• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.49 no.spc1
• /
• pp.224-229
• /
• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.32 no.7
• /
• pp.1075-1081
• /
• 2008

Eco-friendly processing using enzymes has been focused in textile industry in order to reduce environmental pollutions. This paper was suggested to hydrolyze non-cellulose, such as fats and waxes in cotton fabrics by lipase treatment. Enzymatic treatment conditions were controlled according to pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, and treatment time. The physical properties of the lipase-treated cotton fabrics were evaluated by measuring weight loss, moisture regain and dyeing properties. The surface morphology of lipase-treated cotton fabrics were observed by SEM. As a result, the optimum conditions for the lipase treatment were at pH 4.2, temperature 50$^{\circ}C$, concentration 50%, and treatment time 90 minutes. Calcium chloride and Triton X-100 were effective auxiliaries in lipase treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.41 no.12
• /
• pp.672-676
• /
• 1997

Microsomal phospholipase D (PLD) in rat brain was solubilized employing 0.2 % taurodeoxycholate in high ionic strength. Phopholipase D activity was determined by measuring product phophatidic acid (PA) using isotope-labelled dipalmitoylphophatidylcholine as a substrate. The solubilized PLD showed an optimal pH of 6.5 and the highest activity at 30$^{\circ}C.$ These properties were similar to those of microsomal PLD before solubilization. The stimulatory effect of oleic acid was observed at the concentration of 4 mM. When effects of metal ions on PLD activity were examined, alkaline earth metals such as $Mg^{2+},\; Ca^{2+},\; Sr^{2+}, \;Ba^{2+}$ promoted the PA production but $Cu^{2+},\; Cd^{2+},\; Al^{3+},\; Ni^{2+},\; V^{5+}$ showed inhibitory effects.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.452-456
• /
• 2010

It is known that 1,3-diglyceride (1,3-DG) hardly accumulates inside human body because the metabolism of 1,3-DG is entirely different from that of general fats such as triglycerides (TG). This research focuses on the selective synthesis of 1,3-DG by the esterification reaction using an immobilized lipase. For a reaction between glycerin and oleic acid (OA) with a mole ratio of 1 : 2 under vacuum, changes in the compositions of monoglyceride (MG), TG and DG and the contents of 1,3-isomers in DG were investigated, as a function of reaction temperature and the amount of lipase. The reactivities determined by the rate of the consumption of OA became higher with the increase in temperature and the amount of lipase. When the results were compared with those obtained in the earlier study where Novozym was applied as an immobilized lipase, the reactivity was higher for Novozym, on the other hand, selectivity to 1,3-DG was much higher for Lipozyme. Especially, it is remarkable that 1,3-DG content in total DG reached to 98% in the reaction carried out at $50^{\circ}C$ using Lipozyme.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.466-471
• /
• 2003

The effect of polyamines on the cabbage phospholipase D(PLD) activity was investigated. The PLD activity was determined by pH-stat titration of phosphatidic acid, one of the enzymatic reaction product, using phosphatidyl choline small unilamellar vesicles as a substrate. The cabbage PLD was activated approximately 4 fold by spermine at 1 mM concentration. This spermine effect appears to be similar to the previous report on the PLD activation of rat brain mitochondrial fraction. It was also found that cationic polypetides such as polylysine and polyhistidine exerted a marked enhancement effect on the cabbage PLD. Particularly polyhistidine exerted approximately 5.5 fold enhancement effect at 0.062 mM concentration. The polyamine effect on the cabbage PLD was reexamined in the phosphatidylcholine/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixed micellar system. The relevance of polyamine effect on PLD activity is discussed in relation to the active site of PLD.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 1998

Experiments on the process development for the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil by using acyl chain specificity of Candida cylindracea lipase were performed. Five kinds of oils were hydrolyzed with Candida cylindracea lipase. Among then, Candida cylindracea lipase just had low activity on the PUFAs-rich fish oil. After the hydrolysis of fish oil, free fatty acid was removed and fatty acid components of glyceride mixtures were analyzed. When the hydrolysis was about 70%, the DHA content in the glyceride mixture was about three times more than that in the original fish oil. The EPA and stearidonic acid contents in the glyceride mixtures, however, were similar to that of the original fish oil. In this work, these results showed that the concentration process of PUFAs by using the acyl chain specificity of Candida cylindreacea lipase was effective in producing glycerides that contained a high concentration of PUFAs in good yield.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2005

차세대 재생산성 에너지로 각광을 받고 있는 바이오디젤은 현재 주로 알칼리촉매를 이용하는 화학공정으로 생산하고 있으나 고에너지 요구성이며 대규모 생산시 폐수발생 등 환경오염 유발요인이 있기 때문에 친환경 생물공정의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 생물촉매 리파제(lipase)를 이용하는 친환경 생물공정은 화학공정에 비해 다양한 장점을 제공하고 있으나 고가의 효소생산 비용문제로 실용화에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 저비용의 생물학적 바이오디젤 생산 시스템 구축을 위해 고활성의 효소 개발, 경제적 재조합 대량생산, 반복 재사용을 위한 효소고정화 등을 통해 고효율의 생산반응계를 개발하였다. 우선 바이오디젤 생산공정에 적합한 리파제로서 CalB(Lipase B of Candida antarctica)를 선택하고 분자 진화기술을 이용하여 효소활성을 17배 향상시킨 CalB14를 개발하였다. CalB14를 효모 발현시스템을 이용하여 경제적 대량생산하기 위해 단백질분비를 획기적으로 개선할 수 있는 맞춤형 분비융합합인자기술(TFP technology)을 이용하여 재조합 CalB를 2 grams/liter 수준으로 분비생산하였다. 생산된 효소를 반복 재사용이 가능하도록 다양한 레진에 고정화하였고 최적의 바이오디젤 전환반응용 고정화효소를 개발하였다. 고정화효소를 효율적으로 재사용하기 위해 바이오디젤 생산용 고정상반응기(packed-bed reactor)를 제작하였으며 기질을 12시간내에 95% 이상 바이오디젤로 수십회 이상 반복전환할 수 있는 경제적인 생물학적 바이오디젤 전환 시스템을 구축하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.240-245
• /
• 2003

$({\pm})-2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-cyano-2-phenyl-1-hexanol$ (2) and acetate ester (3) were resolved by various lipases. (R) and (S)-systhane were synthesized by the resolved compound 2. The antifungal screening of (R), (S)-systhane and $({\pm})-systhane$ against wheat leaf rust and barley powdery mildew gave activity over 92% in concentration of 2 ppm, but (R)- and (S)-systhane were not more active than $({\pm})-systhane$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.448-452
• /
• 2000

Phospholipase D(PLD) is the enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of the terminal phosphcester bond of phospholipid head group to produce phosphatidic acid and the corresponding base. The effect of spermine on the PLD activity of rat brain mitochondrial preparation was investigated. Spermine, in the presence of oleic acid, activates the rat brain mitochondrial PLD, whose effect was further enhanced by the presence of divalent cation, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Ba^{2+}$. Among the various monoamines tested, only histamine at the high concentration was effective in activation the PLD. Polylysine increased the PLD activity, particularly, the longer chain of the molecule activated the PLD more effectively. There was no significant difference in the substrate specificity for the PLD activity between phosphatidylcholine(PC) and phoshpatidylethanolamine (PE). This substrate specifitiy is different from the PE specificity reported for the intestinal mitochondrial PLD.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.251-253
• /
• 1984

A simple and modified method is developed to determine a lipase activity. A linear relationship exists between the color intensity and the free fatty acid liberated by enzyme action. The range of determination is from 0.05 to $1.5\;{\mu}moles$ of long chain fatty acid (oleic acid) and 0.2 to $2.0\;{\mu}moles$ of short chain fatty acid (caproic acid). The cumbersome procedure of the removal of the upper aqueous phase which was required in the previous copper soap extraction method was eliminated by the movement of solvent phase to upper phase in the respective biphasic system with a mixture solvent (chloroform: n-hexane:ethanol = 49:49:2) and copper reagent saturated with sodium chloride.