• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.404-411
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• 2012

Tooth impaction is defined as a failure of tooth eruption resulting from the physical obstacles in the eruption path or the abnormal position of the tooth germ. Impaction of mandibular second molar is relatively rare, and it may incite pathologic conditions such as dental caries, periodontitis, or root resorption of adjacent first molar. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment is recommended. In the first case, a 10-year-old male patient, was treated by brass wire to separate the bilaterally impacted mandibular second molars. In the second case, a 12-year-old female patient, was treated with Humphrey appliance for impacted mandibular left second molar, which was detected during a periodical dental examination. In the third case, a 17-year-old female patient with impacted mandibular right second molar, was treated by uprighting spring with mini-implant anchorage around premolar area. In the last case, an 18-year-old male patient, was treated with mini-implant placed on the ramus of mandible connected to the orthodontic buttons bonded on impacted mandibular left second molar by elastic thread.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.598-604
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• 2004

Impaction of mandibular first molar is relatively rare and its overall frequency has been reported to be 0.01%. The etiology of impaction are lack of eruption space, physical obstacles such as supernumerary teeth, odontomas or odontogenic tumors, hereditary factors, functional disturbances of endocrine glands and traumas. Impaction of mandibular first molar can result in a short lower facial height, formation of a follicular cyst, pericoronal inflammation, resorption of the roots of neighboring teeth and malocclusion. The treatment options available for impacted teeth include surgical exposure, orthodontic forced eruption, surgical repositioning and surgical removal of unerupted molar. This report presents two cases of distally tilted and impacted mandibular first molars which were treated by surgical exposure. In these cases, we could observe spontaneous eruption of the impacted mandibular first molars after surgical exposure.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.355-361
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• 2004

Impaction is generally defined as the lack of eruption of a tooth after the normal age for the eruption. An impacted tooth may appear blocked by another tooth, bone, or soft tissue, but cause of tooth impaction is often unknown. The clinician should consider the various treatment options available : (a) No treatment and observation, (b) surgical exposure and orthodontic traction (c) auto transplantation (d) extraction. These cases were about the patients with delayed eruption of maxillary central incisor. We surgically exposed impacted tooth and guided it into normal position by the orthodontic traction. Especially, in case 1, #21 was ectopic impacted state with root dilaceration. It is required to examine further root development and alignment of dentition serially.

• 대한치과교정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.42.1-42.1
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• 1999

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2005

The impacted maxillary canine is a common problem of which all dental practitioners should be aware. The surgical orthodontic treatment of impacted canines is replaced correction position in dental arch without periodontal damage. Many treatment possibilities have been considered for this goal; window procedure, apically positioned flap, closed eruption technique and tunnel traction. Prognosis for these treatment may be very uncertain in many case(infraosseous impacted tooth). Other steps are required to achieve a satisfactory periodontal outcome. Satisfactory results could be expected if the physiologic eruption pattern is restored by tunnel traction, because permanent tooth erupts through the gingiva near the crest of the ridge so that periodontal damage is reduced. This article report that the surgical orthodontic treatment using tunnel traction is obtained proper position and reduced periodontal damage in facially impacted maxillary canines.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2001

It is a relatively common clinical experience to see a impacted maxillary central incisor Most often, the central incisor is impacted labially. The labial impaction has been indicated as the most difficult to manage. The labial impactions have been found to be associated with mucogingival recession, reduced attached gingiva and periodontal pockets. For the successful treatment, clinicians should avoid loss of attached gingiva in surgical exposure. The most common methods of uncovering labially impacted maxillary anterior teeth are gingivectomy, apically positioned flap and closed eruption technique. If gingivectomy will not leave enough attached gingiva, then an apically positioned flap may be the treatment of choice. If the tooth is impacted in the middle of the alveolus or high in the vestibule near the nasal spine, the closed eruption technique may be the treatment of choice. Closed eruption technique was used in one case, apically positioned flap was used in two case. As the result in two cases of impacted maxillary central incisor, apically positioned flap provide the adequate width of attached gingiva. In case of impacted maxillary central incisor, through the clinical and radiologic examination to select correct surgical operation for reduce the complications.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

The lower $2^{nd}$ molar eruption is beginning to mesiolingually, then rotate to distobuccally so it has a tendency to be tilted and impacted mesially. Signs and symptoms of impacted $2^{nd}$ molar are similar to impacted $3^{rd}$ molar's. However, treatment plan for impacted $2^{nd}$ molar is different from that of impacted $3^{rd}$'s. The former is the preservation and uprighting of $2^{nd}$ molar so that it could act to recovery of mastication, symmetrical facial growth, maintaining the symmetry of dental arch, stable occlusion, while the latter is the extraction of tooth. If the uprighting treatment is planned, most proper protocol of treatment and the additional treatment opition should be applied with consideration for it's crown exposure, present of $3^{rd}$ molar which interrupt the uprighting process, extrusion of opposite tooth. Although it could not improve the esthetic result, it could prevent many dental problems. Therefore, uprighting for impacted lower $2^{nd}$ molar is meaningful treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2004

In the normal growth and development of the mandible, the molar tooth buds distal to the first permanent molar have a mesial inclination. This inclination is usually self-correcting, but, unfortunately, this self-correction does not always occur. The first case is about, 14-year-old female patient with familial history of lower second molar impaction. Her lower second molars were both impacted, and she was treated with sectional wires and open-coil springs. The second case, 14-year-old male, we treated his impacted #47 with Halterman appliance. The third case, 11-year-old male, his both mandibular second molars were impacted during full-fixed orthodontic treatment. They were treated with brass wire, sectional wire and open-coil spring.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.686-692
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• 2006

The impacted teeth were surgically exposed by the closed-eruption technique and orthodontically retracted. The subject of this study are 24 patients(Mx. insiors; 10 Mx. canines; 14) who finished their treatment. The periodontal condition of the impacted teeth and the normally erupted proximal and opposed teeth were compared and analysed. The results are the followings ; 1. When the gingival index, plaque index, pocket depth and attached gingiva in periodontal evaluation were compared, there was no significant difference between the study group and the control group (P>0.05). 2. When the alveolar bone support of the mesial and the distal surface of the maxillary central incisors and proximal teeth was compared, there was no significant difference between the study group and the control group (P<0.05). 3. When the alveolar bone support of the maxillary canines was compared, there was no significant difference between the retracted teeth and the normally erupted teeth(P>0.05). The results above showed that the surgical exposure by closed-eruption technique followed by the orthodontic retraction of the impacted teeth has a positive influence on the regeneration of gingival tissue in clinical practice and is esthetically more stable. And it is considered that the clinicians should give attention to the direction of retraction power and the maintenance of normal shape of the alveolar bone in treatment of maxillary central incisors.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 2009

Tooth impaction refers to situations where a tooth fails to erupt due to mechanical blocking and remains unerupted beyond the normal time of eruption. It is commonly found in permanent dentition, but rarely in deciduous dentition. Tooth impaction is caused by systemic or local factors, and most common etiology is odontoma. Odontoma is also commonly found in permanent dentition, and rarely in deciduous dentition. We are presenting case of 4 year and 4 month year old girl, who had impacted and disto-angulated lower left deciduous second molar due to odontoma. We removed odontoma and performed orthodontic traction of impacted lower left deciduous second molar. Then, the impacted primary molar was erupted and acceptable occlusion was obtained.