• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2008

Purpose: To study of difference among primary aldosteronism patients and normal groups and essential hypertension patients and to confirm aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio increase in secondary hypertension group which was diagnosed as primary aldosteronism. Materials and method: 1. Period: from April 2006 to March 2008. 2.Targets: 901 patients who visited seoul national university bundang hospital. 3. Groups: we divided by three groups. (normal group (n=147), essential hypertension (n=709), primary aldosteronism (n=45)) 4. Then calculated aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio. 5. We used ROC curve to measure sensitivity and specificity. Results: 1. normal groups aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio: $52.8{\pm}52.46$ essential hypertension patients aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio: $171.04{\pm}291.56$ primary aldosteronism patients aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio: $2325{\pm}2200$. 2. Aldosterone/renin ratio was significant in comparing each groups (p<0.001). 3. The sensitivity was 91.1% and the specificity was 92.4% when cut off of aldosterone/renin ratio was 485. Conclusion: It was confirmed that aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio in primary aldosteronism was higher than normal group. According to this result, we can tell that aldosterone/ plasma renin activity ratio is very useful in diagnosis of primary aldosteronism.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 1990

Poly (A) + RNA was isolated from mouse submaxillary gland and renin mRNA was isolated by poly (U)-sepharose chromatography and sucrose linear densiW gradient centifugation. And renin mRNA was identified by in vitro translation and immunoprecipitation. In order to construct recombinant plasmid, renin cDNA was synthesized by using reverse transcriptase and inserted into EcoRi site of PUC19. In addition, the cDNA was also synthesized using polymerase chain reaction and inserted into HindlIl site of PUC19. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into JMlO3 and the expression of the inserted renin cDNA was examined. The transformant produced renin protein having a molecular weight of 45, 000 dolton, which showed hypertensive effect upon injecting it into rabbit ear vein. A renin genomic library was prepared by inserting rabbit kidney DNA into EMBL3 phage, and was screeined for the isolation of renin gemomic DNA using renin cDNA probe.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.603-615
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• 2016

This study was conducted by performing intensities aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, three times a week targeting 28 middle aged women. The purpose of this study was analyzing factors which affect cognitive function and changes of blood pressure, renin-aldosterone system, neurotransmitter, cognitive function and working memory after treatment. The participants were divided into three groups which are the control group(n=9, non exercise), moderate intensity aerobic exercise group(n=10, 50%V02max), high intensity aerobic exercise group(n=9, 70%V02max). The two-way ANOVA(repeated measure) and multiple regression analysis were carried out to target those three groups before and after treatment. The results were as follows like this. The moderate intensity aerobic exercise increased renin, brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), cognitive function and working memory. Also, it reduced aldosterone, angiotensinII and aldosterone-renin ratio. The high intensity aerobic exercise showed increase BDNF, cognitive function and working memory and decrease systolic. As a result of a multiple regression analysis of factors affecting cognitive function after intensities aerobic exercise, the moderate intensity aerobic exercise affected diastolic blood pressure, decrease of aldosterone-renin ratio and working memory. Also, an increase of BDNF affected cognitive function, the high intensity aerobic exercise affected working memory BDNF and an increase of serotonin affected cognitive function. Therefore, It could be seen that more than moderate intensity exercise increase woman's cognitive function and working memory. Also, there were metabolic factors which affect the increase of cognitive function. To moderate intensity exercise, renin-aldosterone and working memory affected to increase of cognitive function. For high intensity exercise, BDNF and working memory affected to it.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.132-142
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• 2010

Hypokalemia usually reflects total body potassium deficiency, but less commonly results from transcellular potassium redistribution with normal body potassium stores. The differential diagnosis of hypokalemia includes pseudohypokalemia, cellular potassium redistribution, inadequate potassium intake, excessive cutaneous or gastrointestinal potassium loss, and renal potassium wasting. To discriminate excessive renal from extrarenal potassium losses as a cause for hypokalemia, urine potassium concentration or TTKG should be measured. Decreased values are indicative of extrarenal losses or inadequate intake. In contrast, excessive renal potassium losses are expected with increased values. Renal potassium wasting with normal or low blood pressure suggests hypokalemia associated with acidosis, vomiting, tubular disorders or increased renal potassium secretion. In hypokalemia associated with hypertension, plasam renin and aldosterone should be measured to differentiated among hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism, primary hyperaldosteronism, and mineralocorticoid excess other than aldosterone or target organ activation. Hypokalemia may manifest as weakness, seizure, myalgia, rhabdomyolysis, constipation, ileus, arrhythmia, paresthesias, etc. Therapy for hypokalemia consists of treatment of underlying disease and potassium supplementation. The evaluation of hyperkalemia is also a multistep process. The differential diagnosis of hyperkalemia includes pseudohypokalemia, redistribution, and true hyperkalemia. True hyperkalemia associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate is associated with renal failure or increased body potassium contents. When glomerular filtration rate is above 15 mL/min/$1.73m^2$, plasma renin and aldosterone must be measured to differentiate hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, primary aldosteronism, disturbance of aldosterone action or target organ dysfunction. Hyperkalemia can cause arrhythmia, paresthesias, fatigue, etc. Therapy for hyperkalemia consists of administration of calcium gluconate, insulin, beta2 agonist, bicarbonate, furosemide, resin and dialysis. Potassium intake must be restricted and associated drugs should be withdrawn.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.255-256
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• 2007

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.938-943
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• 2009

Purpose : We performed this study in order to investigate the effect of direct renin inhibition on an experimental animal model with nephrotoxic serum nephritis and tried to give useful information for clinical research and renin inhibitor treatment. Methods : Thirty BALB/c 6-week-old male mice were divided into 4 groups: control group (CO, n=5), control-treatment group with aliskiren (CT, n=5), disease group (DO, n=10), and disease treatment group with aliskiren (DT, n=10). Nephritis was induced by an intravenous injection of 0.25 mg/g weight of rabbit anti-GBM immunoglobulin G. Model 2002 Alzet mini-osmotic pumps (Durect Corp.) for aliskiren infusion were implanted into CT and DT. Each group strain was sacrificed serially one at a time on day 14. We estimated the protein-creatinine ratio in 12-hour-collected urine (UP/Cr) and measured the mesangial matrix score in the PAS-stained kidney of each strain. Results : One strain at CT and DT died on day 6 and 7, respectively. Each group strain was sacrificed serially at a time on day 10 because DO were seriously ill. The UP/Cr of each group is as follows: CO, $31.24{\pm}6.54mg/mg$, CT, $23.38{\pm}13.60mg/mg$, DO, $112.72{\pm}10.97mg/mg$, DT $114.07{\pm}32.30mg/mg$. There was no significant difference between DO and DT. The mesangial matrix score of each group was CO, $0.23{\pm}0.10$; CT, $0.13{\pm}0.03$; DO, $1.90{\pm}0.48$; and DT, $1.28{\pm}0.41$, respectively, and there was a significant difference between DO and DT in the extent of mesangial matrix expansion (P=0.008). Conclusion : We found that renin inhibition was able to suppress the mesangial matrix expansion in experimental mice with acute nephritis, although there were no significant differences in UP/Cr.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2003

Purpose : The renin-angiotensin system(RAS) plays an important role in renal growth and development. We have studied the prevalence of renal anomalies and documented the association between karyotype and renal anomalies using IVP and ultrasonography. Furthermore, to investigate the impact of RAS gene polymorphism on renal anomaly in Turner syndrome, we examined the ACE I/D genotype, angiotensinogen(AGT) gene M235T, angiotensin receptor type 1(ATR) gene A1166C. Methods : Cytogenetic analysis was performed in 33 Turner syndrome patients on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Ultrasonography(US) of the kidneys and collecting system and intravenous pyelography(IVP) were perfomed in all patients. Nuclear scintigraphy{Tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan} was also performed for the definite renal diagnosis if indicated. And, ACE I/D genotype, angiotensinogen(AGT) gene M235T, angiotensin receptor type 1(ATR) gene A1166C were examined by PCR amplification of genomic DNA samples. Results : The prevalence of renal anolmalies in Turner syndrome was 36.4%(12/33). The Karyotype 45, X was observed in 18 of the 33 girls(54.5%), of whom 8(44.4%) had renal anomalies. Mosaic karyotypes were observed in 11(33.3%) and four(12.2%) had a non-mosaic structural aberration of the X chromosome. In this group 4(25.7%) had renal anomalies. More renal anomalies were associated with the 45, X karyotype than those with mosaic/structural abnormalities of X chromosome, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). And, there was no significant differences in the RAS gene polymorphism and allele frequencies between renal anomaly group and normal group in Turner syndrome. Conclusion : The prevalence of renal anolmalies in Turner syndrome was 36.4%. There is no significant differences in the RAS gene polymorphism and allele frequencies between the renal anomaly group and the normal group in Turner syndrome.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.251-252
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• 2007

• The Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.8 s.399
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• pp.43-66
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• 2002

[통치자의 과학기술 리더십] 정책조정자형 과학기술 리더십 전환시급, 체계적 보좌기초 목표달성체제 구축해야/ [국내 역대대통령의 과학기술 정책] 박정희대통령 과학기술 초석놓고 전두환 이어 김대중대통령 변화기 진입/[외국 역대대통치자의 과학기술 정책/미국] 역대 대통령 '과학기술은 국력' 인식, 레이건은 '스타워즈'로 소련붕괴 불러와/[외국 역대대통치자의 과학기술 정책/일본] 역대 총리 6명이 과학기술청 장관 출신, '나카소네수상' 원자력 선진국 기틀 마련/[외국 역대대통치자의 과학기술 정책/중국]'모택동' 국방기술 개발에 총력 핵탄 완성, '등소평' 과학기술은 제일의 생산력 강조/[외국 역대대통치자의 과학기술 정책/영ㆍ독ㆍ불ㆍ러]프랑스 - 과학기술 선진국 나폴레옹과 드골 초석, 러시아 - 레닌 이후 모든 통치자 科技 위해 정책 펴

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Mathematical Education Conference
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.11-17
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• 2007

수학교육의 효율적인 체계가 없는 나라는 미래가 없는 나라이다. 1957년에 소련은 지구에 인공위성을 쏘아 올렸는데, 이때 미국은 우선 학교 교육체계를 바꾸었으며, 교사들의 봉급을 획기적으로 인상하였다. 지금 러시아의 학계에서는, 우주 계발에서 러시아의 성공을 레닌 언덕에 있는 모스크바국립대학교의 새 건물의 설립으로 설명하려는 의견도 있다. 최근에 모스크바국립대학교 새 건물의 설립 비용에 대한 문서가 공개되었는데, 놀랍게도 모스크바국립대학교의 설립 비용이 2차 대전 중에 완전히 파괴된 도시인 스탈린그라드의 재건에 소용된 비용보다 훨씬 많았다. 전쟁으로 굶주리고 파괴된 나라인 러시아의 지도자들이 그렇게 많은 재정적인 지출을 결정했다. 그 결과, 공학-수학부와 물리학부에서는 이전보다 3배가 많은 학생들을 수용하게 되었다. 이들 학부의 박사과정 학생들은 높은 월급을 받는 교수가 되었다. 공학-수학부의 거의 모든 졸업생들은 비밀연구소에서 일을 하였다. 이것은 러시아의 역사에서 수학 영재아의 발굴과 수학교육 체계의 향상이 국가경쟁력의 중요한 부분임을 보여주는 한 예라 할 수 있다. 현재, 러시아에서는 이들 문제에 많은 관심을 가지고 있지만, 아직은 구체적인 해결보다는 말만 무성한 실정이다. 본 강연에서는 러시아의 수학영재교육에서 모스크바국립대학교 구성원들의 노력과 결실, 모스크바국립대학교의 공학-수학부의 교육에 대한 몇몇 논의를 다룰 것이다.