• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2012

In recent years, mobile phone has experienced an extremely fast evolution. It is equipped with high-quality color displays, high resolution cameras, and real-time accelerated 3D graphics. In addition, some other features are includes GPS sensor and Digital Compass, etc. This evolution advent significantly helps the application developers to use the power of smart-phones, to create a rich environment that offers a wide range of services and exciting possibilities. To date mobile AR in outdoor research there are many popular location-based AR services, such Layar and Wikitude. These systems have big limitation the AR contents hardly overlaid on the real target. Another research is context-based AR services using image recognition and tracking. The AR contents are precisely overlaid on the real target. But the real-time performance is restricted by the retrieval time and hardly implement in large scale area. In our work, we exploit to combine advantages of location-based AR with context-based AR. The system can easily find out surrounding landmarks first and then do the recognition and tracking with them. The proposed system mainly consists of two major parts-landmark browsing module and annotation module. In landmark browsing module, user can view an augmented virtual information (information media), such as text, picture and video on their smart-phone viewfinder, when they pointing out their smart-phone to a certain building or landmark. For this, landmark recognition technique is applied in this work. SURF point-based features are used in the matching process due to their robustness. To ensure the image retrieval and matching processes is fast enough for real time tracking, we exploit the contextual device (GPS and digital compass) information. This is necessary to select the nearest and pointed orientation landmarks from the database. The queried image is only matched with this selected data. Therefore, the speed for matching will be significantly increased. Secondly is the annotation module. Instead of viewing only the augmented information media, user can create virtual annotation based on linked data. Having to know a full knowledge about the landmark, are not necessary required. They can simply look for the appropriate topic by searching it with a keyword in linked data. With this, it helps the system to find out target URI in order to generate correct AR contents. On the other hand, in order to recognize target landmarks, images of selected building or landmark are captured from different angle and distance. This procedure looks like a similar processing of building a connection between the real building and the virtual information existed in the Linked Open Data. In our experiments, search range in the database is reduced by clustering images into groups according to their coordinates. A Grid-base clustering method and user location information are used to restrict the retrieval range. Comparing the existed research using cluster and GPS information the retrieval time is around 70~80ms. Experiment results show our approach the retrieval time reduces to around 18~20ms in average. Therefore the totally processing time is reduced from 490~540ms to 438~480ms. The performance improvement will be more obvious when the database growing. It demonstrates the proposed system is efficient and robust in many cases.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of the artificial neural network system for facial image analysis through the image landmark selection technique. For landmark selection, a CNN-based multi-layer ResNet model for classification of facial image age is required. From the configured ResNet model, a heat map that detects the change of the output node according to the change of the input node is extracted. By combining a plurality of extracted heat maps, facial landmarks related to age classification prediction are created. The importance of each pixel location can be analyzed through facial landmarks. In addition, by removing the pixels with low weights, a significant amount of input data can be reduced.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.560-570
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• 2016

A landmark is a representative image of a given region that impresses distinct regional characteristics upon visitors. As such, there is a need for each local government to develop a symbolic landmark. We investigated examples of landmark development intended to promote regional revitalization in hopes to provide a basic guideline for developing future landmarks, related tourism products, and tourism promotion policy. Aomori prefecture in Japan was selected as a site for a field study. For a long time, Japan has tried to internationalize and revitalize its provincial regions by establishing various tourism policies. In order to foster the tourism industry in rural areas that are behind in development, Aomori prefecture sought to promote local revitalization through the development of tourism products and cultural space centered on a landmark. Based on this example, we can summarize the conditions for successful landmark development as follows. First, in deciding on the symbolism or the design of a landmark, we must fully investigate and understand the given region and invest sufficient time and funds. Second, we must consider the accessibility of the landmark and make sure its surroundings can also serve as a tourist attraction element. Third, in order to increase the value of visiting a landmark, it is important to provide a variety of things to see and enjoy both inside and outside of the landmark, which can be achieved through continuous operation and management of amenities and diverse programs.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.3 s.35
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• pp.173-182
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a landmark recognition method which is irrelevant to the camera viewpoint on the navigation for localization. Features in previous research is variable to camera viewpoint, therefore due to the wealth of information, extraction of visual landmarks for positioning is not an easy task. The proposed method in this paper, has the three following stages; first, extraction of features, second, learning and recognition, third, matching. In the feature extraction stage, we set the interest areas of the image. where we extract the corner points. And then, we extract features more accurate and resistant to noise through statistical analysis of a small eigenvalue. In learning and recognition stage, we form robust feature models by testing whether the feature model consisted of five corner points is an invariant feature irrelevant to viewpoint. In the matching stage, we reduce time complexity and find correspondence accurately by matching method using similarity evaluation function and Graham search method. In the experiments, we compare and analyse the proposed method with existing methods by using various indoor images to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods.

• ICROS
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2009

본 고에서는 이동로봇의 동시간 위치인식 및 지도작성(Simultaneous Localizaton and Mapping;SLAM) 기술에 대하여 다룬다. 이동로봇의 SLAM을 위하여, 로봇과 랜드마크의 상태를 상태공간 영역에서 같이 기술하는 방법과 센서로부터 입력된 정보를 이용하여 로봇이 상태를 추정하는 기법을 소개한다. 실제 로봇을 통한 예제를 통하여 로봇의 상태와 특징점을 동시에 추정하는 것을 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.07a
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• pp.175-178
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• 2023

본 논문은 영화의 스토리 인식을 위해 인물 간 상호작용 중 물리적 상호작용 즉, 물리접촉을 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. YOLO를 사용해 영상에서 인간객체를 탐지하고, Mediapipe를 사용해 골격 감지를 진행함으로써 인물의 뼈대를 랜드마크화 하고 타 객체 간의 랜드마크가 일정값 이하로 내려오면 Threshold를 적용해 객체 간의 물리적 접촉을 판단한다, 실험 결과, 50개 17,741 frame의 영상에서 정확도 99.66%의 정밀도 77.27%, 재현율 62.38%로 모델의 전반적인 성능을 나타내는 F1점수는 69%로 나타났다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.99-108
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• 2021

There are unrestricted conditions on the driver's face inside the vehicle, such as changes in lighting, partial occlusion and various changes in the driver's condition. In this paper, we propose a face identification system in an unrestricted vehicle environment. The proposed method uses a near-infrared (NIR) camera to minimize the changes in facial images that occur according to the illumination changes inside and outside the vehicle. In order to process a face exposed to extreme light, the normal face image is changed to a simulated overexposed image using mean and variance for training. Thus, facial classifiers are simultaneously generated under both normal and extreme illumination conditions. Our method identifies a face by detecting facial landmarks and aggregating the confidence score of each landmark for the final decision. In particular, the performance improvement is the highest in the class where the driver wears glasses or sunglasses, owing to the robustness to partial occlusions by recognizing each landmark. We can recognize the driver by using the scores of remaining visible landmarks. We also propose a novel robust rejection and a new evaluation method, which considers the relations between registered and unregistered drivers. The experimental results on our dataset, PolyU and ORL datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.73-75
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• 2011

세계적 물류환경의 변화와 항만에 대한 정부 및 시민의 인식변화에 따라 항만개발에 있어 기존의 물류 중심적 기능뿐만 아니라 경관적인 측면에서의 검토가 중요한 요소로 대두되고 있다. 본 논문은 개발이 진행되고 있는 부산신항만을 중심으로 항만경관의 중요요소인 친수공간, 녹지, 랜드마크, 색채, 야간경관에 대하여 북컨테이너부두와 남컨테이너부두로 지역을 구분하여 현황조사를 실시하였으며 이를 통하여 부산신항만경관의 문제점을 도출하고 각 경관요소별 개선방안 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 제시된 개선방안은 개발이 진행되고 있는 부산신항의 경관개선을 유도하고 향후 미항으로서의 개발을 위한 기초자료로써 그 가치가 있다고 하겠다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.307-309
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• 2022

항만경관은 항만의 특징을 드러내는 매력적인 요소로서 항만재개발에 있어 중요한 요소가 되고있다. 최근에는 항만재개발사업에 있어 항만경관의 중요성을 인식하고 항만 고유의 특색을 살린 수변경관계획 수립을 통해 수변경관을 개선함으로서 사람들이 모이는 매력적인 항만으로 변모하고자 한다. 도심의 친수공간으로서 잠재력이 큰 부산남항은 다양한 수변공간계획 및 개발사업이 추진되고 있지만 관련 기존 항만개발사업은 기능성과 경제성에 초점이 맞추어져 있어 수변경관에 대한 고려가 매우 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 부산남항의 경관을 개선하고 매력적인 항만으로 변모하기 위한 수변경관계획 수립을 하기 위해 기초자료 수집을 목적으로 부산남항을 7개 지구로 구분하고 각 지구의 수변경관(색채, 랜드마크, 야간경관) 현황을 조사하였으며, 조사결과를 토대로 지구별 수변경관의 문제점을 분석하고 개선대책을 제시하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.8C
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• pp.721-730
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• 2012

In this paper the problem of a moving control of an automatic guided vehicle(AGV) which transports a dead body to a designated cinerator safely in a crematorium, an special indoor environment, will be discussed. Since a method of burying guided lines in the floor is not proper to such an environment, a method of moving control of an AGV based on infrared ray sensors is now proposed. With this approach, the AGV emits infrared ray to the landmarks adheres to the ceiling to find a moving direction and then moves that direction by recognizing them. One of the typical problems for this method is that dead zone and/or overlapping zone may exist when the landmarks are deployed. To resolve this problem, an algorithm of recognizing double landmarks at each time is applied to minimize occurrences of sensing error. In addition, at the turning area to entering the designated cinerator, to fit an AGV with the entrance of the designated cinerator, an algorithm of controlling the velocity of both the inner and outer wheel of it. The functional correctness of our proposed algorithm has been verified by using a prototype vehicle. Our real AGV system has been applied to a crematorium and it moves automatically within an allowable range of location error.