• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.20
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• pp.53-61
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• 2001

1999년 1월-1999년 10월까지 당사에서 1급장해로 인해 보험금이 지급된 1,297 건을 대상으로 하여 성별 & 연령대별 분포, 1급장해 각 항의 원인별 분포, 다빈도원인별 1급장해 각 항의 분포상황등을 중심으로 조사하였다. 1. 1급장해지불건들의 성별분포를 보면 남자가 여자보다1.7배 많았다. 연령대별로는 30대가 29.3%로 가장 높았고 다음으로 40대 23.7%, 20대 18.6%, 10세미만 17.6% 순서 였다. 2. 1급장해 각항별 점유율을 보면 1급3항이 56.9%로 가장 높았고 다음으로 1급4항이 16.0%로 많았다. 3. 1급장해의 원인별 분포를 보면 '교통사고' 및 '교통사고외의 외상'이 597건(40.6%)으로 가장 많이 차지하였고 다음으로 '기타질병' 256건(19.7%) '뇌혈관사고' 245건(18.7%), '만성신부전' 194건(15.0 %), 그리고 '악성종양' 36건(2.8%)의 순서였다. 1) 1급 1항 : 두눈의 시력을 완전영구히 잃었을 때 원인중 가장 많은 것은 '기타질병' 74건(64%)이었고 다음으로는 '당뇨병' 17건(14.9) 그리고 '교통사고'의 순서였다. '기타질병'에 해당하는 병중에서 눈의 질환들을 더 분류하여 볼 때 '맥락막 및 망막의 장애'가 25건(35.7%)으로 가장 많았고 다음으로 '시신경 및 시각경로의 장애' 20건(28.6%) 그리고 '수정체의 장애'의 순서였다. 2) 1급 3항 : 중추신경계, 정신에 뚜렷한 장해를 남겨서 평생토록 항상 간호를 받아야 할 때 원인으로는 '교통사고' 245건(33.2%)이 가장 많았고 다음으로 '뇌혈관사고' 215건(29.1%) 그리고 '교통사고외의 외상'의 순서였다. 뇌혈관사고 215건에 대해서 원인별분포를 보면 '뇌내출혈'이 131건(60.9%)로 '뇌경색 ' 57건(26.5%)에 비해 2.3배 정도 많았다. 3) 1급 4항 : 흉복부장기에 뚜렷한 장해를 남겨서 평생토록 항상 간호를 받아야 할 때 원인으로는 '만성신부전'이 215건(86.5%)으로 가장 많이 차지하고 있었고 다음으로 '기타질병' 14건(6.7%)의 순서였다. 4) 1급 6항 : 두다리의 발목이상을 잃었거나 완전영구히 사용하지 못하게 되었을 때 원인으로는 '교통사고' 41건(41.0%)로 가장 많았고 다음으로 '교통사고외의 외상' 32건 (32.0%) 그리고 다음으로 '근골격계, 결합조직의 질환' 순서였다. 4. 장해원인별 1급장해 각 항의 분포를 보면 '만성신부전'은 1급 4항, '악성종양'은 1급 3항과 1급2항 그리고 1항의 장해를 주로 일으키고 '당뇨병'은 1급 1항, '뇌혈관사고'는 1급3항과 1급2항의 장해를 주로 일으켰다. 한편 '교통사고'나 '교통사고외의 외상'은 주로 1급3항과 1급6항의 장해를 주로 일으켰다.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the TaqI A polymorphism of dopamine receptor D2 gene(DRD2) is associated with Tourette syndrome(TS) and chronic motor tic disorder(CMT) in Korean population. Methods : DRD2 TaqI A RFLP genotyping was carried out with DNA extracted from blood samples of 75 patients with tic disorders(47 with TS and 28 with CMT) and 90 healthy subjects. Genotype and allelic frequencies for the DRD2 gene polymorphisms of the tic disorder group as a whole were compared to those of the control group. Separating the TS group, thereafter, the frequency of genotypes and alleles were compared to those of the controls. Results : The results demonstrated that genotype and allele distributions for the DRD2 gene polymorphism in the tic disorder as a whole, TS, and control groups were not significantly different. Conclusion : No association was found for DRD2 gene, TS and CMT. The data suggest that DRD2 gene may not be a useful marker for the prediction of the susceptibility of tic disorder.

• 재활복지
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.151-176
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to find out what factors affect the persons with disabilities who want to seek jobs again and to propose the policy for the re-employment support for the persons with disabilities based on the results of analysis. The disabled employment panel data were analyzed for this study. This study used a logistic regression analysis. This study tells that factors which affects the re-employment of the persons with disabilities are gender, education, chronic disease status, and the help of others in daily life status, employment discrimination experience, and the type of employment. From the gender perspective, whereas men are in favor of re-employment in the clerical work, women are in favor of re-employment if they don't have a spouse or receive employment services. Through these analysis, it is proposed that policies for the specific female employment support and for the promotion of the entry into decent jobs, measures for the elimination of job discrimination and linkages with the employment of the persons with disabilities and medical/health sector.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.92-109
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• 1996

The objectives of the present study were to provide comprehensive assessment of the impact of epilepsy on the psychological well-being of children with epilepsy and to identify the neurological factors associated with the psychopathology. The participant patients were recruited from the population of children and adolescent aged 7 to 16 attending the OPD of department of pediatric neurology in Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. We exclude mental retardation, pervasive developmental disorder and brain organic pathology. As control group, formal students were chosen and their sex, age, achievement, socioeconomic status were matched to patients. The first author interviewed the children and their family members and obtained the developmental history and family information. We used the following 10 scales for assessing psychological and behavioral problems in patients and their family member. The scales were standardized and their validity and reliability were confirmed before. Parent rating scales : Yale children's inventory, Disruptive behavior disorder scale, Parent's attitude to epilepsy questionnaire, Family environment scale, Symptom check-list-90 revision, Children behavior check-list. Children's self rating scales : Children's depression inventory, Spielberger's state-trait anxiety anxiety, Piers-Harris self-concept inventory and Self-administered Dependency questionnaire for Mother. The result showed the risk factors associated depression were early onset, complex partial seizure, lateralized temporal focal abnormality on EEG, Drug polypharmacy, high seizure frequency and sick factors associated anxiety were old age of patient, lateralized temporal focal abnormality EEG, Drug polypharmacy, high seizure frequency. Also the result of this present study indicated that risk factors associated oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were young age, male, early onset, lateral temporal EEG abnormality and high seizure frequency. According to these results, common risk factors associated psychological and behavioral problems were lateralized EEG temporal abnormality, high seizure frequency in neurological factors.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.252-261
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• 2000

Objectivity：This study was conducted to examine the depression, self-concept, perception of stress & coping strategy in children with chronic physical illness. Methods：Two groups of participants were recruited for this study, 13 children with chronic illness in outpatient or inpatient treatment at Seoul National University Children's Hospital, and 13 nonpatient children. They were assessed using Korean form of the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale (PHSCS), Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) and three subscaleds('color how you feel' 'color how others make you feel' 'A children in the rain' of Children's Self-Report and Projective Inventory(CSRPI). Result：There were significant differences between the chronic ill children and the healthy children in scores of depression and self-concept. The chronicity ill children were more depressive and had very negative self-concept, and obtained significantly lower scores than the healthy children in the subscales of PHSCS, 'intellectual/school status' and 'popularity' Among three scales of CSRPI, there was no difference in 'color how you feel' and 'color how others make you feel' But there were significant differences in all items of 'A child in the rain'(quantity of raining, duration of raining, tool, and effectiveness). 'Duration of raining' correlated most negatively with PHSCS scores, and correlated positively with CDI scores. Conclusion：The children with chronic illness are more depressive and have very negative selfconcept. And they feel that the stresses are more permanent, but have no appropriate coping strategy. The results suggest that the chronic illness strongly affects the psychological and emotional adjustment of children(i.e. depression, peer relation, stress coping strategy).

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

Objectives: To evaluate sleep characteristics and factors associated with sleep disturbance in schizophrenia patients with concurrent active psychotic symptoms and insomnia. Methods: Schizophrenia patients with insomnia and active psychotic symptoms (n = 63) were recruited from community-based mental rehabilitative facilities. Sleep scales such as the Korean version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-K) and the Korean Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-K) were evaluated and those with ISI-K >15 were included in the study. Psychotic, anxiety and depressive symptoms were rated with the Brief Psychotic Rating Scale (BPRS), the Korean Version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (K-ASI), and the Korean Version of the Beck Depression Inventory-I (K-BDI), respectively. Pearson correlation analyses were performed between the sociodemographic data, ISI-K and PSQI-K. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the factors which affected the ISI-K and PSQI-K. Results: The mean ISI-K and PSQI-K scores were $18.1{\pm}2.6$ and $12.0{\pm}2.2$, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between age of onset and ISI-K score and positive correlations between BRPS and PSQI-K scores and between K-ASI and both ISI-K and PSQI-K scores. Multiple regression analyses for both ISI-K and PSQI-K with K-ASI, age of onset, and BPRS as covariates revealed K-ASI as the only significant remaining factor. Conclusion: Our study suggests that anxiety symptoms are associated with insomnia symptoms in schizophrenia patients regardless of depressive or psychotic symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2001

Stress has been linked to the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various psychiatric illnesses. Over the past few years, our understanding of the brain and neuroendocrine systems that are linked to stress responses has increased enormously. This article reviews a series of animal and human studies to understand what are the central pathways by which stress is perceived, processed, and transduced into a neuroendocrine response. We focus on the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(LHPA) axis and several neurotransmitter systems such as norepinephrine, CRF, serotonin, acetylcholine, and dopamine. LHPA stress circuit is a complex system with multiple control mechanisms which are altered in pathological states. CRF and related peptides in the central nervous system appear to enhance behavioral responses to stressors. Norepinephrine systems are also activated by stressors and cause the release of catecholamines from the autonomic nervous system. CRF-norepinephrine interaction makes a feed-forward system which may be important for an organism to mobilize not only the pituitary system but also the central nervous system, in response to environmental challenges. The interactions among several neurotransmitters and endocrine systems appear to play key roles in mediating various behavioral and psychological stress responses involving abnormal responses to stressors such as anxiety and affective disorders.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.341-347
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• 2003

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a clinically recognizable multiple congenital anomaly and mental retardation syndrome caused by an interstitial deletion of chromosome 17 p11.2. Physical features include short stature, characteristic facial appearance: flattened mid-face, down-turned mouth, prominent and often rosy cheeks; prominent jaw in older children and adults, chronic ear infections, hearing impairment, eye problems, including: strabismus (an eye which turns in or out) and myopia (nearsightedness), hoarse voice, short fingers and toes, heart defects or murmurs, problems related to the urinary system, scoliosis (curvature of the spine), an unusual gait (walking pattern), and decreased sensitivity to pain. Behavioral and developmental characteristics include speech delay and articulation problems, developmental delay, learning disability, mental retardation, hyperactivity, self-injury, including: head banging; hand biting; picking at skin, sores and nails; pulling off finger- and toenails; inserting foreign objects into ears, nose, or other body orifices, explosive outbursts, prolonged tantrums, destructive and aggressive behavior, excitability, arm hugging or hand squeezing when excited. This report is the case of a Korean 3-year-3-month old male with Smith-Magenis syndrome referred from local clinic for the treatment of dental caries. The patient was treated by physical restraint after prophylatic administration of antibiotic(Amoxacillin 50mg/kg).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome (abbreviated CFIDS or CFS) is a disorder characterized by debilitating fatigue(over 6 months.), along with cognitive, musculoskeletal, and sleep abnormalities. The etiology of this illness is unlikely to be a single agent. Findings to date suggest that physiological and psychological factors work together to predispose and perpetuate the illness. Diagnosis is made difficult by the nonspecific clinical findings and no available diagnostic testing. With no known cause or cure for the chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome, treatment is based on relieving symptoms and improving the quality of life of affected patients. There is emerging evidence that chronic fatigue syndrome may be familial. In the future, studies will examine the extent to which genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of chronic fatigue syndrome. Most patients with CFS have psychiatric problems such as a generalized anxiety disorder, or major or minor depression, therefore, these mental health disorders may be correlated with the pathophysiology of the CFS. The treatment for CFS must be individualized, due to the heterogeneity of the CFS population. Also the treatment of CFS is built on a foundation of patient-physician relationship, respect and advocacy.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.68-71
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• 2005

We report a case of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, which occurred primarily during the REM sleep stage. A 55-year-old female patient who complained of chronic insomnia on the initial visit turned out to have obstructive sleep apnea syndrome of a mild degree (respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of 13.8/hour, %time spent below 90% of SaO2=5.0%) on nocturnal polysomnography. Interestingly, apnea episodes and desaturations mainly occurred during REM sleep stage. And RDI and destaturations during REM sleep stage were found to be severe enough to classify as a severe degree of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. These findings suggest that severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome might be masked under the symptom of chronic insomnia and that apneas can be predominantly localized within REM sleep epochs. In terms of treatment, "REM sleep-dependent" apneas may call for different methods of treatment, especially REM sleep-specific pharmacological intervention.