• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.576-581
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• 2021

In the post-epidemic era, COVID-19 has not yet been fully controlled. Wearing masks is still the main means of epidemic prevention, and the negative effects brought by masks continue to continue. Wearing a mask for a long time can cause two problems. The first problem is hypoxia, and the other is an increase in psychological stress. To reduce the negative impact of masks, this paper proposes a new breathing mode. It is the "Umm~" vocal breathing mode, which simultaneously solves the two problems of hypoxia and increased stress. This paper explores the reasons why new breathing patterns can relieve stress. Explains the relationship between HRV and stress index and uses SDNN as an indicator to detect stress index to confirm the effectiveness of this breathing pattern. Experimental results prove that the "Umm~" vocal breathing mode can not only relieve the stress induced by wearing a mask. And when not wearing a mask, it can also be used to relieve daily stress. This method that anyone can easily implement should be more popularized.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.465-475
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• 2021

This study conducted an online and offline survey of 210 people from March 11 to 27, 2021 for the purpose of investigating and analyzing the current status of skin stress recognition and beauty care behavior due to wearing masks. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 with Cronbach's α, Frequency Analysis, Chi-square test, and One way Anova. The average daily mask wearing time of more than 7 hours during the Covid-19 period was 43.8%, and skin stress recognition by wearing masks was highest among those in their 30s (M=4.27) and service workers (M=4.64), and those with acne and skin troubles (M=4.47) perceived high stress. The most important factor for home care treatment was cleansing(67.6%) and for beauty care was skin care(36.7%). Considerations factors on beauty care were 54.3% for service and customer care capabilities, and on body shape management method 45.7% for exercise. According to this study, respondents are recognizing skin stress due to the long-term use of masks, and home care treatment has been increasing as the esthetic salon has become unstable to visit due to the Covid-19 epidemic.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.439-446
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• 2021

This study was to investigate whether there are differences in subjective bad breath-related characteristics and psychological characteristics of sports masks printed with natural minerals compared with quarantine masks and cotton masks. The study subjects were divided into 30 people in the Sports Mask Group, 30 people in the KF Mask Group (KMG), and 30 people in the cotton mask group (CMG), and a total of 90 subjects participated in the study. It was randomly sent to use 1 mask per day and 3 masks for 3 days. The study period was conducted from October 15, 2020 to October 30, 2020. As a result of the study, there was no difference in the use of masks between the three groups in terms of bad breath health and dry mouth. However, the sports mask was superior to other masks in oral respiration and bad breath angle. As a result of analyzing psychological factors, there was no difference between the 3 groups for depression. However, in the stress factor, sports masks were superior to other masks in stress. The results of this study are valuable as suggesting the direction of use of functional masks, and we hope that they will be used as basic data for functional mask research to be studied in the future.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.177-177
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• 2003

GaN 에피층을 성장에 있어서 가장 문제가 되는 통과 전위를 줄이기 위한 방법 이 여러 가지로 진행되고 있다. 그중에서도 PE(Pendeo Epitaxy) 방법으로 많은 연구가 이루어 졌는데 이경우에 열적인 요인으로 인해 발생하는 스트레스와 마스크 물질로 인하여 그러한 물질들이 서로 반응하거나 성장시 악영향을 끼쳐 결국은 성장되는 GaN층의 결정학적 기울기의 원인이 된다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 이러한 마스크를 제거하여 PE GaN에서 마스크와 수평으로 자라나는 GaN층사이의 간섭이 사라져서 결정학적 기울기가 감소시킬 수 있게 되었다. 이 연구에서 우리는 위에서 언급했던 마스크를 사용하지 않은 PE GaN의 미세구조적인 특성과 전위들의 거동을 투과전자현미경, 주사 전자현미경 그리고 HRXRD(High Resolution X-Ray diffraction)결과를 이용하여 살펴보았다.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2019

This study is intended to present the direction of art mask design development and help people's life care by producing an art mask with the motif of the characteristic of abjection concept. It went through the definition and characteristics of abject and abjection focusing on previous research, professional books and art works. The characteristics of abjection based on theoretical research are to express death with dead bodies and skulls, including the dismantling of ideal beauty standards, the expression of fragmented bodies, and the expression of sick and alienated bodies. This researcher produced 6 research works by combining the fascinating abjection, induced by ugly and disgusting abject, to design factors. These works fragmented each part of the facial form by the cutting and dismantling, and made viewers feel the abjection by giving a grotesque deformation. The results obtained through the research works are as follows. First, It was found that the abjection characteristics-applied works was helpful in the treatment of the mental wound of modern people. Second, the production of works based on the abjection characteristics paved the way to expand the scope of art mask design concepts and establish the new design ideas. Third, the application of the motif using the abjection characteristics to the art mask design showed that the use of various objects could express creative designs and secure diversity in using materials. In the future, this researcher hopes that such research will be used as the basic data of the follow-up study on art mask design, and it will help develop art mask designs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.34D no.2
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• pp.38-45
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• 1997

In this paper, the three-dimensional stress effect of thermal oxide is simulated. We developed a three-dimensional finite element numerical simulator including three-dimensional adaptive mesh generator that is able to refine and eliminate nearby moving boundary of oxide, and oxidation solver with stress model. To investigate the behavior of thermal oxidation the simulations of thermal oxidation for island and hole structures are carried out assuming silicon wafer of <100> direction, temperature of $1000^{\circ}C$, oxidation time of 60min, wet ambient, initial oxide thickness of $300\AA$, and nitride thickness of $2, 000\AA$. The main effect of deformation at the corner area of oxide is due to distribution of oxidant, but the deformation of oxide is affected by the stressin theoxide. In the island structure which is the structure mostly covered with nitride and a coner is opended to oxidation, oxidation is reduced at the coner by compressive stress. In the hole structure which is the structure mostly opedned to oxide and a coner is convered with nitride, however, oxidation is increased at the coner by tensile stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.381-381
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• 2013

유기물/무기물 나노복합체를 사용한 비휘발성 메모리 소자는 낮은 공정 가격 및 높은 유연성 때문에 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 나노복합체를 사용한 비휘발성 메모리 소자의 형성 및 전기적 특성에 대한 연구는 많지만, 나노 입자가 포함된 고분자층을 이용한 플렉서블 유기 메모리 소자의 전기적 특성 및 동작 메커니즘에 대한 연구는 미미하다. 이 연구에서는 나노입자와 고분자가 혼합된 나노복합체를 유연성 있는 indium-tin-oxide (ITO)가 코팅된 polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 기판 위에 형성하여 비휘발성 메모리 소자를 제작하여 유연성 있는 기판이 휘어짐에 따른 전기적 특성과 기억 메커니즘을 설명하였다. 나노입자가 포함된 고분자층은 스핀코팅 방법을 이용하여 쉽게 형성한 후, 그 위에 금속 마스크를 사용하여 상부 Al 전극을 형성하였다. Al/나노입자가 포함된 고분자층/ITO/PET 메모리 소자의 전류-전압 (I-v) 특성에서 낮은 전도도와 높은 전도도를 갖고 있는 쌍안정성 동작을 관측할 수 있었다. 같은 조건에서 나노입자가 포함되지 않은 메모리 소자를 제작하여 측정한 I-V 특성은 쌍안정성 동작이 일어나지 않은 것을 관측하였다. 실험적 결과를 바탕으로 나노입자가 쌍안정성을 일으키는 메모리 저장 물질임을 확인할 수 있었다. 유연성 있는 기판의 휘어짐에 따른 I-V 특성과 스트레스에 의한 전도도 상태 유지 능력 측정을 수행하여 기판 휘어짐에 따른 전기적 특성과 안정성이 변화되는 것을 관측하였다. 측정된 I-V와 스트레스에 의한 전도도 상태 유지 능력 측정 결과를 기반으로 기억 메커니즘과 기판의 휘어짐에 따른 안정성을 설명하였다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.415-419
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• 1997

A novel fiber optic sensor is demonstrated using a FBG in PM(Polarization-Maintaining) fiber. Gratings have been written in a Bow-Tie type fiber using the phase mask. The operation of the sensor simply involves monitoring back-reflected Bragg wavelengths from the grating. Since PM fiber has two principal semi-axes with two indices of refraction, two Bragg wavelengths were observed. We have observed the position of Bragg wavelengths for PM FBG shifted simultaneously by either applying the longitudinal strain or temperature change. The wavelength sensitivity of 1.2pm/$\mu$$\varepsilon$ about a longitudinal strain and the wavelength sensitivity of 11.4pm/$^{\circ}C$ about a temperature have been experimentally achieved. The wavelength sensitivity of both longitudinal strain and temperature are approximately same with the reported values for the single mode FBG. On the other hand, the change of separation between Bragg wavelengths was observed by the applying transverse stress. We observed that the separation between two Bragg wavelengths is proportional to the applied transverse stress. The wavelength sensitivity of 14.6 pm/N about a transverse stress has been achieved. We have demonstrated PM FBG sensors can measure the transverse stress independently from the effects of temperature.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the anti-aging effect of Rosa damascena extract containing low molecular glycoprotein (RELG) converted from the high molecular glycoprotein by bioconversion. Free radical scavenging activities were performed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Antioxidant activities ($IC_{50}$) of RELG and the positive control ascorbic acid were $22.6{\mu}g/mL$ and $21.1{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. For skin cells, $15{\mu}g/mL$ RELG showed 28% antioxidant activity by inhibiting the production of active oxygen species induced by ultraviolet ray and hydrogen peroxide. $15{\mu}g/mL$ RELG prevented 10% the cell death caused by stress in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HDPC) and reduced 90% the production of active oxygen species. In addition, the glycoprotein showed not only anti-wrinkle effect but also moisturizing effect by 48% inhibition of matrix metallo proteinase-1 (MMP-1) production by ultraviolet stress and $10{\mu}g/mL$ RELG enhanced 10% neutral lipid synthesis with 44% aquaporin 3 (AQP3) expression, which is moisture factor. In conclusion, the RELG can be used as an anti-aging cosmetic material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.233-233
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• 2013

유기물/무기물 나노복합체를 이용하여 제작한 비휘발성 메모리 소자는 간단한 공정과 플렉서블 기기 응용 가능성 때문에 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 다양한 나노입자를 포함한 고분자 박막에 대한 연구는 많이 진행되었지만, 비휘발성 메모리소자에서 CdSe/InP 나노입자를 사용한 나노복합체의 전기적 안정성과 동작 메커니즘에 대한연구는 미흡하다. 본 연구는 CdSe/InP 코어/쉘 나노입자가 poly (N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) 박막에 분산되어 있는 나노복합체를 이용하여 메모리 소자를 제작하여 전기적 특성과 안정성을 관찰 하였다. 소자 제작을 위해PVK 고분자를 용매인 클로로벤젠에 용해한 후, 헥산에 안정화 되어있는 CdSe/InP 나노입자를 초음파 교반기를 사용하여 고르게 섞었다. Indium-tin-oxide (ITO)가 증착한 유리 기판을 화학물질로 세척한 후 기판 위에 CdSe/InP 나노입자와 절연성 고분자인 PVK가 혼합된 용액을 스핀코팅 방법으로 도포하여 나노입자가 포함된 고분자 박막층을 형성하여 저항 변화층으로 사용하였다. 형성된 박막 위에 마스크를 사용하여 Al 상부전극을 고진공에서 열 증착하여 비휘발성 메모리 소자를 제작하였다. 제작된 소자의 전류-전압(I-V) 특성을 측정한 결과 동일전압에서 전도도가 좋은 상태 (ON)와 좋지 않은 상태 (OFF)인 두 개의 상태상 존재한다는 것을 확인하였고, CdSe/InP인 나노입자가 포함된 소자와 포함되지 않은 소자의 전기적 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 두 상태의 안정성을 ON 또는OFF 상태의 스트레스를 측정하여 두 상태의 안정성을 확인하였고, 실험결과를 바탕으로 메모리 소자의 동작 메커니즘을 기술하였다.