• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.241-249
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• 2023

Following the Animal genetic resource for food and agriculture (AnGR) is considered as an independent resource for the possessing country, ensuring the sovereignty of AnGR is important. The present study investigated the growth and egg production performance of six breed enrolled in DAD-IS for the purpose of securing scientific data on AnGR in Korea. A total of 323 chickens (female 181, male 142) were used in this study, with the following six breeds: Korean Leghorn (LEG), Gyeongbuk Araucana (ARA), Korean native chicken (KNC), Korean Ogye (Ogye), Hyunindak (HIL), Heongseongyakdak (HYD). The body weight of male ARA from hatching to 32 weeks of age was the highest among the breeds, and LEG and Ogye were relatively lower (P<0.0001, excluded body weight data of HYD). The body weight of female ARA was the highest and HYD was significantly the lowest among the female chicken breeds (P<0.0001). The laying percentage was the highest in LEG and was the lowest in HYD among the breeds (P<0.0001). The average egg weight from 20 to 40 weeks of age was the highest in ARA, followed by LEG and was the lowest in Ogye (P<0.0001), and the adapted breed including LEG and ARA was higher than indigenous breed (P<0.05). Egg mass production was the highest in Korean Leghorn. Collectively, these results show that ARA has the best growth ability, and LEG has the best egg production performance among the used breeds. This suggests that the adapted breed with high commercial performance is important AnGR in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2014

The Feather Color of chicken is considered as most obvious, and the purpose of this study is to identify the genotype following the SNP of MC1R, MITF and TYRP1, which are genes related to Feather Color, and develop a SNP marker that can be classified per breed. When a haplotype is observed through the combination of markers, a Korean Native Chicken can especially be distinguished when it is a CGG type in the SNP combination of the MC1R gene. In case of the TAG, TGG and TAA types, only Araucana was identified, and for the CAA type, Leghorn could specifically be distinguished. In the SNP combination of TYRP1 gene, only Leghorn was differentiated in case of the TTTCA and CCTCA types, and only Silky Fowl was identified in case of the CTTTA type. The SNP combination of MC1R gene enabled for Korean Native Chicken, Leghorn, and Araucana to be distinguished and each of the SNP and combination of TYRP1 gene allowed for all 4 breeds to be classified. If many researches are conducted about genetic polymorphism between breeds, then it is considered that the differences between breeds will be understood from a molecular biological aspect instead of simply distinguishing the breeds through Feather Color.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

In this study, sixteen egg quality traits, including egg weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, eggshell weight, albumen weight ratio, yolk weight ratio, eggshell weight ratio, yolk color, eggshell color, egg height, egg width, shape index, albumen height, Haugh unit, eggshell thickness, and eggshell strength were investigated in 12 strains of Korean native chicken using 600 eggs from birds at 38 weeks of age. Results showed that the Korean White Leghorn F strain had the highest egg weight of 62.7 g and the lowest (47.5 g) was observed in the Korean native chicken W strain. The Haugh unit was significantly different between strains. The mean Haugh unit for Korean native chicken ranged between 84.2 (L strain) and 76.0 (F strain), with an overall average of 79.9. Eggshells were the thinnest in Korean Rhode Island Red C and D strains (0.342 mm), whereas the highest eggshell thickness (0.393 mm) was observed in the Korean White Leghorn K strain. Korean Rhode Island Red C and D strains had low egg strength compared to that of other strains. Korean Cornish and Korean native chicken showed significant differences in egg quality traits between strains within breeds. Positive correlation coefficients were observed between egg weight and egg quality traits. The traits for color showed zero or low correlations with most egg quality traits. Egg shape index showed no correlation with most egg quality traits. Albumen height and the Haugh unit showed a positive correlation with albumen traits. Eggshell strength showed a positive correlation with eggshell traits.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 1986

Chromosome size, number and shape were studied by the centromeric index, the arm ratio and the relative length of chromosome. The chromosomes of 50 early chick embryos which were derived from a pure line of Single Comb White Leghorns were examined. Using a colchicine, hypotonic treatment, fixation and air-drying technique, the clear prometaphase figures were obtained from the whole embryo. The results of the present investigation of chromosome pairs were as follows, 1. Pair 1 and 2; metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes which could be clearly distinguished from each other by size. 2. Pair 3 and 4: acrocentric chromosomes of similar length but the 4th pair had a distinct short arm which was not present in the 3rd. 3, Pair 5; metacentric sex chromosomes, 2 chromosome had relative 5th length but the W chromosome had slightly shorter length than 7th pair of chromosomes. 4. Pair 6; acrocentric chromosomes similar in shape to pair 3 but of little more than half the size. 5, Pair 7 and 8; acrocentric chrocentric but the 7th pairs had a definite short arm. 6. Pair 9; similar length to the 7, 8 pairs but had a medially placed centromere. 7. microchromosomes of 30 pairs ; nearly all acrocentric chromosomes which appeared as paired dots. The total number of diploid was appeared to 72-78. But a number of observations presented the total diploid number in 78 (58%). The inconstancy in number observed in this study was presumably due to the minute size of the microchromosomes. Thus, the modal numbers for the diploid chromosome was at least 78.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2007

The Function of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is to control calcium levels by altering PTH (parathyroid hormone) secretion and renal calcium resorption. The influence of calcium on the basal and stimulated release of several hormones from chicken pituitary glands has been determined in vitro. The objective of this study was to identify SNP in chicken CaSR gene and to investigate the effect of the SNP on economic traits. The sequencing analysis method was used to identify nucleotide polymorphisms within chicken CaSR gene. This study identified SNP at position 1949 bp(Genebank accession No : XM_416491) in the exon 1. The SNP changed the amino acid to alanine(GCC) from serine(TCC). This SNP showed three genotypes, AA, AS and SS by digestion with the restriction enzyme NcoⅠ using the PCR-RFLP method. The A963S showed significant effect only on the first lay day (P<0.05) in Leghorn population. Leghorn with the genotype AA had significantly faster the first lay day(137.6) than the genotype AS(143.0, P<0.05). Also, the A963S showed significant effect only on the first lay day(P<0.05) and mean of egg weight(P<0.05) in KNC population. KNC with the genotypes AA ans AS had significantly faster the first lay day (151.0 and 152.6, respectively) than the genotype SS(159.4, P<0.05). And the genotypes SS had significantly heavier the mean of egg weight(50.4 kg, P<0.05) than the genotype AA ans AS (47.5 and 47.8 kg, respectively). According to result of this study, an a allele of the A963S was found to have a significant effect on the first lay day. It will be possible to use this SNP marker on selecting chicken to improve the first lay day.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2022

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a highly contagious retrovirus that causes tumors and has resulted in great economic loss worldwide owing to its high transmission rate. Various ALV viral subgroups exist, with infections occurring via specific host receptors. The susceptibility or resistance of avian species to the ALV-A and K subgroups is determined by the host receptor, the tumor virus locus A (tva) gene, while that to ALV-B depends on another host receptor, the tumor virus locus B (tvb) gene. The resistance alleles of tva and tvb have primarily been identified in China, but none have beendetected in Korea. We analyzed the frequencies of tva and tvb genotypes in White Leghorn (WL), Korean Ogye (KO), and Korean native chicken (KNC) breeds, and assessed the resistance to ALV subgroups. In WL, both tva and tvb had various genotypes, including susceptibility and resistance alleles, whereas in KO, tva and tvb resistance alleles were dominant. In KNC, tva susceptibility and resistance alleles were mixed, whereas tvb resistance alleles were dominant. In addition, we showed that there were differences in the splicing pattern of tva transcripts and the expression level of tvb transcripts within breeds. Finally, we confirmed that ALV resistance depended on KO and KNC genotypes by in vitro infection of chicken embryonic fibroblasts with ALV. These results highlight that some KO and KNC individuals are naturally resistant to ALV subgroups A, B, and K, and will facilitate the preservation of economically superior traits through selective breeding.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2016

This study was conducted to compare nutritional composition and taste-related compounds of breast and thigh meats from four lines of Korean native chickens (KNC) Yeonsan Ogye, Hyunin Black, Hwangbong, and Hoengseong Yakdak. White Leghorn (WL) was used as a control. Fifteen male chickens (three chickens in each line) were grown under same condition and slaughtered at 53 weeks old. The contents of Fe and K in KNC, especially Hwangbong breast meat and thigh meat of Hyunin Black and Hoengseong Yakdak, were higher than WL. The contents of Na were lower in KNC compared with WL regardless of parts (p<0.05). Vitamin A contents were higher in thigh meat of WL and Hyunin Black, and vitamin $B_1$ contents were lower in Hoengseong Yakdak than other lines. Vitamin $B_3$ were higher in breast meat of four lines of KNC and thigh meat of Hoengseong Yakdak than WL. Total amino acid contents were higher in breast meat of KNC than WL. The level of good-tasting amino acids were significantly higher in breast meat of Hoengseong Yakdak and WL, and thigh meat of Hyunin Black and WL than other lines of chickens (p<0.05). The ratio of good-tasting amino acids to bitter tasting amino acids was higher in breast meat of Hoengseong Yakdak and thigh meat of Hyunin Black than WL. IMP contents were higher in Hyunin Black and WL than other lines of chickens. Based on these results, it can be concluded that four lines of KNC may have superior nutritional quality and taste when compared with WL.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2020

This study was conducted to estimate genetic parameters for growth and egg production traits in Black Korean native chicken (L strain) and Korean White Leghorn (F, K strains) using a multi-traits animal model BLUP. Traits used for this study were body weight at 150 days (BW150) and 270 days (BW270), age at first egg (DAY1st), egg weight at first egg (EW1st) and 270 days (EW270), and number of eggs laid by 270 days (EP270), and included 68,688 pedigree and 123,905 performance records collected from 2001 to 2013. In L, F, K strains, heritability estimates of BW150 were high (0.48, 0.52 and 0.50, respectively); of BW270 were high (0.56, 0.57 and 0.56); of DAY1st were medium to high (0.45, 0.39 and 0.31); of EW1st were low (0.15, 0.16 and 0.15); of EW270 were high (0.58, 0.55 and 0.59) and of EP270 were moderate (0.22, 0.21 and 0.20). The genetic and phenotypic correlation of DAY1st with EP270 were highly negative (-0.73 to -0.63 and -0.48 to -0.42). The genetic and phenotypic correlation of EP270 with BW150 and BW270, respectively were low negative (-0.16 to 0.01 and -0.14 to -0.03) and low to moderate positive (-0.08 to 0.07 and -0.13 to 0.04). The genetic and phenotypic correlation of EW270 with BW150 and BW270, respectively were moderate to high positive (0.39 to 0.49 and 0.36 to 0.46) and (0.29 to 0.33 and 0.34 to 0.37). The study showed that there is a potential for genetic improvement of Korean Indigenous chicken through selection program.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2014

With Single Comb White Leghorn (WL) and Korean Native Chicken (KNC) breeds, we compared the stress response with chicken breeds that were subjected to a high stocking density. Stress response was analyzed by the quantity of telomeric DNA, the rate of DNA damage and the expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) genes on tissues and blood. The telomere length and telomere shortening rates were analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization on the nuclei of lymphocytes and tissues. The DNA damage rate of lymphocytes was quantified by the comet assay. The expression levels of HSP70, HSP90-${\alpha}$, HSP90-${\beta}$ and HMGCR genes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in lymphocytes. There was no significant difference between KNC and WL in body weight, weight gain, telomere shortening rate and DNA damage rate. However, the growth rate significantly decreased in chickens raised under high stocking density conditions, as compared to the control group. The telomere-shortening rate, DNA damage and HSPs expression of the lymphocytes were significantly higher in the high stocking density group than the control. The stress condition and breeds had a significant effect on the expressions of HSP70, HSP90-${\alpha}$ and HSP90-${\beta}$ in lymphocytes, except HMGCR. The stress response of WL was higher than that of KNC, as analyzed to the expression of HSP70 and HSP90-${\alpha}$. Therefore, we concluded that the chickens which were exposed to a high stocking density had increased the individual physiological stress response regardless of breeds, and White Leghorns are more susceptible to stress condition than Korean Native Chickens.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1969

The author has studied the quantitative distribution of mast cells in the skin and proventriculus of the developing chicks and changes of their cytoplasmic granules after administration of a single dose of hyaluronidase 400$\mu$/kg into the yolk sac of 10 day-old chick embryos and obtained the following conclusions. 1. The administration of hyaluronidase considerably retarded the appearance of mast cells in the skin and proventriculus of the developing chicks. 2. In 6 to 7 days after treatment of hyaluronidase the number of mast cells showed only one half of those in the control and then began to show gradual resumption and returned to an almost normal status in 7 day chicks. 3. By treatment of hyaluronidase any degranulation of the mast cells could scarcely be observed but marked decrease of their stainability by resolution of the metachromatic granules. According to this experiment it is fairly clear that hyaluronic acid may play a role in the formation of cytoplasmic granules of mast cells.