• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.387-395
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• 2004

A computer model was proposed to simulate channel changes and bed material sorting of the meandering channels with different grain size in time and space simultaneously. The bed at the outside of the meandering channel with mixed sediments was scoured deeply and composed of coarser materials, and at the inside was aggradated and composed of finer materials. The sorting process started at the upstream inflection point and was finished at the downstream inflection point. At the natural with complicated boundaries and non-uniform grain sizes, the bed near the outside at the bend and narrow width was scoured deeper with coarse materials than in the channel with uniform grain sizes. The point bars showed lip at the inside near the bend and the bed materials were finer The bed at the outside near the bend and in the narrow width was scoured deeply with the coarser materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.587-587
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• 2012

현재 대부분 하천관리의 흐름해석에서 주가 되었던 1차원 분석은 하천 단면에 따른 횡적인 수면차, 유속분포를 분석할 수 없다는 단점을 가지고 있으며, 특히 유량 및 유속이 급속도로 늘어나는 홍수시에는 그 오차가 더욱 커질 수 있다. 반면에 2차원 모형의 흐름해석은 사행하천의 흐름 특성과 만곡부에서의 종 횡방향 수면경사 및 양안의 수면차와 합류지점의 횡방향 흐름 등의 영향을 고려할 수 있으며 1차원 해석과는 달리 전 단면에 걸쳐 유속 및 수위 분포를 나타낼 수 있어 실제흐름에 가까운 수리량을 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구를 위해 적용된 해석모형인 SMS는 미국 Brigham Young 대학의 환경모형연구실과 미공병단(USACE)의 수로실험국(WES) 등에서 개발한 프로그램으로서 RMA2, RMA4, SED2D 모형 등으로 구성되어 있다. 각각의 모형은 수리 동역학적 해석, 오염물 이송확산 해석, 유사의 이송 및 퇴적 해석이 가능하며 이 중 RMA2를 이용한 2차원 흐름해석을 통하여 보다 적합한 하천관리에 이용가능하도록 하고자 한다. 연구대상 지역은 제주도 한천 하류부로서 제주도 하천 특성상 평상시 건천의 상태를 이루고 있으나 태풍 및 집중호우시 홍수유출이 발생하여 수위가 급격하게 상승하는 양상을 보인다. 대표적인 예로 태풍 '나리'시 최대 일강우량 420mm로 인한 인근 지역에 0.5 ~ 1.5m의 침수흔적을 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2011년 최고수위를 기록한 태풍 '무이파'를 대상으로 하였으며 대상지역의 Kalesto를 이용한 수위-유속 자료를 이용하여 산출된 유량을 경계조건으로 사용하였고 격자망 형성을 위한 지형 데이터는 지형도 및 측량자료를 이용하여 구축하였다. 사용된 대표적인 매개변수는 하상의 조도계수를 나타내는 Manning의 n값과 유체의 밀도, 속도구배, 구조 등 여러 가지의 유체조건에 따라 변하는 성질인 와점성계수(eddy viscosity)로 요약할 수 있으며 Manning의 n값은 하천설계기준에 따른 하천기본계획의 조도계수를 사용하였고 와점성계수는 적합한 흐름 분포를 결정하기 위해 흐름이 안정될 때까지 변화시켜 해석을 시행하였다. 해석결과 만곡부에서는 급한 흐름을 보이고 있으며 최대하폭 구간에서는 완만한 흐름이 나타나 사행하천의 흐름특성과 횡적인 하천단면에 따른 변화, 하상고 차이로 인한 유속분포를 확인할 수 있으며 이는 보다 유용한 하천관리에 이용가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.17-25
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• 2016

Revetments help protect levee slopes from erosion. If the design of the revetment is not appropriate, the levee may collapse as a result of scouring due to the strong flow velocity and tractive force. Therefore, when designing a revetment, it is very important to calculate the representative velocity. However, the average velocity and depth calculated by 1-D varied flow analysis are generally applied to the design, which do not reflect the increase in velocity caused by the free and force vortex. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the representative velocity in order to ensure the stability of the revetment in a meandering channel. In this study, the applicability of the method of calculating the representative velocity considering the curve and scour was studied (by comparing it with) the average and maximum velocities determined by numerical simulation. The representative velocity corrected for the effect of the curve and scour and the maximum velocity calculated by the numerical simulation were found to match quite well. In addition, the riprap size of the gabion in the meandering and straight channels were compared by applying them to the conventional design formulas. In the future, it is necessary to perform additional numerical simulations for various rivers with different characteristics, in order to propose a method of designing a suitable revetment for Korean characteristics. At this time, the results of this study are expected to be able to be used as basic data.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.529-536
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• 2016

The existing methods to estimate the maximum scour depth in the bend of steep gravel bed channel have been evaluated by the hydraulic movable-bed experiments. In the $90^{\circ}$ bend steep-slope channel paved with the fluvial gravels which are uniform in size and have a mean diameter of 43mm, the maximum scour depths due to the flow discharge and the gradient of bed slope have been investigated and compared with the scour depth computed from the equations. The local scour has occurred in conditions that the bed slope is steeper than 0.02 and the $F_r$ is greater than 0.95. Except Lacey's equation and Zeller's equation, the existing methods computing the maximum scour depth overestimate the maximum scour depth in the steep channel with the very coarse gravel bed. However, Lacey's equation with the bed material size and Zeller's equation considering the approach channel gradient and the bend angle may be relatively used to estimate the scour depth in bend of the steep gravel-bed river.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 1992

A feature typical of natural rivers is the bend. The purpose of this study is to examine hydraulic and morphometric characteristics in channel bend reach by the deterministic approach. Cross section shape factor, "As" is suggested for a new cahracteristic factor of channel bend reach analysis. The variation of this new factor along the river reach showed the location of the concentration of the force due to the current all over the reach, that is curved or not. Some general meander factors are used for correlation with new factor suggested, and the applicability of "As" is verified. The range R/W values are concentrated 2~4, the meanning of this value can be regarded to the warning for bank erosion or breaking. And this paper dealt with prediction of cross section bed shape variation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.674-678
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• 2010

하천 형상은 자연적인 흐름과 인간의 활동에 의해 다양한 형태로 변화되며, 이러한 변화과정을 통해 안정된 형상을 갖추어간다. 이러한 변화는 흐름과 상호작용 과정을 통해 진전되며, 하천의 형태를 변화시키는 흐름 또한 저수로 형태 및 수량적인 변화 등에 의해 다양한 특성을 갖게 된다. 본 연구에서는 하천 내의 형태가 인간의 활동에 의해 인공적으로 변화되었을 경우 하천의 수리학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 3차원 수치해석 모형인 EFDC(Environmental fluid Dynamics Code, 미국 버지니아 해양연구소 개발) 모형을 이용하여 검토하였다. EFDC 모형은 크게 유동, 퇴적물 이송, 수질의 세 부분으로 구성되어 있으며, 유동 모델은 수온과 염분이 고려된 3차원 천수방정식을 기본으로 하고 있다. EFDC 모형의 적용을 위한 Case1은 일반적인 저수로 형태 갖는 하천이며, Case2에서는 하천 저수로 내 인공적으로 하중도가 설치되었을 경우에 대하여 수리학적 특성을 모의하였다. 수치모의 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 수위변화는 하중도 유무에 따라 상하류 부분에서 전혀 다른 결과를 나타냈다. 유속분포는 Case1에 비하여 Case2의 경우 하중도 설치에 의해 하천의 상류부에서는 흐름의 정체부분이 나타났으며, 하류부에서는 급확대에 의한 유속의 감소가 나타났다. 그리고 하중도에 의해 저수로가 분기됨에 따라 저수로의 급축소부가 발생되고, 이로 인해 유속이 급속히 증가되었다. 본 연구의 Case2와 같이 하천에 하중도를 설치할 경우 만곡부 외측 부분에서는 유속의 현저한 증가가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같이 하중도의 설치 위치, 하중도의 규모 등에 따라 하중도 부분의 급격한 수위 및 유속 변화이 발생되는 것을 확인하였으며, 만곡부에 이와 같은 것을 설치할 경우 보다 정밀한 수리계산을 통해 안전성이 확보되는 하중도 설치가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2017

This study investigates the flow characteristics and bed changes with discharge using a two-dimensional numerical model, Nays2DH. The water depth at the outer part of curved channel is formed deeper from the narrow part after passing through the curved part. The point bar is developed in the wide section and water depth is shallow in the inside of the curved section. The flow is concentrated in the outer pater of the meandering section, which leads to the deep water. In the downstream section where the straight line formed, the flow is concentrated at the center of the bed. Alternating deep water and shallow places are generated due to the continuous formation of meandering. These characteristics are formed by the influence of strong two-stream flow in meandering stream. The dimensionless tractive force is also large in the region where the flow velocity is concentrated. However, in the narrow and sharp meandering river reaches, the pattern of bed changes and the spatial distribution patterns of flow velocity and dimensionless tractive force are inconsistent in the narrow and sharp meandered reaches due to the strong secondary flow.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.26 no.B
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Through the result of calculating the deviation between the value calculated from two-dimensional number formula, one-dimensional number interpretation, and curving part water surface type calculation method, we could confirmed that the deviation is reduced more than 50% when we use curving part water surface type calculation method. Also it was confirmed that there occurs the reduction rate of maximum 59% as the result of comparing with one-dimensional number interpretation since the reduction rate of safe room height was 20%, in 500 CMS of flood water quantity when we planted the construction of levee by curving part water surface type calculation method. And therefore, we have confirmed that the curving water surface type calculation method can be used as a simple formula in rivers with water quantity less than 500 CMS that flows in and out in Jess than 90 degree angle.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.26 no.A
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• pp.129-137
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• 2006

In this research, we made a one and two-dimensional analysis of numerical data collected from the bend curvature of a bended river section. According to the result from the numerical analysis, the inflow ＆ output angle caused a water level deviation which increased with an increase of the flood discharge. From the water level deviation of our two-dimensional numerical model, we obtained the maximum slope of 6,67% when the inflow and output angle was 105 degrees and the flood discharge was 500 CMS. As for the right side, the differences with the one-dimensional numerical model were reduced when the angle was more than $90^{\circ}$. As for the left side the differences were reduced when the angle was more than $105^{\circ}$. For a river with more than 90 degrees bend curvature, a hydraulic experiment would be more appropriate than a numerical analysis.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.25 no.A
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• pp.3-14
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• 2005

In order to accurately analyze the detailed hydraulic characteristics of the curved channel in the downstream of dam with the hydraulic structures such as bridge piers, RMA2 model which is one of two-dimensional models is applied to ChunCheon dam downstream curved channel. A series of hydraulic model tests are carried out for comparison studies. HEC-RAS model is also applied to the same site. There are no errors when velocities and water levels resulted from HEC-RAS model RMA2 model are compared with those of hydraulic model test on the straight channel. But, it is found that results of RMA2 model have a better agreement with those of hydraulic model test than those of HEC-RAS model on the curved channel with bridge piers. Additionally, RMA2 model can be predicted the eddy phenomena around bridge piers of the curved channel.