• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.700-707
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to monitor physicochemical changes of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) muscle by iced water pre-treatment. Moisture content, crude fat content, nucleotide content, texture (hardness and toughness), and rigor mortis were assessed. The sensory evaluation was performed with a nine-point hedonic test. K-values, a parameter of fish flesh freshness, were also calculated from the content of nucleotides and their corresponding decomposition products. Pre-treatment of flounder flesh with iced water was found to be fresher compared to the control, as determined by a difference in the K-values. Iced water pre-treatment hastened postmortem stiffness, as judged from the rigor index, and increased inosine monophosphate (IMP), which is known to be a savory taste compound, more quickly as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation proceeded.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.570-575
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• 2015

The green algae have cellulose as a main structural component of their cell wall and the cellulose content in green algae is much higher than other marine algae such as brown algae and red algae. Furthermore, green algae do not contain lignin in their cell wall and store starch as food in their plastids. Thus, it was investigated that the effect of hydrothermal pretreatment process utilizing microwave irradiation for Ulva pertusa Kjellman, a division of green algae, which is expected to be utilized for bioenergy production, on the enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrothermal temperature have an effect on the pretreatment of Ulva pertusa Kjellman, but the effect of power of microwave irradiation is negligible. The rate of enzymatic hydrolysis was increased as the hydrothermal temperature increased until $140^{\circ}C$. The enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Ulva pertusa Kjellman under the optimum pretreatment conditions (50 W of microwave irradiation power and $150^{\circ}C$ of hydrothermal temperature) with cellulase, ${\alpha}$-amylase, and Novozyme 188 having ${\beta}$-glucosidase acitivity resulted in the saccharification of 96 wt% of total carbohydrate in Ulva pertusa Kjellman during 3 hrs, while it took 24 hrs for the enzymatic hydrolysis of untreated Ulva pertusa Kjellman. It confirmed that the hydrothermal pretreatment was effective on Ulva pertusa Kjellman for the enzymatic hydrolysis.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.301-309
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• 2015

Importance of pretreatment for seawater desalination is growing rapidly. Proper selection of pretreatment is critical for the successful, long-term operation in the seawater desalination plant such as seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO). The purposes of seawater pretreatment are to remove particulate, colloidal materials, organic, inorganic materials, microorganisms and their by-products present in the seawater, and thus to improve the performance of seawater desalination systems. However, pretreatment is most challenging for designing and operating seawater desalination plants because of fluctuations of water qualities, site specifications and wide ranges of target materials present in the seawater to be treated. In addition, it is also becoming evident increasingly that microscopic algae are a major cause of operational problems, for example, membrane fouling which is long-standing problem in SWRO process. Pretreatment strategies prior to the operation of seawater desalination technologies should be even more complicated by algae blooms and release of their harmful by-products in marine environment. This paper reviews the roles of various pretreatment methods in seawater desalination process. Benefits and drawbacks are described, which should be taken into account in future studies on selecting pretreatment for seawater desalination process.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

In this study, biochemical methane potential test was conducted to estimate ultimate methane and carbon dioxide yield for anaerobic digestion and pretreatment with sewage sludge cake. Two of 0.2 % TS of sewage sludge cakes were treated with 5M NaOH or sonication of 0.51 W/mL during 30 min respectively. Another sample was treated simultaneously with NaOH and sonication in same condition. Then, initial soluble COD increased from 33.1 mg/L to 494 mg/L. After BMP test, methane production ranged from 3.12 and 84.2 mL $CH_4$ per g of Volatile Solid (VS) and 9.2 and 13.5 mL $CO_2$ per g of Volatile Solid (VS) for carbon dioxide. In other tests, injection of nutrient media or sludge supernatant produced 73.1 and 73.8 mL $CH_4$ per g of Volatile Solid (VS) and 11.2 and 13.6 mL $CO_2$ per g of Volatile Solid (VS) respectively. When BMP test finished, 62 % of initial volatile solids decreased to 33.8~45.4 %. Simultaneous pretreatment increased soluble COD, reduction rate of volatile solids and digestion efficiency than those for alkaline and ultrasonic pretreatment.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.56
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• pp.75-115
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• 2014

The text reviewed in this paper "Dongbangsaek is the Secret (Dongbangsaegi bigyeorira)" is in the collection of the Yulgok Memorial Library of Dankook University. With 13 leaves ($35.7{\times}22.3cm$) bound with thread, the booklet has been transcribed by hand. Although there is no record on the place, person and year of transcription, it is estimated to have been transcribed in the 20th century based on the use of the period, a punctuation mark. In addition, the complete absence of dialect vocabulary also shows that it was transcribed in the capital area-Seoul or Gyeonggi Province. It is assumed that the text is part of a Buddhist scripture chanted by an exorcist during a shamanistic ritual. As a booklet containing secret methods to divine what is auspicious and what is ominous in daily life, it must have been transcribed by an exorcist to use it for her ritual.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.49-62
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• 2004

• KPRC NEWS
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• no.5
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• pp.15-17
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• 2004

• Resources Recycling
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.8-17
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• 1994

• Resources Recycling
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.18-23
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• 1994

• Resources Recycling
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.29-32
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• 1994