• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.53-70
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• 1999

본 논문은 기업의 자본구조가 결정되어 있고 경영자에게 특정한 형태의 보상이 주어진 상태에서 경영자의 생산량 결정에 대하여 분석하였다. 생산물 시장이 쿠르노 경쟁상태에 있음을 가정할 때 스톡옵션과 상여금을 경영자 보상으로 갖는 경우 주식 가치 극대화를 위한 생산량과 다른 생산량을 선택하게 됨을 보여 주고 있다. 스톡옵션의 경우에는 옵션행사의 한계 경제상태와 기업 부실화의 한계 경제상태가 일치하지 않기 때문에 경영자는 주식 가치 극대화를 위한 생산량과는 다른 선택을 하게 되며 상여금의 경우에도 상여금 지급의 한계 경제상태에 따라서 주식 가치 극대화를 위한 생산량과는 다른 선택을 하게 된다. 또한 스톡옵션 행사가격과 상여금 지급의 목표이익이 증가하면 경영자의 최적 생산량은 증가한다. 반면에 스톡옵션 행사가격과 상여금 지급의 목표이익이 증가하면 경쟁기업 경영자의 최적 생산량은 감소한다. 그러나 상여금의 경우에는 경영자가 주주의 이해와 일치하는 의사결정을 내리도록 하여 주는 목표이익이 존재하지만 스톡옵션의 경우에는 이와 같은 보상체계가 존재하지 않는다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.291-305
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• 1995

본 논문은 지역간의 경쟁을 통한 환경재의 획득과정에 대해서 분석하였으며, 특히 경쟁의 과정에서 자발적 참여집단 (critical mass)의 존재가 경쟁의 결과에 미치는 영향에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 환경재에 대한 지역간의 경쟁(지대추구경쟁)은 Katz-Nitzan-Rosenberg(1990) 모형을 기초로하여 분석하였으며 지역집단간의 경쟁에 있어서, 구성원은 비협조적 쿠르노-내쉬(Cournot-Nash) 방식에 의해서, 그 자신의 이익(지대)을 획득하기 위한 경쟁을 벌이는 것으로 가정하였다. 어떤 지역집단이 환경재 획득경쟁에서 이길 확률은 궁극적으로 그 지역에 유치될 환경재의 크기(화폐가치로 환산한)에서 받는 영향의 정도 ${\alpha}$( 단. $0{\leq}{\alpha}{\leq}1$)의 상대적 크기에 비례하여 결정된다. 그러나 환경재획득경쟁에서 발생하는 고정비용 M의 규모가 커지면, 그것이 특정지역의 자발적 참여집단의 최소규모 상향조정을 요구하게 되어, 자발적 참여집단의 수가 경쟁에 결정적 영향을 미칠 가능성이 많게 된다. 특히 환경재로부터 받는 영향의 정도인 ${\alpha}$의 값이 작은 집단은 큰 집단에 비하여 항상 더 많은 자발적 참여집단의 구성원 수를 요구받게 되며, 고정비용 M의 값이 계속 커짐에 따라 이러한 최소한의 자발적 참여집단의 구성원수의 증가속도도 경쟁집단에 비하여 점점 더 커지게 된다.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.246-259
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• 2011

Examining the relation between market structure and the value of innovation is important for competition and STI policy. If the value is large in a specific industry structure, government may lead the industry to take that form to enhance innovation. Our simple calibration in the case of linear demand and constant Me results in the conclusion that the incentive for R&D in the case of major and minor innovation in Cournot competition is less than that of merger and cooperative R&D. This emphasizes again "necessary evil" as a monopoly for innovation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2017

In order to reduce costs of electricity energy at periods of peak demand, there has been an exponential interest in Demand Response (DR). This paper discusses the effect on the participants' behavior in response to DR. Under the assumption of perfect competition, the equilibrium point of the electricity market with DR is derived by modeling a DR curve, which is suitable for microeconomic analysis. Cournot model is used to analyze the electricity market of imperfect competition that includes strategic behavior of the generation companies. Strategic behavior with DR makes it harder to compute equilibrium point due to the non-differential function of payoff distribution. This paper presents a solution method for achieving the equilibrium point using the best response function of the strategic players. The effect of DR on the electricity market is illustrated using a test system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.838-839
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• 2007

전력산업의 시장구조는 과점형태의 불완전 경쟁의 구조로 해석하는 것이 일반적이다. 또한 전기의 물리적 특성상 송전선로에서는 전력손실이 발생하게 되는데, 본 논문은 과점시장 모델로서 쿠르노(Cournot)모델을 사용하여 손실을 포함한 내쉬 균형점을 해석한다. 지역별 한계가격(Locational Marginal Price ; LMP)와는 달리 계통한계가격(System Marginal Price ; SMP)는 손실에 대한 가격신호를 시장에 반영하기 어렵기 때문에 손실과 함께 한계송전손실계수(Marginal Loss Factor ; MLF)를 적용하여 균형상태의 시장거래가치를 비교분석한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 2019

In this study, we experiment by making and designing of compression ignition diesel engine witch has air cooling, 2-cylinder and 2-strokes. Also, we make controller witch can control injection timing and period by arbitrary manual operation for change of injection timing. We also study experimentally in change about pressure and power of combustion chamber by increasing density of air which comes into cylinder because of increasing scavenging pressure. Through this, we confirmed that output change and scavenging pressure can develop performance of the engine by scavenging efficiency of a chamber and development of volume efficiency.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.389-401
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• 2023

Climate, weather, insolation (solar radiation), and solar energy in major cities of Tajikistan were investigated prior to construction of infrastructure for the Dushanbe Solar Station. In Dushanbe city there was a 70% probability of sunny days from May 16 to October 23, a period of 5.2 months. August had the most sunny days of in the year, with 99% probability of a sunny, the cloudiest month was February with a 41% chance of being sunny. In major cities of the Sughd and Gorno-Badakhshan states, the average number of cloudy days per month was ~3.3, with Dzhauz having 53 day and Fedchnko Glacier 79 days. For the 18 major cities of Tajikistan, the average annual total solar radiation was 2,429 W/m², and the average monthly solar radiation was 202 W/m². The city with the lowest annual total and monthly average solar radiation was Shartuz in Sughd state, with values ~2.7% less than the national average. The cities with the highest annual total and monthly average solar radiation were Khorog and Jirgatol in Gorno-Badakhshan state, with values ~10% above the national average. The daily average incident shortwave solar energy in the cities Dushanbe, Karakul, and Jirgatol was ~7.8 kWh per 2.4 m² during summer (May-August), and 2.7 kWh during winter (November-February), or ~35% that of summer.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.129-143
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• 2012

This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of advanced spatial modeling techniques for environmental monitoring and impact assessment through a case study of Chernobyl nuclear accident occurred in 1986. Land-cover types changed after the accident are analysed by a post classification comparison method using bi-temporal Landsat TM data acquired in 1986 and 1992 near the accident site. Spatial modeling including various kriging algorithms are also applied to analyze the relationships between Cesium concentrations in soil and thyroid cancer incidence rates in Belarus, which was greatly damaged by the accident. The change detection results clearly showed the decrease of croplands and the increase of abandoned lands, and concrete structures were newly built around the nuclear plant to prevent the spread of radioactive contamination. In Belarus, high Cesium concentrations were observed in southern areas with high thyroid cancer risk estimated by Poisson kriging. Geographically weighted regression, which could account for geographic variations of independent variables including Cesium concentrations and distances from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, was applied to extract the relationships between the independent variables and the thyroid cancer risk. The estimated risk values showed a correlation coefficient value of 0.98 with respect to the thyroid cancer risk values, which implied that the thyroid cancer risk in Belarus was affected by the accident. In conclusion, it is expected that advanced spatial modeling techniques applied in this study would be useful for environmental impact assessment and public health research.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.12-23
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the innovative and experimental housing design alternatives in the transition period to the modern era and to discuss about the motivation of modern architectural form. Thus, first, this study examined the planning concepts and the meaning of new design of the four Werkbund dwelling Exhibitions in eastern Europe reflecting the demands of modern times. Second, I analyzed how the formative experiment appeared as a stereoscopic mass design and as a architectural composition in exterior. Experimental trials at housing exhibitions were to respond to the demands for the new forms, which required a new approach to modern style and aesthetics. The major features of formative experiments can be summarized as follows. First, new housing design have escaped from the historically descended style. Secondly, through the operation of volume and surface modern dwelling created a formative conformation. Finally, the shape and the surface replaced the decoration. In conclusion, the works of modern architects can be said to have achieved the harmony between 'purpose of expression' and 'technical purpose' in realizing the 'Zeitgeist' that corresponds to the paradigm of modern housing.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.191-207
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• 2009

Manufacturing companies expand their revenue sources by advancing into upstream or downstream of business value chains with special focus on service. Such a new movement is called as servicizing. We introduce various successful cases of automobile industry in Korean and overseas countries. Information technology has been taking a critical role in automobile manufacturer's servicizing efforts leveraging their manufacturing capabilities and brand power. Servicizing cases include telematics, collision prevention, used-car sales, rental, and car life of Japanese, German and three Korean automobile companies.