• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.162-164
• /
• 2004

1991년 영국의 TWI(The Welding Institute)에서 처음 FSW(Friction Stir Welding)가 개발된 이후로 전 세계적으로 관심이 증가하여 꾸준한 연구가 계속되고 있다. FSW공정은 특수하게 설계된 용접툴(tool)을 특정한 회전수로 회전시키면서 용접하고자 하는 재료의 용접라인에 삽입하여 용접에 필요한 마찰열과 소성변형을 발생시키고, 그 후 용접라인을 따라 툴을 이동시킴으로써 용접이 이루어지는 매우 간단한 공정이다. (중략)

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.757-766
• /
• 1985

Both in-process quality control and high reliability of the weld is one of the major concerns in applying friction welding to the economical and qualified mass-production. No reliable nondestructive monitoring method is available at present to determine the real-time evaluation of automatic production quality control for friction welding machine. This paper, so that, presents the experimental examinations and statistical quantitative analysis of the correlation between the initial cumulative counts of acoustic emission(AE) occurring during plastic deformation period of the welding and the tensile strength of the welded joints as well as the various welding variables, as a new approach which attempts finally to develop an on-line (or real-time) quality monitoring system and a program for the process of real-time friction welding quality evaluation by initial AE cumulative counts. As one of the important results, it was well confirmed that the initial AE cumulative counts were quantitatively and cubically correlated with reliability of 95% confidence level to the joint strength of the welds, bar-to-bar (SCM4 to SUM31, SCM4 to SUM24L) and that an AE technique using initial AE counts can be reliably applied to real-time strength evaluation of the welded joints, and that such a program of the system was well developed resulting in practical possibility of real-time quality control more than 100% joint efficiency showing good weld with no micro-structural defects.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 1995

This study was performed to optimize friction welding conditions of Cr-Mo steel bars used for hydraulic of pneumatic valve spools and to realize the real-time evaluation of weld quality by acoustic emission method. SNCM220, SCM435, SCAM645, and SCM415 steel bars were tested to find optimum conditions of friction welding. Auantitative equations which exhibit the relations of tensile strength, elongation, reduction of area and energy absorption with friction heating time were obtained by the experiment. Acoustic emission was also performed in the friction weldig process, and the real-time evaluation was enabled to find the optimum range of weld strength. Finally, the strength and toughness of welded joints were interpreted by the sem analysis of tensile fracture surfaces.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 1997

Friction welding technique was studied to weld the turbine wheel and shaft of a turbocharger. The welding parameters were selected to investigate the effects of variables on welding quality of Inconel 713C and SCM 440. Experimental results showed that the turbine wheel and shaft could be successfully welded by friction welding. The heat affected zone was identified to be 2 mm from the weld seam. After welding, the hardness profile was found to have sudden increase and decrease for inconel 713C and SCM 440 respectively. Tensile strength of welded specimens was higher than the required strength for all of the studied welding parameters. The central portion of fracture surfaces by bending had no defects such as crack.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.10 no.1 s.34
• /
• pp.101-113
• /
• 1998

In this study, we research the influence of butt-welded joints in high tension bolted joints on the static and fatigue strength. As a results, if it's located inside or outside of the friction surface, the fatigue strength decrease, and the decrease of fatigue strength is greater in cases that the butt-welded joints exist outside of the friction surface. But the influence of butt-welded joint on the fatigue strength satisfies category B of the Specifications.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 1997

The complete joining method for dissimilar press punch materials and its real-time evaluation method is not available at present. Brazing method has been used for joining them, but it is known that the welded joint by the brazing has the lower bonding efficiency and reliability than the diffusion welding. The friction welding with a diffusion mechanism in bonding was applied in this study. This work was carried out to determine the proper friction welding conditions and to analyze mechanical properties of friction welded joints of sintered carbide tool materials (SKNM50 for the blade part of press punch) to alloy steel (SCM440 for the shank part of press punch) using aluminum (A6061 for the interlayer material) as an insert material between the sintered carbide tool materials and the alloy steel. In addition, acoustic emission test was carried out during friction welding to evaluate the weld quality.

• Journal of the KSME
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.184-190
• /
• 1982

어쿠우스틱 에밋션(AE)법에 의한 마찰용접강색도의 공정중 해석에 관한 실험적 연구에서의 탐 색적 연구결과는 다음과 같은 예비적 결론으로 나타내진다. 1) 철금속의 만족한 마찰동정을 달성할 때는 두개의 AE 돌출이 나타난다. 그 하나는 A역인 용 접사이클 중에 일어나는 것이며, B역인 또 다른 하나는 용접종료후 2, 3초 지나서 시작되는 냉 각중의 돌출이다. 최초의 돌출은 주로 재료의 소성변형에 기인하며, 두 번 째 AE 방출은 일반 적으로 크기가 더 크며 냉각중의 마르텐사이트 변태의 결과라고 해석된다. 2) AE의 초량과 강의 마찰용접강도 사이에는 일정한 상관관계가 존재한다고 생각된다. 실험적 오차를 더욱 감소시킨다면 정량관계가 수립될 수 있을 것이다. 3) 트랜스듀서와 기타 부품의 적절한 선택에 의해 철금속의 마찰용접품질(강도)을 공정중에 탐 색하기 위한, AE 법에 의한 공정중 용접강도 해석 시스템의 개발 가능성이 있다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 1990

2024 Aluminium was welded by domestic manufactured continuous type friction welder. The problems and optimum condition were studied in 2024 Al-2024 Al cases. Mechanical tests and microstructure analysis were studeid. Interfacial temperature of welding was predicted by FDM. The obtained results are as follows: 1) In case of Al-Al, the optimum condition range was wide. 2) At the boundary zone, fine recrystallized zone was not harmful to the mechanical property and no growth of precipitation was observed. 3) In case of Al-Al, temperature gradient can be predictedby FDM and heat input can be taken as weld parameter.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 2001

In this paper, not only the development of optimizing of friction welding with more reliability and more applicability but also the development of in-process real-time weld quality (such as strength and toughness) evaluation technique by acoustic emission for friction welding of the engine exhaustive valve (SUH3-SUH35 dissimilar steels of 12.3mm, 16mm, 20mm, and 24mm in diameters) were performed, comparing with the other FRW matches of materials such as SUH3 to SUH31, STS303 and SUH3 to STS304. As an important result, the techniques for dissimilar friction welding optimization of engine heat resisting steels SUH3 and SUH35 (12.3mm, 16mm, 20mm, and 24mm) and its real-time weld quality evaluation by AE was developed, considering on both diameter and carbon equivalent effects.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1992

저탄소강은 일반적으로 용접성이 우수하지만 완전한 접합 강도와 용접부에서의 결함을 방지하기 위해서는 많은 주위가 필요하다. 용접부의 기계적 성질은 그 미세구조에 따라 좌우되는데, 이 구조는 모재의 화학조성, 용접 조건 그리고 후열처리에 의하여 결정이 된다. 이와 같이 용융용 접에 의한 저탄소강의 접합부는 저탄소함량으로 응고 균열에 대한 저항이 높다. 그러나 탄소의 함량이 증가하므로서 용접성은 저하하여, 0.3% 이상에서 용접부는 과열, 과냉, 저온 균열과 porosity에 취약하게 된다. 구조용강애 있어서는 용접성에 대한 일반적인 기준이 없으므로 이 러한 재료는 모재와 용접부의 기계적 성질, 고온 및 저온 균열성, 열간 및 냉각가공성등을 고려 하게 된다. 그러나 가장 중요한 것은 용접부의 신뢰도이다. 탄소강과 저합금강에 있어서 용접은 높은 강도를 얻을 수 있어야 하며 접합부에서 모재의 원래의 특성을 유지하여야 하고 결함이 없어야 할 것이다. 이와 같은 결함은 모재의 융접 이하에서 접합을 실시하는 고상접합으로 충 분히 억제할 수가 있다. 고상접합에서는 근본적인 미세조직의 결정화도 피할 수 있으며 고온균 일과 같은 결함의 위험도 배제할 수 있다. 고상접합은 용융용접과는 달리 모재를 용융시키지 않고 고체상태에서 접합을 하는데, 신금속 및 신소재의 개발과 첨단산업의 발달로 고상접합 기 술이 크게 각광을 받고 발전하게 되었다. 이와 같은 접합기술의 발전으로 기존의 용접으로는 접합이 불가한 소재, 용접기술의 적용이 곤란한 복잡한 형상, 복합기능 소재, 고품질 및 고정밀 성이 요구되는 소재등이 접합이 가능하게 되었다. 이러한 접합기술로는 brazing, 확산접합, 마찰 용접 등이 주로 많이 이용되고 있다. Brazing은 융점이 낮은 filler metal이 모재의 사이에서 용 융상태로 유입되어 냉각되면서 접합되는 방식이고 확산접합은 모재의 접합계면에서 원자의 상호 확산으로 접합을 하게 된다. 한편 마찰용접은 계면에서 회전에 의한 마찰열고 접합하는 방식 이다. 본 기술해설에서는 이러한 고상접합 기술을 이용한 철강재료의 접합에 대하여 고찰하도록 하겠다.