• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2000

Objectives : The object of this study was to make a comparison regarding perceived stressor, perceived stress responses, and coping strategies between patients with gastric ulcer and patients with chronic gastritis. Subject and Methods : Subjects consisted of 40 patients with gastric ulcer and 100 patients with chronic superficial gastritis. Global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale and perceived stress response inventory(PSRI) were used to measure perception for stressors and stress responses. Coping scale was used to measure coping strategies. Results : Scores of perceived stress related to work or job, changes in relationship on GARS scale were significantly higher in patients with gastric ulcer than those with chronic gastritis. Scores of perceived stress responses related to general somatic symptom, specific somatic symptom, passive-responsive and careless behavior on PSRI were significantly higher in patients with chronic gastritis than those with gastric ulcer. Scores of seeking social support, escape-avoidance on coping scale were significantly higher in patients with gastric ulcer than those with chronic gastritis. Conclusion : The above results suggest that perception for stressors were likely to be higher in patients with gastric ulcer than those with gastritis, whereas perception for stress responses were likely to be higher in the latter than the former. It is also suggested that patients with gastric ulcer were likely to use more dependent and passive coping strategies than patients with gastritis.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the various aspects of stress in patients with chronic prostatitis. Methods : Thirty two chronic prostatitis patients meeting the criteria of NIH-category III were compared with sixty four controls. Data pertaining to the source of, response to, and coping with stress, as well as chronic prostatitis symptom index were collected using a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a Global Assessment of Recent Stress(GARS), Stress Response Inventory(SRI), Ways of Coping Checklist(WCC), in addition to the NIH-CPSI. Results : From the results of GARS subscales, the scores of changes in relationship, sickness or injury and financial were significantly higher in patients with chronic prostatitis than normal controls. Chronic prostatitis patients had greater amplification of somatization, depression and anger in SRI and significantly lower score in ways of coping checklist compared with controls. In the NIH-CPSI of chronic prostatitis patients, the degree of symptom played a role in depression as stress response item and significant negative correlationship between the symptom point and problem focused, seeking social support coping strategy was observed. Conclusion : These results show that patients with chronic prostatitis have greater stress, higher stress response and insufficient coping strategy. Therefore, these efforts should be considered that enhancing healthier coping strategy and evaluation and management of stress experienced by chronic protatitis patients

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.105-115
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• 2010

목적 : 침은 다양한 질환의 치료에 보편적으로 쓰이고 있으며 고혈압, 당뇨, 정신질환 등을 포함한 스트레스성 질환에도 활용되고 있다. 결박 스트레스는 스트레스 호르몬(코르티코스테론, 멜라토닌)의 혈장 농도를 크게 증가시키는 간단하고 효과적인 스트레스 요인이다. 본 연구는 결박 스트레스를 시행한 백서의 스트레스 호르몬의 혈중 농도에 대한 전기침의 효과를 조사하였다. 방법 : 결박 그룹은 2시간의 결박 스트레스를 받았으며 결박 스트레스 및 고주파수 전침그룹과 결박 스트레스 및 저주파수 전침그룹은 결박 스트레스와 고주파수 전침, 또는 결박 스트레스와 저주파수 전침을 동시에 각각 시행하였다. 급성 스트레스 유발 시에는 결박 스트레스를 1차례, 만성 스트레스 유발 시에는 7차례 시행하였다. 전기침 자극에는 우측 족삼리($ST_{36}$)를 사용하였다. 결박 스트레스 및 전기침으로 유도된 코르티코스테론과 멜라토닌의 농도를 측정하기 위해서 결박 스트레스 및 전기침 자극이 시작된 30분, 60분, 90분, 120분 후에 백서를 단두하여 혈액 샘플을 채취하였다. 결과 : 급성 스트레스 유발 시에는 고주파수 전침그룹의 코르티코스테론 혈장 농도가 증가하였고 멜라토닌 농도의 시간적 패턴을 변화시켰으나 저주파수 전침그룹에서는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 만성 스트레스 유발 시에는 고주파수 전침그룹의 혈장 코르티코스테론과 멜라토닌 농도가 유의하게 감소되었으나 저주파수 전침그룹에서는 변화가 없었다. 결론 : 이러한 결과는 전침이 결박 스트레스로 유도된 스트레스 호르몬의 혈장 농도 및 시간적 분비패턴을 변화시키는 효과가 있으나 스트레스 호르몬 반응을 변화시키는 데 있어서 주파수에 따른 유의한 차이가 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to know how the rat submandibular gland changes under various emotional stress condition, using molecular biological methods. Restraint and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) experiment is conducted on fifty one 7-week old Sprague-Dawley rats (restraint stress experiment: 21, CUMS: 30). The rats were sacrificed, the submandibular glands were excised immediately at certain time, and examined by the use of immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In CUMS experiment, sucrose preference test, water intake change, weight change were implemented at 1 week interval for the experimental period The results are as follows: 1. The number of clusterin-secreting cells of restraint stress group compared to control group showed significantly decreasing tendency in all experimental groups except for the 1st hour group (p<0.001 in the 9th, 24th, 72nd, 120th, and 168th hour group). 2. The number of clusterin-secreting cells of CUMS group compared to control group showed significantly increasing tendency in the 2nd week group (p<0.01), and significantly decreasing tendency in the 4th and 5th week group (p<0.001). 3. Sucrose preference test in CUMS experiment showed significant difference between the 5th week experimental group and control group (p<0.01). 4. Weight change in CUMS experiment showed significant difference between the 5th week experimental group and control group (p<0.01), but water intake change didn't show significant difference compared to control group. 5. In western blot analysis, clusterin expression was decreased on a gradual basis in due time compared to the control group in the restraint stress group. As for CUMS group (chronic unpredictable mild stress group), it was increased till the 2nd week and decreased till the 5th week after that, which is similar to immunohistochemical analysis result and the decreasing tendency of sucrose preference and weigh changes. Through the test, it was proved that expression of clusterin in saliva glands decreases after receiving either acute or chronic stress, indicating relation with depression caused by chronic stress. Unlike other data, however, apoptotic tendency was hardly found in tissues. Diverse possibilities could be suggested on that: first, the stress was not enough to expedite apoptosis; second, apoptosis-related protein was already being secreted though not detected with microscope; third, clusterin, a major secretion molecule of saliva, decreased with saliva's malfunction due to stress. In the respect, it will be necessary to examine proteins expressed in case of cell death or other heat-shock proteins at the same time, in order to see whether any cellular change or death is caused by decreasing clusterin under high stress, and whether the original state is restored as time goes by under mild stress, through longer-term tests using even higher acute stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.27
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• pp.95-120
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of family resilient factors on the adaption of families with child with chronic disease. The study sample consisted 287 families with chronic illness child. The survey was done from July 1. 2007 to October 31. 2007. It was analysed that the effect of families resilience through structural equation model. Adequate fitness of the model was observed. The family resilience of families with chronic illness child has significantly positive effect on the family adaptation. Family stress had negative effect on family hardiness. Family hardiness had positive effect on family communication, and family communication had positive effect on social support. Social support had positive effect on family adaptation. According to this finding, intervention strategies focusing on in creasing resilient factors were suggested.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.381-388
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• 2013

The study was done to identify factors influencing the health risk behavior of the chronic mental illness in the community. A cross-sectional study design was used in this study. The sample was 255 chronic mentally ill persons from D city and C province and who agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected on August-september, 2011 and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 20. Stress event, insight and depression had significant correlations with health risk behavior. Hierarchial regression analysis showed gender (men), diagnosis (schizophrenia), stress event, insight and depression together explained 24% of variance in health risk behavior. Findings of this study allow a comprehensive understanding of health risk behavior of the chronic mentally ill persons in community. It is necessary to integrated health promotion programs designed for this population should focus on these factors for effective behavioral modification.

• 축산식품과학과 산업
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 2020

우울증은 동기, 의욕, 관심, 주의력, 정신기능 및 식욕의 감소를 특징으로 하는 일종의 기분 장애이다. 우울증은 유전적, 내분비 및 환경적 스트레스를 포함한 다양한 원인에 의해 발생하지만 가벼운 우울증은 식이요법으로 개선되는 것으로 보고되었다. 따라서 우울증 환자를 치료하기 위해서는 기능성 및 영양 보충제를 포함한 다양한 식품 공급원이 필요하다. 치즈에는 숙주 건강에 유익한 영향을 미치는 생리 활성 펩타이드가 포함되어 있다. 특히 저지(Jersey) 우유는 홀스타인(Holstein) 우유보다 고형분 함량이 높은 것으로 보고되었다. 이 연구는 저지(Jersey) 와 홀스타인(Holstein) 우유의 가우다 치즈(Gouda cheese)가 만성 스트레스(CUMS, chronic unpredictable mild stress)에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. 치즈를 먹인 만성 스트레스 마우스 모델의 개선적 변화는 젖소 종에 관계없이 통계적으로 유의미하게 효과적으로 나타났다. 흥미롭게도 PCR을 통한 분변 미생물 균총 분석에서 저지 치즈를 섭취함으로써 Bacteroidetes가 증가하고 Firmicutes가 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 종합하면, 본 연구는 치즈 섭취가 스트레스 개선 작용이 있음을 제시하며, 특히 장내 미생물 균총의 유익한 방향으로의 변화가 관찰되는데, 치즈의 생리활성물질 혹은 장내미생물 균총의 대사물질들이 이러한 행동·정신학적 개선 작용과의 연관성이 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2010

The prevalence of overuse syndrome in the lower extremity including chronic compartment syndrome and stress fracture is increasing with popularity of sports activities. Chronic compartment syndrome is defined as elevation of the interstitial pressure during exertional activities in a closed osseofascial compartment that results in microvascular compromise and operative procedures can be necessary if conservative treatments fail. Stress fracture can be classified as fatigue and insufficiency fracture; stress fracture occurs by repeated strain under abnormal conditions from the patient's activity whereas insufficiency fracture does by those from a process intrinsic to the bone. Most stress fractures occur in the lower extremity, most commonly in the tibial region. Fatigue fractures begin in athletes with the change in their training programs. The radiographic findings are usually diagnostic or at least strongly suggestive and MRI has proven to be a beneficial diagnostic tool for difficult diagnostic cases. Fatigue fractures are treated with a decrease in activity, but surgical procedure may be necessary in those in anterior cortex of the tibial diaphysis.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2002

Objectives : The object of this study was to investigate the relationship between coping strategies and perceived stress or pain discomfort in patients with chronic low back pain. 80 patients with chronic low back pain and 100 normal controls participated in this study. Methods: Global assessment of recent stress (GARS) scale and Stress Response Inventory (SRI) were used to measure perception for stressors and stress responses. Coping scale and pain discomfort scale were used to measure coping strategies and pain perception. Results : Scores of perceived stress related to work or job, interpersonal relationship, changes in relationship, sickness or illness and the total scores on the GARS scale were significantly higher in those with chronic low back pain than normal controls. Scores of the SRI fatigue subscale scored significantly higher in those with chronic low back pain than normal controls. No significant difference was found on total scores of the pain discomfort scale between those with chronic low back pain and normal controls. The patients with chronic low back pain scored significantly higher on planful problem solving and positive reappraisal than normal controls. In the patient group, pain perception had significant positive correlations with total scores of the SRI and scores of stress perception related to illness or injury. The extent of escape-avoidance showed significant negative correlations with age, whereas the extent of distancing or escape-avoidance had significant negative correlations with the level of education. Significant difference was also found in accepting responsibilities between male subjects and females. However, no significant correlations were found between coping strategies and perceived stressors, stress responses or pain perception. Conclusion : The results suggest that patients with chronic low back pain were more likely to use more active coping strategies than normal controls, though the former had more perception for stressors than the latter. It was also found that coping strategies used by the patients were associated with sociodemographic factors, but that they were not associated with perceived stressors, stress responses or pain perception.

• 건강소식
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.24-25
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• 2010

스트레스는 양날의 검이다. 약간의 스트레스는 인생에 활기를 불어넣어 주고, 무엇을 성취하고자 하는 욕구를 자극하는 요소가 되지만 만성으로 발전하면 비만뿐만 아니라 건강을 해치는 주요 원인이 되기 때문이다. 만병의 근원인 스트레스가 어떻게 비만의 원인이 되는지 알아본다.