• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2006

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.86-92
• /
• 1995

두경부 림프종은 두경부 림프절에 발생하는 호지킨씨병과 림프절외 림프종이 주종인 비호지킨 림프종 두종류가 있으며 이들 모두 완치율이 매우 높은 암종에 속하므로 병리학적 진단 후 정확한 병기분류를 위하여 권유되고 있는 검사들을 빠짐없이 실시하여야 된다. 조직학적 분류 및 병기가 결정된 후 내과종양의와 치료방사선의사 사이에 충분한 의 견교환을 거쳐 일차치료에 의한 근치를 유도키 위해 최선의 치료를 선택 실시함이 두경부 림프종 치료의 원칙이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2001

Purpose : This study was peformed to evaluate the cosmetic outcome of conservative treatment for early breast cancer and to analyze the factors influencing cosmetic outcome. Materials and Methods : From February 1992 through January 1997, 120 patients with early breast cancer were treated with conservative surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The types of conservative surgery were quadrantectomy and axillary node dissection for 108 patients $(90\%)$ and lumpectomy or excisional biopsy for 10 patients $(8.3\%)$. Forty six patients $(38\%)$ received adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF or CAF). Cosmetic result evaluation was carried out between 16 and 74 months (median, 33 months) after surgery. The cosmetic results were classified into four categories, i.e., excellent, good, fair, and poor. The appearances of the patients' breasts were also analyzed for symmetry using the differences in distances from the sternal notch to right and left nipples. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent variables influencing the cosmetic outcome. Results : Cosmetic score was excellent or good in $76\%$ (91/120), fair in $19\%$ (23/120) and poor in $5\%$ (6/120) of the patients. Univariate analysis showed that tumor size (T1 versus T2) (p=0.04), axillary node status (N0 versus N1) (p=0.0002), extent of surgery (quadrantectomy versus lumpectomy or excisional biopsy) (p=0.02), axillary node irradiation (p=0.0005) and chemotherapy (p=0.0001) affected cosmetic score. Multivariate analysis revealed that extent of surgery (p=0.04) and chemotherapy (p=0.0002) were significant factors. For breast symmetry, univariate analysis confirmed exactly the same factors as above. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size (p=0.003) and lymph node status (p=0.007) affected breast symmetry. Conclusion : Conservative surgery and postoperative radiotherapy resulted in excellent or good cosmetic outcome in a large portion of the patients. Better cosmetic results were achieved generally in the group of patients with smaller tumor size, without axillary node metastasis and treated with less extensive surgery without chemotherapy.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.124-131
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify prognostic factors in gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis and to specifiy which prognostic factors can be available in detail according to the depth of invasion. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was based on the medial records of 268 gastric cancer patients who received resectional therapy from 1990 to 1999. The patients who revealed pT2NOMO, pT3NOMO, pT4NOMO on postoperative pathologic reports were enrolled. The survival rate was analyzed according to clinicopathologic and therapeutic factors. Results: According to the depth of invasion, the number of patients with pT2a, pT2b, pT3 and pT4 were 86 (32.1%), 56 (20.9%), 108 (40.3%), and 18 (6.7%) respectively. Age, depth of invasion, histological type, Borrmann type, and Lauren classification were statistically significant in the univariate analysis, and the age, the depth of invasion, and Lauren classification were independent prognostic factors identified by multivariate analysis. On multivariate analysis of subgroups according to the depth of invasion, the independent prognostic factors were age, Borrmann type, and Lauren classification in pT2, and age, Lauren classification, and vascular invasion in pT3. The prognostic factors of pT4 patients could not be analyzed due to limited sample size. Conclusion: In advanced gastric cancer patients without lymph node metastasis, age, the depth of invasion, and Lauren classification should be checked to predict prognosis. In patients with pT2 lesion among the above patients, the Borrmann type should be added in check-list.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2005

Purpose: Early gastric cancer (EGC) has an excellent prognosis compared to advanced gastric cancer. The 5-year survival rate for EGC now exceeds $90\%$, and EGC is recognized as a curable malignancy. The important prognostic factor in EGC is the status of lymph-node metastasis. Despite conserving surgery being suggested for EGC at present, it is of vital importance to select a surgical method appropriate to each individual case. This retrospective study was undertaken to clarify clinicopathologic features and factors related to lymph-node metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer in order to determine an appropriate therapy. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed the clinicopathologic features for 279 patients with a submucosal gastric carcinoma (Group I) and compared with those of patients with mucosal (Group II) or muscularis proprial gastric carcinoma (Group III). All patients were operated on from 1981 to 1999 at Chonnam University Hospital. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups with respect to age, gender, tumor location, hepatic metastasis, or peritoneal dissemination. Results: Positive lymph node metastasis was found in 47 ($16.8\%$) of the 279 patients with a submucosal gastric carcinoma. The incidence of lymph-node metastasis was significantly higher in patients with a submucosal gastric carcinoma than in patients with a mucosal gastric carcinoma ($16.8\%\;vs.\;3.9\%\;$; P<0.01). Therefore, depth of invasion was a significant factor affecting in lymph-node metastasis. The 5-year survival rates were $88.6\%$ for patients in Group I, $95.2\%$ for patients in Group II, and $72.7\%$ for patients in Group III (P<0.01 for Group I vs. Group II; Group I vs. Group III). In patients with a submucosal gastric carcinoma, the survival rate with positive lymph nodes was significantly poorer than that of patients without lymph-node metastasis ($87.3\%\;vs.\;94.2\%$; P<0.01). Conclusion: Gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection is an appropriate operative procedure for patients with a submucosal gastric carcinoma.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2016

Purpose Sentinel lymphoscintigraphy (SLS) was using only $^{99m}Tc-phytate$. If the supply is interrupted temporarily, there is no alternative radiopharmaceuticals. The aim of this study measure the particle size of radiopharmaceuticals and look for radiopharmaceuticals which can be substituted for $^{99m}Tc-phytate$. Materials and Methods The particle size of radiopharmaceuticals were analyzed by a nano-particle analyzer. This study were selected known radiopharmaceuticals to be useful particle size for SLS. We were divided into control and experimental groups using $^{99m}Tc-DPD$, $^{99m}Tc-MAG3$, $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ with $^{99m}Tc-phytate$. For in-vivo experiment, radiopharmaceuticals were injected intradermally at both foot to perform lymphoscintigraphy. Imaging was acquired to dynamic and delayed static image and observe the inguinal lymph nodes with the naked eye. Results Particle size was measured respectively Phytate 105~255 nm (81.9%), MAG3 91~255 nm (98.7%), DPD 105~342 nm (77.3%), DMSA 164~ 342 nm (99.2%), MAA 1281~2305 nm (90.6%), DTPA 342~1106 nm (79.4%), and HDP 295~955 nm (94%). In-vivo delayed static image, inguinal lymph nodes of all experiment groups and two control groups are visible to naked eye. however, $^{99m}Tc-MAG3$ of control groups is not visible to naked eye. Conclusion We were analyzed to the particle size of the radiopharmaceuticals that are used in in-vivo. Consequently, $^{99m}Tc-DPD$, $^{99m}Tc-DMSA $are possible in an alternative radiopharmaceuticals of emergency.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.96-103
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Lymph node metastasis is an important factor in determining prognosis and therapeutic options for early gastric cancer (EGC) patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and D are known as lymphangiogenic factors, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is thought to play a role in lymph node metastasis in gastric carcinoma. This study was designed to determine whether the expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and COX-2 is associated with clinicopathologic factors, especially lymph node metastasis in EGCs invading the submucosa. Materials and Methods: Tissue samples were obtained from 85 Patients undergoing standard gastrectomy with lymph node dissection between 1991 and 2007 in the Department of Surgery of Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital in Daejeon, Korea. All patients were diagnosed with gastric cancers and submucosal invasion. We examined the expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and COX-2 using immunohistochemical methods. Results: Of the 85 patients, 16 (18.8%) had lymph node metastasis. VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and COX-2 were positively expressed in 34.1% (29/85), 22.3% (19/85), and 37.6% (32/85) of the patients. VEGF-C and COX-2 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). A positive correlation existed between VEGF-C and COX-2 expression (P< 0.001). Conclusion: VEGF-C and COX-2 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer with submucosal invasion. VEGF-C and COX-2 may thus be predictive markers for lymph node metastasis in EGC patients with submucosal invasion.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.474-485
• /
• 2000

Background : Current studies on multimodal strategy for N2 non-small cell lung cancer are being high interest, have drawn much attention. N2 lung cancer, however, is composed of is divided into several sub groups with that have different prognoses. The prognostic factors still remain controversial. Methods : Between January 1990 and June 1999, 180 patients with N2 lung cancer who underwent surgical resection were investigated, excluding 10 of these for surgical mortality. All patients underwent mediastinal lymph node dissection. 20 clinicopathologic factors were investigated by univariable and multivariable analyses to identify significant prognostic factors among resected N2 disease. Results : The overall 5-year survival rate was 20.6%. Multivariable analyses among overall patients revealed 3 significant prognostic factors : Age, Histologic type, Vascular invasion. Based on the result, 49 patients with both age more than 60 and pathologic Non-squamous cell showed a 5-year survival of 5.0%, whereas 37 patients with neither of the factors showed a 5-year survival of 56.6%(p<0.001). And 12 patients with both vascular invasion and pathologic Non-squamous cell showed a 5-year survival of 11.9%, whereas 67 patients with neither of the factors showed a 5-year survival of 33.6%(p=0.01). Conclusion : The prognosis of surgically resected N2 disease varies according to the 3 significant prognosis factors. Tumor size may be an additional influencing factor in the prognosis of N2 disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 1993

Background: Accurate staging of bronchogenic carcinoma is important in determining resectability and metastasis of tumor to the subcarinal nodes is generally believed to indicate poor prognosis. The technique of Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) has offered a safe & effective way to asscess mediastinal lymph node involvement in the staging of lung cancer. We performed TBNA in patients who were suspected lung cancer to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the TBNA. Method: TBNA of the subcarinal lymph node was performed at the time of initial diagnostic bronchoscopy in 60 patients with suspected lung cancer, and 42 cases of histologically proved bronchogenic cancer were analized. Results: The frequency of adequate samples by transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) was 81% and the positive rate of malignant cells by TBNA was 14.7%. There were no differences in positive rates by tumor cell types. In patients with thickened carina on bronchoscopy, the TBNA was positive in 33.3% as compared to 5.3% of normal carina on bronchoscopy, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). In patients with enlarged subcarinal lymph node on chest CT, the positive rate of malignant cells (50.0%) was higher than that of normal sized subcarinal lymph node on chest CT (4.8%) (p<0.01). There were no specific complications in the TBNA procedure. Conclusion: TBNA is a relatively safe procedure and it offers the possibility of avoiding the cost and morbidity of surgical staging in patients especially whose carina is thickened on bronchoscopy and whose subcarinal LN was enlarged on chest CT.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.390.1-390.1
• /
• 2004