• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2021.10a
• /
• pp.36-40
• /
• 2021

다양한 Masked Language Modeling을 통해 학습한 사전 학습 모델들은 질의응답 시스템에서 매우 높은 성능을 보여주고 있다. 이러한 강력한 성능에도 불구하고 그러한 모델들이 질의를 정확히 이해하고 정답을 예측하는 것인지, 혹은 질의에 등장하는 특정 단어와 잘 나타나는 단어들을 기반으로 정답을 예측하는 것인지에 대한 분석은 아직 충분하지 않다. 이러한 사전학습 모델의 질의 이해 능력을 밝히기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 클레버 한스 테스트를 제안한다. 클레버 한스 테스트에서는 의미적 구조적, 의도 유무 측면의 여러 질의 변형이 된 데이터 셋들이 포함되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 클레버 한스 테스트를 통하여 사전학습 모델들이 의미적으로 달라진 질의나 의도가 제거된 질의를 입력으로 받아도 성능이 크게 떨어지지 않는 것을 확인하였고 모델의 질의 이해능력 부족을 실험적으로 시사하였다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.592-609
• /
• 2019

This study attempts to expand the leverage cycle theory using the subprime real estate investors. The leverage cycle theory has demonstrated asset price fluctuations irrelevant to changes in fundamentals through the restructuring of transaction composition centered on optimistic buyers. However, it needs to understand how this theory works in the depressed housing market with low-income residential regions to explain the geographic origins of the financial crisis. In the depressed housing market, the subprime real estate investors focused on low-income residential regions. Through this spatial focus, the low-income residential regions solely have real estate investor-oriented composition of new purchase transactions in the depressed housing market. The discovery of the subprime real estate investors as new actors lays the foundation for applying the leverage cycle theory to the depressed housing market which has been a underserved area for capital investment. This attempt illustrates how the geographical reinterpretation of an economic theory reestablishes spatio-temporal context of economic phenomena.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.483-489
• /
• 2017

An ultrasonic technique was developed to characterize the resonance behavior of a microcantilever operating in a megahertz regime. A high-power ultrasonic pulser and a contact transducer were employed to excite the silicon microcantilever, and a Michelson interferometer was used to obtain the time domain waveform. The natural frequency of the microcantilever was evaluated through the fast Fourier transform of the signal, and a numerical analysis using the finite element method confirmed the measurement data. The present study proposes a novel and facile method to evaluate nanoscale materials and structures with high sensitivity compared to conventional approaches.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.109-147
• /
• 2007

According to the perspective of capital structure theory, we analyzed the dynamism of the capital structure determinants by using panel data of 244 KOSDAQ firms based on two-step GMM system methodology suggested by Blundell Bond(1998). This dynamic methodology had not been used to analyse capital structure determinants in Korea. In the dynamic model of capital structure, profit had negative effect on the book leverage and market leverage, which meant supporting pecking order theory. Growth opportunity (MBR) affected negatively to the market leverage. For the determinants of leverage, earnings volatility had significantly positive effect on KOSDAQ 50 firms. KOSDAQ and KOSDAQ 50 firms had the target leverage. The adjustment speed in KOSDAQ firms was 0.4958 on the book leverage, it was faster than in KOSDAQ 50 firm's 0.2863 on the book leverage and the adjustment speeds for the market leverage were 0.7651 for KOSDAQ firms and 0.5643 for KOSDAQ 50 firms. There was difference in adjustment cost between KOSDAQ firms and KOSDAQ 50 firms.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.1-36
• /
• 2005

In this study, we analyzed determinant factors of leverage ratio and debt maturity for Korean firms in the simultaneous equation system using 2SLS (two stage least square) method under assumption that two variables are jointly determined in the capital structure decision. As a result of the analysis, we found that leverage ratio and debt maturity are positively related. Also, as for determinant factors of debt maturity, agency cost hypothesis, asset maturity matching hypothesis, signalling and liquidity risk hypothesis are all generally supported, and further leverage ratio are significantly positively related with firm size, but negatively related with default risk. However, when we divided samples into groups according to bank debt level and Chaebul affiliation, with contrast to existing study which worked on similar issues with OLS, we found no evidence supporting the argument that the information asymmetry problem is less severe in firms with more bank debt, whereas information asymmetry and financial constraint problems are more severe in non-Chaebul affiliated firms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.540-541
• /
• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
• /
• 2002.04a
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2002

크림프를 가지는 섬유 캔틸레버의 대변형을 해석함에 있어서 크림프를 반원모양의 교대 접합으로, 섬유를 선형 탄성 보로 간주하여 해를 구하였고 구하여진 해를 단순화하여 기존의 1원소 선형 보의 변형[1], 1원소 선형 보의 끝단 회전 하중시의 변형[2], 1원소 원형 굽힘보의 변형[3]의 결과와 비교함으로써 해의 정확성을 확인하였고 본 연구의 일반해의 가장 단순한 경우인 2원소 원형 굽힘보의 처짐의 해를 구하였다. (중략)

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.89-104
• /
• 2006

이 논문은 자본조달순위이론(pecking order theory)을 한국 유가증권시장에 상장된 제조기업을 대상으로 실증적 검정을 하였다. 설명변수로 기업의 자금부족(deficit)과 부채비율과의 관계를 분석한 결과 자본조달순위이론이 지지되는 결과를 얻지 못하였으며, 통제변수에 유형자산, 기업규모, 수익성 등 전통적인 자본구조영향요인 변수들을 포함시켜 분석한 결과, 정보비대칭이론에 의한 설명이 적합한 것으로 해석되었다. 유형자산이 증가할수록 부채비율은 감소하였고, 기업규모가 증가하면 레버리지가 감소하는 관계를 나타냈으며, 수익성이 증가함에 따라 부채비율이 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 직전년도의 부채규모가 높은 경우에는 당해 연도의 부채사용이 감소하고, 직전년도의 레버리지가 낮은 경우에는 당해 연도의 부채가 증가하는 평균회귀현상을 나타냈다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.666-667
• /
• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.720-723
• /
• 2004

Lever mechanisms are usually employed to enlarge output displacement in precision stages. In this study, theoretical analysis of a lever is presented including bending effect and relation between dimension parameters and an objective function. The objective function is chosen as multiplication of magnification ratio and forcedisplacement transmission. Through theoretical analysis, this study presents optimal values for the parameters and the analysis is verified by finite element method.