• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.52-59
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• 1987

The result of the screening of lectins on 28 species of marine shell fishes(mollusks) showed that 10 species (Tapes philippinarum, Cyclosunetta menstrualis, Neptunea arthritica cumingii, Omphalius pfeifferi carpenteri, Chlorostoma argyrostoma turbinatum, Chiorostoma argyrostoma lischkei, Semisulcosira corea, Neptunea polycosta, Babylonica japonica, Noverita didyma) were present hemagglutinating properties to human A, B, and O group, and animal blood erythrocytes. A new lectin from Tapes philippinarum. was isolated and partially characterized. The lectin was purified by (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$ precipitation and ion exchange chromatography on DE 53 column. Six fractions were obtained from DE 53 column by salt gradient elution but only 0.3M, and 0.4M NaCl fraction had strong lectin activity. On its 0.3M NaCl fraction, purity was identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This lectin was inhibited by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. It seems that two kinds of lectin react as antigen by immunochemical studies.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 1987

Twenty species of higher fungi growing in the wild were collected and studied extensively for their lectin activities by using erythrocytes of human, rabbit and mouse blood. In total, 14 species demonstrated hemagglutination with some kinds of erythrocytes. Of twenty species, eight (Boletus edulis, B. splendidus, Clavaria zollingeri, Lactaritis subzonarius, L. volemus, Russula cutefracta, Pholiota squarrosa, and P. aspera) were shown lymphoagglutination with murine splenic lymphocytes. Protein contents were estimated from the crude lectin fraction. Above mentioned eight species contained relatively high amounts of proteins than other mushrooms. Since these species had coincidently, hiig emagglutinating activity as well, we could define them as lectin-containeing mushrooms. Some species also contained mitogenic lectins toward murine splenic lymphocytes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.113-113
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• 1995

본 연구는 표고버섯에서 분리정제한 렉틴 성분(LEL)을 말초혈액 단핵세포(PBMC)에 반응시켜 사이토카인 유도능을 지질다당류(LPS)와 비교하여 역전사효소 중합반응법(RT-PCR)으로 측정하였다. 측정 대상 사이토카인은 IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF$\alpha$ 및 IFN${\gamma}$의 다섯가지였으며 이들을 대상으로 PBMC에 렉틴을 적용하여 1, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120분 등의 시간대에서 반응시켜 사이토카인의 유전자 발현 유도에 관한 다음의 결과를 얻었다. LEL의 사용 농도에 따른 편도선 림프구(tonsillar lymphocyte)의 TNF$\alpha$ 유전자 발현 양상은 반응 1시간의 경우 LEL의 일부 농도와 LPS 전농도에서 관찰되었으나 반응 40시간째에는 LEL 전농도와 LPS 전농도에서 TNF$\alpha$ 유전자 발현 양상을 관찰할 수 없었다. RT-PCR 결과 원액이나 회석액 재료로부터 관찰된 TNF$\alpha$유전자 band의 강 약 차이는 나타나지 않았다. LEL의 자극에 의한 반응 시간대 별 PBMC에 의한 사이토카인 유전자 발현 양상은 위에서 언급된 다섯가지 사이토카인을 유도, 생성할 수 있다는 것이 확인되었는데, IL-2, IL-6 및 IFN${\gamma}$는 120시간까지 장시간 지속되는 유전자 발현이 가능한 반면 TNF $\alpha$의 생성 양상은 이들 사이토카인의 생성 양상과는 판이하게 반응 1, 8 및 24 시간대까지만 TNF$\alpha$ 유전자 발현을 관찰할 수 있었고 IL-1은 72 시간까지 반응을 나타내는 등 특이적 양상을 보였다. 한편 LPS는 실험에 사용된 전 사이토카인의 유전자 발현을 120시간대까지 반응이 유지됨을 관찰하였기에 LPS가 PBMC의 강력한 사이토카인 유도체임을 입증할 수 있었으며 LEL과 다소 상이한 결과를 보였으나 LEL 또한 PBMC로부터 사이토카인을 생성 유지시킬 수 있는 유도체로 작용함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to investigate the lectin of soybean (Glycine max L.) seed. Purification was done by 50-80% ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column. The purity was ascertained by electrophoresis. The molecular weight of purified lectin was estimated as 132,000. It was composed of three subunits which molecular weight was 45,000. The lectin was identified as glycoprotein by Schiff's reagent staining and Dubois method. The lectin agglutinated erythrocytes of rabbit and human. The amounts of the lectin to agglutinate human erythrocytes differed among the blood types: The blood type A required the least amount, the next was B, O, and AB in order. The agglutination was specifically inhibited by 5${\mu}$g/ml of N -acetyl.-D-galactoseamine and 200${\mu}$g/ml of D-galactose. Other tested sugars could not inhibit the agglutination of the erythrocytes by the lectin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.838-847
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• 1999

Based on the results that the extract of Korean mistletoe (KM-110) has immunological and anti-tumor activities and its main component is lectin called KML-U, this study was carried out to investigate the immunostimulatory and anti-tumor activities of FKM-110, fermented KM-110 with lactobacillus, as a basic study for the development of functional food with anti-tumor activity. The amount of lectin after fermentation determined by ELISA was varied with the fermentation time and kinds of lactobacillus. Cytotoxic effects of FKM-110 on the various tumor cells was significant and dependent on the concentration of KML-U and the kinds of lactobacillus. FKM-110 stimulated macrophage and resulted in the secretion of some cytokines such as IL-1 and $IFN-{\gamma}$, but this effect was not correlated with the concentration of lectin. FKM-110 fermented with Marshall Lactobacillus casei showed the most potent antitumor activity in experimental and spontaneous metastasis models. When yoghurt produced with KM-110, Marshall Lactobacillus casei and skim milk was administered orally to mouse, the metastasis of tumor cells was significantly inhibited.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1541-1552
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure and secretory function of the von Ebner's gland in parasympathetic or sympathetic nerve innervation. Sprague Dawley rats were sacrificed 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days after bilateral glossopharyngeal or hypoglossal nerve axotomy, respectively. The circumvallate papilla portion of the tongue was dissected and we observed morphological changes in the von Ebner's gland. The properties of glycoconjugate in the von Ebner's gland were investigated using nine biotinylated lectins (PSA, UEA I, GSL I $B_4$, ECL, DBA, SBA, HPA, SJA, or sWGA). Compared with the control group, cytoplasmic vacuoles appeared in the serous acini of the von Ebner's gland in the 3-day group, and the serous acini were significantly vacuolized and degenerated in the 10-day group after glossopharyngeal nerve axotomy. However, the structure of the von Ebner's gland did not change after hypoglossal nerve axotomy. In the control group, the von Ebner's glands secreted glycoconjugates containing ${\alpha}$-D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oligomer, and the amount of the secretion decreased significantly in the 10-day group after glossopharyngeal nerve axotomy. However, the amount of the glycoconjugate secretion did not change after hypoglossal nerve axotomy. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the glossopharyngeal nerve containing parasympathetic nerve fibers is important for maintaining the structure of and secretory function in the von Ebner's gland in rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.632-638
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• 2023

A soybean cultivar with a green seed coat and cotyledon contains high levels of lutein, which is beneficial for eye health. Plus, antinutritional components such as lipoxygenase, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), lectin and stachyose exist in the mature seed. The genetic elimination of these antinutritional factors is a necessary step in green soybean breeding. This research was conducted to improve a new green soybean line with the green cotyledon and tetra null genotype (lox1lox2lox3tilers2) in terms of lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin and stachyose. We used five germplasms to develop a breeding population. A total of 69 F₂ seeds were obtained from the cross of parent 1 and parent 2, and from those, 21 F₂ seeds were selected that had the green seed coat color, and which were free of lectin protein. Next, four F₂ plants with the green seed coat and tetra null genotype were selected from the breeding population derived from four genotypes. The absence of lipoxygenase, KTI and lectin proteins was confirmed in the F₅ strain. The breeding line has a green seed coat, green cotyledon and white hilum color. The 100-seed weight and stachyose content for the breeding line were 30.7 g and 2.40 g/kg, respectively. The line selected in this study could be used as a cultivar or parent to improve colored soybean cultivars through the removal of antinutritional components such as lip- oxygenase, KTI, lectin and stachyose.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.313-319
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• 2024

Cultivars or genetic resources with a black seed coat and green cotyledons are rich in lutein, which can promote eye health, and anthocyanin, known for its numerous health benefits. However, mature seeds also contain P34, 7S α' subunit, and lectin proteins, which are allergenic and degrade quality. Here, we report the breeding of a new soybean line with a black seed coat, green cotyledon, and free of P34, 7S α' subunit, and lectin proteins. A total of 157 F₂ seeds with black seed coats and green cotyledons were selected by crossing a female parent with a brown seed coat, green cotyledon, and lacking the 7S α' subunit and lectin proteins with a male parent with a black seed coat, green cotyledon, and lacking the P34 and lectin proteins. The P34 and 7S α' subunit proteins were consistent with a ratio of 9:3:3:1, indicating that they are independent of each other. From 14 F₂ seeds that were recessive (cgy1cgy1p34p34) for both proteins, one individual F₂ plant (F₃ seeds) with the desired traits-black seed coat, green cotyledon, and lacking P34, 7S α' subunit, and lectin proteins- was finally selected. The triple null genotype (absence for P34, 7S α' subunit, and lectin proteins) was confirmed in random F₃ seeds. The selected line has a black seed coat and green cotyledons, and when sown on June 14 in the greenhouse, the maturity date was approximately October 3, the height was about 68 cm, and the 100-seed weight was about 26.5 g.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1081-1091
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure and the glycoconjugate properties of the olfactory mucosa in the rat after inhalation of xylene. Sprague-Dawley male rats were inhalated 300 ppm xylene for 5 times with 5 hours exposure. The olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity was taken from the animals on 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days after inhalation of xylene. The properties of the glycoconjugates in the olfactory mucosa were investigated using 10 biotinylated lectins: (PSA, UEA I, PHA-L, GSL I B4, GSL I, PNA, ECL, SBA, GSL II, and sWGA). In the experimental groups, degenerative changes of the olfactory epithelium were observed until 20 days after inhalation of xylene. In the control group, the olfactory cells in the olfactory epithelium reacted with PSA, UEA I, PNA, SBA, and sWGA, the supporting cells reacted with PSA, PHA-L, GSL I, PNA, ECL, SBA, GSL II, and sWGA, and the Bowman's glands reacted with all 10 lectins. In the experimental groups, the reactivity to PSA, PNA, and SBA in the olfactory cells were decreased, and the reactivity to PSA, PNA, SBA, and GSL II in the supporting cells were decreased. And in the Bowman's gland, the reactivity to PSA, UEA I, GSL I, and sWGA were decreased. Conclusively, the olfactory mucosa was shown a lot of changes in the structure through degenerative process and in the properties of the glycoconjugates after inhalation of xylene. These results suggest that the sugar residues of the glycoconjugates in the olfactory mucosa can be changed by xylene inhalation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.687-695
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• 1994

Lectin from mistletoe(Viscum coloratum) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum for 1,2,3 days were obtained by salt fractionation, gel filtration, anion exchange chromatography and SDS-PAGE, and compared with the lectin from unfermented mistletoe. The new lectin of molecular weight of about 18,500D from fermented mistletoe was identified.