• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.200-207
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• 1997

The throughfall, stemflow and precipitation interception during the period of May to November 1995 were compared between three stands of Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis and Quercus species stand growing at Kwangju-Gun, Kyunggi-Do. The total amount of precipitation during the period in the study area was 1,821mm, higher than average precipitation. The amount of interception showed 21.8% of the total precipitation in Quercus stand, whereas 15.7 and 19.4 in P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis stands, respectively. Precipitation leached on forest floor was occupied mainly by throughfall for all the stands, and it was specially higher in P. koraiensis stand. The amount of stemflow was appeared higher in Quercus stand(5.0%) than P. koraiensis stand(1.1%) or L. leptolepis stand(1.1%). The relationship between throughfall or stemflow and total precipitation in all the stands were highly significant.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.240-248
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• 1997

기존 연구 문헌의 고찰로 서울시 야생조류상의 현황 및 관리방안은 다음과 같이 결론지을 수 있다. 1. 서울시 야생조류상에 대하여 물새와 산새를 모두 연구한 결과가 아직 발표되지 않아 정확한 현황은 파악하기 어려우나 번식기에는 약 40 여종, 겨울철에는 40여종이 서식하는 것으로 볼 수 있으나, 앞으로 정교하며 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다. 2. 도시림 뿐만 아니라 주변의 패치를 동시에 고려한 통합적 접근방식(intergrated approach)으로 도시림을 연구하여 관리해야 할 것이다. 3. 도시림의 면적은 도시림에 번식하는 야생조류의 종 수에 큰 영향을 미치는 지배적인 인자로써 도시림이 더 이상 다른 토지이용 형태로 전환되지 않도록 관리하는 것이 가장 기초적인 관리 지침이다. 4. 대면적의 숲이 세분화 될 경우, 여름철새의 번식에 지장이 있을 수 있으므로 대면적 숲의 세분화를 막아야 하며, 가능한 한 생태통로(eco-corridor)로 세분화 된 숲을 연결할 수 있는 기술을 개발해야 할 것이다. 5. 도시림에 생육하는 임목 중 대경급 임목은 나무구멍을 둥지자원으로 이용하는 조류의 중요한 은신처와 둥지이므로 대경급 임목을 대신할 수 있는 인공새집의 설치는 나무구멍을 둥지로 이용하는 조류의 번식 종 수를 높이는 방법이다. 또한, 도시림이 시민에 의해 과도하게 이용될 경우, 관목층이 제거되어 관목층을 둥지자원으로 이용하는 조류의 서식에 불리한 조건을 제공할 수 있으므로 등산로 주변에 관목성 수목을 밀식하여 등산로의 확폭과 파괴를 막아야 할 것이다. 풍부한 먹이 자원을 제공하기 위하여 관목층 보호를 꾀하고 임목의 조림과 무육에 힘써야 할 것이다. 6. 동일한 면적에서 번식 조류 종 수를 높이는 방법은 엽층의 피도량을 늘이는 것이다. 현재 서울의 도시림은 엽층의 분화보다는 우선, 피도량의 증가를 위해 노력해야 하며 후에 엽층의 다양성을 높여 산림의 수직적 구조를 다양하게 만들어야 할 것이다. 7. 들고양이와 들개에 의한 소형 조류의 피해가 늘고 있으므로, 야생조류의 천적인 들고양이와 들개를 구제해야 할 것이며, 이에 앞서 서식실태가 조사되어야 할 것이다. 8. 한각을 비롯한 지천의 하변에 서식, 월동하는 물새류와 서식지에 대한 연구와 관리가 시급히 이루어져야 할 것이다. 9. 산불방지와 도시림 정비의 일환으로 실시해 온 관목층과 낙엽 및 죽은 가지를 제거하는 비과학적인 관행과, 하천유지유량을 높이고 하변 정비 및 산불 방지으 ㅣ한 방편으로 진행된 하변 식생 제거는 전문가와 충분히 제고한 후, 없어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.4
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• pp.436-445
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• 2018

This study aims to find out factors to affect forest area of public sector such as state forest and estimate optimum area of state forest in Korea. This study was carried out with the rate of public forest and public forest per capita as dependent variables and 15 independent variables to the 35 countries in OECD countries using analysis of linear regression. From research, optimum area of the public forests of Korea was estimated from to minimum 2,136,000 hectares to maximum 2,667,000 hectares, based on OECD countries. The public forest areas of Korea were 1,984,000 hectares in 2010. To reach the average level of OECD countries, it is required that public forest areas of Korea are expended from minimum 152,000 hectares to maximum 683,000 hectares. It is hard to expect that enhancing the areas of public forest in Korea through expanding local government owned forest areas. Therefore, it required that state forest areas are expanded by Korea government.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2022

One of the main goal of gas turbine rim seal research is to prevent thermal damage at rotor-stator disk by preventing hot gas of main flow in turbine passage. To increase sealing performance, several studies related to the improvement of rim seal configuration have been conducted. In addition, research based on actual operating condition is needed in order to apply effective turbine rim seal configuration. In this study, numerical simulation was conducted with variation of rotor rim seal thickness. Radial and axial expansion cases were tested numerically in this study. As a result, the cases showed different pressure distribution, sealing performance and flow characteristics according to the amount of secondary flow.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.113-126
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• 2013

This study was performed to introduce ecological education program as for reporting the current vegetation state within the remaining trees as ecological golf course and to provide basic data. The survey site was S Golf course, which is located in Woonseodong, Incheon city. Its total area was about $3,298,428m^2$, but the relict forest was about $225,143m^2$. Existing landuse, topological structure, the flora, actual vegetation, and plants community structure survey were performed within the relict forest. As result of comparing and analyzing the existing land use, the relict forest was distributed in the forested areas (89.2%) and around the area (10.8%) which had been bare land and SAMMOK earthen ramparts. There were two courses (Ocean and Hanul) with the relict forests. The ocean course was compared of a natural forest, such as Quercus spp. mixed forest, Quercus acutissima forest, Pinus thunbergii forest within the rock fields, and an artificial forest (Ailanthus altissima-Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest) and Quercus acutissima - Elaeagnus umbellata forest. On the Hanul course, Pinus rigida forest and Robinia pseudoacacia forest were the main vegetation, which were artificial forest. It was the contrast aspect of vegetation species in a natural forest, a restoration forest and an artificial forest, which were Q. spp. mixed forest 26~28 species in a natural forest within the vegetation type per investigation area, 3 Pinus thunbergii forest species, and 5~7 artificial forest species on the Hanul course. Based on these vegetation status, the Ocean course was designed into ecological theme spaces named 'Quercus spp.' indigenous forest, 'Pinus thunbergii' restoration forest and ecological story of 'SAMMOK earthen ramparts'. The Hannul course was designed into an artificial forest observation area of 'Robinia pseudoacacia' and 'Pinus rigida' and a fragrance forest area of 'Robinia pseudoacacia'. At the time of the discussion about the introduction of eco-friendly approval system of golf course, it would be estimated that this survey would work as a major material not only raising awareness of the golf course on the ecological environment but also providing programs that can contribute to the community.

• 산림경영
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• s.95
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• pp.17-21
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• 1993

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to estimate dynamics of litter production and soil organic carbon of Pinus densiflora forest, Quercus mongolica forest, and Rhobina pseudo-acasia forest at Mt. Nam as a part of Korea National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) from 2008 to 2009. Litter production of P. densiflora forest was the highest in October 2008, 2009 and the lowest in January 2008 and December 2009. Litter production of Q. mongolica forest was the highest in November and the lowest in February in 2008 and 2009. Litter production of R. pseudo-acacia forest was the highest in November in 2008 and October in 2009 and the lowest in January in 2008 and December in 2009. It means that leaves of P. densiflora forest shed earlier than deciduous oak forests in Korean central region. An average of litter production for 2 years was 7.07, 6.36, $4.66ton\;ha^{-1}$ in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively. An average of soil organic carbon matter for 2 years was 88.3, 76.5, $84.2ton\;ha^{-1}$ in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.157-164
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• 2011

Long-term annual water balances are analyzed for two forest catchments located in Gwangneung covered with forests of different types and ages. The water balance trends of the two catchments from 1982 to 2009 are compared to identify the effect of forest growth and thinning on the water balance in a planted coniferous forest catchment. According to the averaged annual precipitation and runoff for the four designated periods from 1982 to 2009, the water balance of the old natural broad-leaved forest catchment (GB) remained relatively unchanged. In contrast, the young planted coniferous forest catchment (GC) showed significant changes in the water balance due to the forest growing and thinning. The results showed that the catchment runoff decreases with increasing tree age whereas the forest thinning results in an increase in catchment runoff. The mean annual runoff from the catchment GC after thinning increased by 1.7 times, compared with the mean annual runoff before forest thinning. The mean annual runoff from the catchment GB was very stable throughout the period. However, such an effect of forest thinning appeared to last only for about 10 year-period, after which the water yield increment in the catchment GC disappeared. It indicates that the proper forest management should be reconsidered at the interval of 10 years to effectively reduce water loss and increase water yield in the planted coniferous forest.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.364-373
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• 1999

This study aims to clarify the effect of forest management practices(thinning and pruning) on soil physical properties and water quality to get the fundamental information on the facility of purifying water quality after forestry practices. Rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, soil and stream water were sampled at the study sites which consist of Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis, in Kwangnung Experimental Forest for 6 months from March 1 to August 7, 1998. Average tree height of the management site increased by 1.8m and 0.6m more than that of the non-management site in Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis, respectively. Increment of average D.B.H. at the management site showed 4.7cm and 1.4cm more in Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis compared with that at non-management sites. Coarse(less than pF2.7) and total porosities of A layer soil at the management site increased more than those at the non-management sites in both stands. Otherwise, soil bulk density resulted in being reversely. Water qualities of throughfall, stemflow and soil water were buffered more by the management practice in both.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.110-123
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• 2017

The authors reviewed the history of creation and management, purposes, extents, methods of creation, planting species and mediums, structure of vegetation layers and legal management, etc. of coastal forests of Korea. Since the Goryeo dynasty, the inhabitants in the coastal regions has long been aware the safety from natural disasters and the local governments manages for the defence and natural disasters, and collaboration among GO and NGOs, as well as enterprises are participating to the conservation of coastal forests in Korea. The purposes of creation and management of coastal forests in historical aspects are prevention of disasters, safety by the Fengsui, military uses, and timber productions, but partly as the places for religious beliefs, safety from diseases and fires, increasing of forest products and fishes, as well as tourists, improving of amenity and landscapes and recreation, inherits of traditional culture, habitats for wildlife, and ecological corridors, etc. The inhabitant in the coastal region who experienced frequent natural disasters has strong supports for the conservation of coastal forest and as a natural resources to inherits to the coming generations as the coastal forests has high values of academic researches on human society, culture, ecology and recreational uses, etc. The extensive overall researches on the creation and managements of coastal forests, as well as cultural tradition in the coastal forests of Korean peninsula are critically essential.