various dyeing temperature, dyeing time and dyeing concentration. As a result, the optimum dyeing temperature, time and concentration of silk fabric with Alnus firma fruit were $60^{\circ}C$, 60min and 100％(o.w.f.) respectively. 2. Alnus firma fruit extract dyed reddish purple (RP hue) on the Fe-mordanted silk fabric. In the case of other mordants, silk fabrics dyed yellow (Y hue). 3. Generally, the light color fastness was relatively fair in the silk fabric dyed with the Alnus firma fruit and Fe mordant. The washing color fastness of color change of silk dyeings mordanted with Al, Sn showed 4 grade. However, the dry cleaning color fastness of the silk fabric was fastness was excellent. The rubbing color fastness showed 4 grade at the most of mordants except Cu.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2003

Large quantity of metal mordant in natural dyeing has been used. For environmental reason, there is a need to reduce the amount of metal mordant and suggest the optimum amount of metal mordant in dyeing process. In this study, the relationship between mordant concentration and dyeing property was investigated. Various metal mordant concentrations of AI, Cu, Fe, Sn, were studied (from 1 to 5%). After treatment of mordant on cotton fabric, the concentration of metal ion in used mordant solution was quantified. There was no significant difference of the tone of color in mordant concentration from 1% to 5%, Therefore, there is no need to increase mordant concentration over 1%. chitosan treated cotton fabric showed a significant increase in dyeing affinity compared to untreated cotton fabric (the value of ${\Delta}E$ was 20). chitosan increased dye affinity significantly in the presence of mordant. It can be suggested that chitosan itself can replace metal mordants in the future.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.166-173
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• 2009

The natural dyeing of silk fabrics with Rumex crispus L. root extract was investigated. The dyeability of Rumex crispus L. root extract was evaluated with condition of concentration, temperature, time, repeat-numbers, pH, mordants variables, methods of mordanting, color fastness and antibacterial activity, etc. The wavelength of maximum absorption of the Rumex crispus L. distilled water extract appears at 274 nm and 336 nm, methanol extract was 274 nm and 356 nm. Optical dyeing temperature of silk fabrics was $70^{\circ}C$. The K/S values of the dyed fabrics were increased with increasing dyeing time. Surface colors of dyed fabrics were various by the used mordants; RP-YR-Y range. The color fastness was improved by adding mordants were added except Sn. Dyed silk fabrics with mordants showed antibacterial activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.609-609
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• 1998

This paper surveys the effect of rice straw ash solution to the physical properties of Sappan Wood dyeing fabrics. In the quantitative analysis of rice straw ash solution, the quantities of absorbed ingredients in fabrics were increased by bath pull treatment but the amount of absorption(K/S value) was increased by bath pH4.5 treatment. This is related to the metal ion. Among the metal ion, effect of Fe iou and Al ion were related. In case added extracted dye solution to mordants, the color dye solution became dark and increased reddish. The changes of mechanical properties of fabrics tensile resilience, bending rigidity(B), compressional resilience(RC) were increased. Generally mechanical properties were increased by rice straw ash solution treatment, specially bath pH9 treatment. Rice straw ash solution treatment of dyeing fabrics made the improvement in tensile strength and elongation and in the amount of absorption, dye ability, color fastness, mechanical properties, tensile strength, elongation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.699-705
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• 1998

This paper surveys the effect of rice straw ash solution to the physical properties of Sappan Wood dyeing fabrics. In the quantitative analysis of rice straw ash solution, the quantities of absorbed ingredients in fabrics were increased by bath pull treatment but the amount of absorption(K/S value) was increased by bath pH4.5 treatment. This is related to the metal ion. Among the metal ion, effect of Fe iou and Al ion were related. In case added extracted dye solution to mordants, the color dye solution became dark and increased reddish. The changes of mechanical properties of fabrics tensile resilience, bending rigidity(B), compressional resilience(RC) were increased. Generally mechanical properties were increased by rice straw ash solution treatment, specially bath pH9 treatment. Rice straw ash solution treatment of dyeing fabrics made the improvement in tensile strength and elongation and in the amount of absorption, dye ability, color fastness, mechanical properties, tensile strength, elongation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.124-132
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• 2002

Dyeing properties of silk fabric on gromwell roof colorants were studied for the effect of dyeing conditions, such as methanol ratio, colorants concentration, pH, temperature and time etc. on the dye uptake and effect of mordants and mordanting methods on color change and dye uptake. And various colorfastnesses of dyed fabrics were evaluated far practical use. Gromwell colorants showed high affinity to silk and its isotherm adsorption curve was Freundlich type close to Nernst type. Therefore, it is considered that hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals force were involved in the adsorption of cromwell colorants to silk fabric. Post-mordanting method gave higher K/S value than other methods, but it was not significantly different color values from unmordanted one. Gromwell colorants produced mainly R and RP color depending on mordants and mordanting method. Dyed fabrics showed high colorfastness irrespective of mordanting treatment. Light colorfastness was increased for repeatedly dyed and Fe mordanted dyed fabrics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.385-390
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• 1999

Dyeing properties of silk fabric with green tea colorants were studied by investigating the effect of dyeing conditions such as concentration pH dyeing temperature and time on dye uptakes and effect of mordants on color change and dye uptakes, And various colorfastnesses of dyed fabrics were evaluated for practical use. Green tea colorants showed relatively good affinity to silk fabric and produced yellowish red color. Langmuir adsoption isotherm was obtained. Therefore it is considered that ionic bondings between colorants and silk fibers are formed. Mordants did not improve dye uptakes and affect color of dyed fabrics significantly. But mordanting adversely affected lightfastness of dyed fabrics. Regardless of mordanting colorfastness to perspiration especially in alkaline condition of dyed fabrics showed low rating compared with other colorfastness. It is concluded that mordanting is not necessary for silk dyeing with green tea colorants.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.402-411
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• 2012

Natural Bokbunja is used as a material of oriental medicine which it obtains from Rubus or Raspberry. Natural Bokbunja Rubus has natural odor and taste, natural color, and pharmaceutical & chemical characteristics. This experiment tested antimicrobial experiment against microbe and dye experiment against fiber using natural Bokbunja extract. Some conclusions from this characteristics experiment were obtained as follow. The result of antimicrobial experiment could know that ATCC-001(staphylococcus aureus) does not show nearly from 72hrs after cultivation test and ATCC-002(aspergillus niger) shows to propagate continuously according to passage of time. Also, the result of dye experiment could know that cotton and silk using alum mordant($Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}13-14H_2O$) against fiber shows in direction of light beige color. The result of instrument analysis ascertained inorganic components of K(221.100ppm), Mg(17.920ppm), Ca(5.129ppm), Na(2.940ppm), Si(0.638ppm) etc from Bokbunja with ICP/OES, and ascertained organic components of boric acic(1.711), silane(2.142), pyrazole(3.481), propyl isothiocyanate(2.565), furfurole(11.521) etc from Bokbunja with GC/MSD.