• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2004

This study focuses on the hydrochemical characteristics in goundwater affected by reclamation at 2000 Sydney Olympic Games site, Sydney, Australia. The Olympic Games site can be divided into three areas, i.e. reclaimed areas; landfill areas and non-infilled areas. In the current work, 'reclaimed areas' were previously estuarine, and were filled with waste materials and are now above present high tide level, whereas 'landfill areas' are areas where deposition of waste materials occurred above sea level. No deposition of waste took place in 'non-infilled areas'. This study was also evaluated by three different types such as deep boreholes, shallow boreholes and standpipes. The hydrochemishy of groundwaters in reclaimed and non-in-filled areas is characterized by Mg- and Ca-enrichment, whereas groundwaters in landfill areas are elevated in K and NO₃. Na, K and Mg are the dominant cations in groundwater from reclaimed areas and Na and K are the dominant cations in groundwater in landfill areas. Na and Mg are the dominant cations in groundwater in deep boreholes, whereas Na and K are the dominant cations in groundwater in shallow boreholes and standpipes. There is no distinct trend in heavy metals with electrical conductivity in the groundwater between the re-claimed, landfill and non-infilled areas. Fe and Mn in landfill areas with respect to reclaimed areas and non-infilled areas show a distinct increase in concentration with declining pH. Mean electrical conductivity values in the deep and shallow boreholes are higher than that of standpipes, but the minimum and maximum value of electrical conductivity in groundwater in standpipes shows remarkably different value, probably due to perched pond. There is no correlation between Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr concentrations in groundwater with pH, from deep boreholes, shallow boreholes and standpipes, except for Fe and Mn, which demonstrate increasing concentrations with declining pH. The results revealed a close association between elevated concentrations in groundwater and the presence of fill materials at the site. Trace metals teachability from re-claimed soils adjacent to estuary plays a significant role in determining their potential environmental risk to surrounding environment.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2020

Medical waste is any kind of waste that contains infectious material and recommended not to be transferred for infection control. As a means of disposal, incineration has better points than dumping or landfill in the quantity reduction, odorless and nonhazardous. However, open burning and incineration of health care wastes under bad circumstances, can result in the emission of environmental pollutants to air. A burial of biological waste brings pollution of soil and water. Most of sub divisional hospitals in Fiji transfer their medical wastes to divisional hospitals for incineration. In 2011, 62,518 kg of medical waste was incinerated in the three divisional hospitals. However, some medical wastes are considered as general waste and burnt or sent to landfill site, some are buried on site in some sub-divisional hospitals. In this regards, urgent education is necessary for awareness promotion to relevant personnel in medical waste treatment. On site incineration using small scale incinerator is more recommended than transportation of medical wastes treatment in Fiji. Moreover, remotely controllable and fixable small scale of incinerator is more desirable in sub-divisional hospitals. It is recommended that Fiji government to set up a legal framework for medical waste management (MWM), to develop specific guidelines for MWM, to set up a training system for MWM to ensure that all relevant personnel are trained, to develop a monitoring and supervision system for MWM, to clarify the future financing of MWM activities, and to improve the MWM infrastructure.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.152.1-152.1
• /
• 2010

매립지에서 유기물의 분해로 발생되는 매립가스는 악취 등으로 인한 대기오염뿐만 아니라 온난화지수가 21인 메탄이 약 50vol% 이상 포함되어 있어 지구온난화에 큰 영향을 미친다. 하지만 매립가스를 에너지원으로 활용하면 대기오염저감, 지구온난화 감소, 대체에너지원 확보뿐만 아니라 CDM사업 등과 연계하여 부가수익창출이 가능하다. 현재 국내에는 약 242개의 폐기물매립지가 있는데, 이중 매립가스를 활용하는 곳은 단지 14개소로 개별 경제성이 있는 대형매립지에서만 자원화시설을 설치하여 운영 중이며 그 외 매립지에서는 매립가스를 소각 또는 단순 대기 방출하여 대기오염유발과 동시에 대체에너지원 미활용으로 국가차원에서 큰 손실이므로 이를 활용할 수 있는 기술개발이 시급하다. 현재 매립가스 에너지화 기술로는 매립가스 열량에 따라 가스엔진, 가스터진, 증기터빈을 이용하는데 국내에서는 수분제거와 같은 간단한 처리 과정을 거친 후, 정제 없이 사용한다. 그런데 매립가스 구성 성분 중 일부 미량가스($H_2S$ 등)는 부식성이 높아 실제 공정에서 큰 문제점으로 작용하게 되므로 전처리공정이 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 중소규모 매립지에서 발생하는 매립가스를 중심적환장으로 이송하여 경제성을 가지는 에너지원으로 활용할 수 있는 기술개발을 목표로 하이드레이트 기술을 활용함에 있어 전처리 기초연구를 수행하였다. 매립가스 구성성분 중 대표적 악취물질인 메르캅탄과 부식성 물질인 황화수소의 전처리 기술로서 활성탄 흡착방법을 이용하여 외부에서 관찰이 가능하고 흡착탑을 2단으로 구성하여 활성탄 흡착탑을 제작하였다. 대상가스는 일반적으로 매립가스에 포함되어 있는 성분으로 제작하여 사용하였고 흡착탑 전 후 가스의 성분분석은 LMSxi를 이용하였다. 실험결과 활성탄의 상태, 접촉시간, 흡착탑의 구성에 따라 50~80%의 제거효율을 보였으며 이는 활성탄 흡착탑을 매립가스 에너지화의 전처리 시설로 사용될 경우 각각의 변수들에 대해 정확한 공정설계가 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2002

In this study, it was investigated if the outflow from incised slope in a new constructed landfill site flowed into it from the neighboring existing landfill site. The water quality of the outflow was compared with the leachate of the neighboring existing landfill site, monitoring well, stream water, and underground water near by the new constructed landfill site. We examined a result of filtering experiment of the leachate and $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ analysis of odor in the outflow site. The results of the experiments were the pollution level of the outflow from the constructed site was quiet high, relatively, and that the micro-analysis of organic materials from the outflow and the odor analysis of organic materials were related with the outflow results. So we supposed that the outflow was affected with the leachate of the neighboring existing landfill site and countermeasures should be made prior to construction.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2010

Field study was conducted for 5 months to investigate the effect of leachate recirculation on aerobic landfill stabilization at active landfilling site. The area of field experiment was $24{\times}24m$ and 9 vertical air injection wells with screen ranging 3~9 m were installed. Aerobic landfill operation for 5 months increased average internal landfill temperature to $70^{\circ}C$ and 8 % of landfill height was settled down. $94m^3$ of leachate was recirculated for 1 month to increase moisture content of landfill to favor microbial degradation of organic matter, which resulted in temporary increase of groundwater level and anaerobic environment. But leachate recirculation triggered increase of internal landfill temperature of neighboring monitoring well. Because excessive leachate recirculation decreased internal landfill temperature by cooling effect, internal landfill temperature should be checked to avoid abrupt decrease of temperature during leachate recirculation. Also, to prevent anaerobic environment, intermittent leachate recirculation was recommended.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2018

The effect of cutting-off the leakage was identified by the cement based wall mass constructed in underground, as complete facilities for reinforcement in shear strength of landfill which was subjected to circular failure and for cutting-off the leachate from the costal waste landfill. By (1) visual inspection after underground excavating and (2) compressive strength test for core of underground wall, it could be identified that quality of wall mass constructed in underground was so effective, and by additional test, so as (3) in-situ permeability test in the hole after coring wall mass, (4) analyzing the characteristics of basic components and their profiles through the series of chemical experiments and (5) deciding the general distribution patterns from the chromatograms using GC-MS, it could be identified that watertight and cutting-off the leachate of wall mass constructed in underground was very effective. Therefore, it is concluded that five types of tests suggested in this study can judge the effect of cutting-off the leakage or infiltration of very high concentrated leachate from the waste landfill.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.105-109
• /
• 2005

폐기물매립장에서 발생하는 침출수의 확산정도를 정량적으로 추정하기 위해 매립장 주변에 설치되어 있는 2개 지하수공(BWM-1, BWM-2)에서 단공주입양수 추적자시험이 실시되었다. 브롬(Br-) 이온이 추적자로 이용되었으며, 추적자시험은 주입단계, 체이서단계 및 양수단계의 과정으로 실시되었다. 시험대상 구간은 지표면하 $20{\sim}24m$에 해당하는 파쇄암반층이며, 주입율과 양수율은 추적자시험 이전에 실시되어진 양수시험 자료에 의해 산정되었다. BWM-1 지하수공의 단공주입양수 추적자시험에 의해 추정된 종분산지수는 공극율이 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 및 0.5인 경우에 각각 9.50, 4.25, 3.00, 1.34cm 이다. 시험대수층의 공극율은 대략 $0.05{\sim}0.20$의 범위이며, 따라서 종분산지수는 $2{\sim}4cm$인 것으로 추정된다. BWM-2 지하수공의 단공주입양수 추적자시험에 의해 추정된 종분산지수는 공극율 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 및 0.5인 경우에 각각 3.32, 1.49, 1.05, 0.47cm 이다. 시험대수층의 공극율은 대략 $0.05{\sim}0.20$의 범위이며, 따라서 종분산지수는 $1{\sim}2cm$인 것으로 추정된다. 폐기물매립장에서 침출수가 유출할 경우, BWM-2 지하수공 주변의 파쇄암반층이 BWM-1 지하수공 주변의 파쇄암반층보다 침출수 확산이 2배 정도 빠르게 발생할 것으로 추정되었다.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2016

The electrical resistivity method is an effective geophysical tool to detect subsurface contamination because the contaminated zones show generally lower electrical resistivity. In this study, the electrical resistivity surveys were applied to a waste landfill site to image the subsurface structure around the landfill and to identify the contaminated zones. First, the dipole-dipole 2D resistivity surveys were conducted along the boundaries of landfill to define the developed contaminated zones. Then the crosshole resistivity tomography was applied to confirm the suspected contaminated zones at depth. The results of drilling and geochemical analysis of ground water supported that the low resistivity zones coincide well with the contaminated zones and the leachate pathways could be delineated effectively from the resistivity survey.

• New & Renewable Energy
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2022

Landfill gas (LFG) generation characteristics in a construction waste landfill zone (block E) and mixed landfill zone (block A) were analyzed. During the period from October 2018 to April 2022, a total of 936×10³ and 1,001×10³ tons of waste were disposed in block E and block A, respectively. Out of this, 27.1% and 55.6% were biodegradable waste in block E and block A, respectively. The landfill masses of the two blocks were converted to be comparable. Then, the biodegradable waste and organic carbon were estimated by element analysis, biodegradable carbon by biochemical methane potential experiment (DC), and sulfate ion by acid decomposition. Results showed that biodegradable waste, organic carbon, biodegradable carbon, and sulfate ions in block A were 2.1, 1.6, 5.2, and 0.4 times greater than those in block E, respectively. The amount of LFG generated by block A was 4.8 times greater than that by block E. The average concentrations of methane (CH₄) were 60.8% and 60.9% in block E and block A, respectively, which were unrelated to the nature of disposed waste. The average concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) were significantly high in block E (4,489 ppm) and block A (8,478 ppm). As the DC/SO₄^2- of block E and block A were 0.35 and 4.56, respectively, increase in DC/SO₄^2- caused increase in not only the total amount but also the concentration of H₂S generated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 2002

환경부의 정책중 하나로서 지정 폐기물제로서 산업 전 현장에서 생성되는 폐기물들을 매립 등 버리게 되었을 때 향후 토양오염 등 문제가 심각히 대두되는 품목들에 대해서 지정한 본 연구를 수행하기 위해 우선 환경부 허가부터 받기 위해 수개월을 보내면서 적지 않은 고민을 하게 된 것이 본 연구 수행에 오히려 도움이 되었다.(중략)