• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.22
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• pp.85-96
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• 2019

The restoration of ceramics excavated in fragments is limited by the difficulty of inferring the overall shape of the original object. However, recent innovations in digital technology can help to overcome the limits of conventional restoration using handwork. This study explored the potential of digital technology by digitally restoring a shard from a white porcelain water dropper excavated at a kiln site at Sindae-ri. In order to complete the digital restoration, 3D scanning was applied to obtain scan data, and 3D modeling and texture mapping were performed. In this way, three-dimensional data with patterns and color information was acquired and the original form of the water dropper could be ascertained based on the shard. The study found that the data acquired from digital restoration can be used for various purposes, including for obtaining data on cross-sections or missing portions of a relic.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.51-70
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• 2005

It is meaningful to develop the scholarly digital archives in a respect that it could preserve the research papers using digital media. The scholarly digital archives provide scientists with the information source with which scientists could actively accomplish research. This study measured based on the citation analysis to what extent PMC, which is life science scholarly digital archives, has an effect on the scholarly communication in the same subject field. The findings are as follows. First, the three citation indicators, impact factor, immediacy index, and half-life, have no remarkable difference in between pre and post-digital archives era. Second, there were more cases that the major citation indicators increased rather than ones decreased with the appearance of the scholarly digital archives, as a result of ranking the scholarly journals after classifying according to subjects.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2012

This study was focused on digital restoration and surface depth modeling applying the three-dimensional laser scanning system of the Haeundae Stone Inscription. Firstly, the three-dimensional digital restoration carried out acquiring of point cloud using wide range and precision scanner, thereafter registering, merging, filtering, polygon mesh and surveyed map drawing. In particular, stroke of letters, inscribed depth and definition appearing the precision scanning polygon was outstanding compared with ones of the wide range polygon. The surface depth modeling completed through separation from polygon, establishment of datum axis, selection of datum point, contour mapping and polygon merging. Also, relative inscribed depth (5~17mm) and outline by the depth modeling was well-defined compared with photograph and polygon image of the inscription stone. The digital restoration technology merging wide range and precision scanning restored the total and detailed shape of the Stone Inscription quickly and accurately. In addition, the surface depth modeling visibly showed unclear parts from naked eye and photograph. In the future, various deteriorations and surrounding environment change of the Stone Inscription will be numerically analyze by periodic monitoring.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.29
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• pp.99-110
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• 2023

The stone fragments that are missing from the stone cultural heritage have limited use beyond being directly fitted to identify their original position, as they are relatively heavy and bulky, and there is the further risk of secondary physical damage during manual work. Therefore, in this study, morphological relationships between the missing parts and the stone fragments were identified through digital restoration, and a three-dimensional (3D) printed replica was created for use at the exhibition for Stone Buddhas in Four Directions in Hwajeon-ri, Yesan, where 72 stone fragments had been excavated together. First, for the digital restoration, stone fragments of similar shapes were selected after the coordinates of the 3D scanning model were aligned in virtual space. In addition, the stone fragments were printed using a 3D printer to check whether they were physically related to the missing parts. Thus, the original positions of a total of nine stone fragments were identified. To utilize these research results in the exhibition, a 1:1 replica of the Stone Buddhas in Four Directions was produced using 3D printing technology, and the nine stone fragments were also restored to their original positions. The digital technology used in this study is of great importance in that it not only made up for the limitations of the direct manual method but also suggested the possibility of expanding its application to the fields of documentation, restoration, and replication of similar cultural heritage.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.245-256
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• 2023

When restoring with a dental digital system for implant-supported prosthesis, a double digital scanning technique is required: an intraoral scan of the three-dimensional implant location and intraoral scan after placement of temporary denture or provisional prosthesis. During the intraoral scan, the use of scan body as a stable landmark can improve the accuracy of digital impression and simplify laboratory process. In this case, a full-digital system was used to plan and fabricate a custom abutment, provisional prosthesis, and definitive prosthesis. After implant placement, the scan area of the intraoral scan body connected with implant and the intraoral scan body marked on the inside of temporary denture were superimposed. Out of the superimposed files, a custom abutment and provisional prosthesis were fabricated which match the vertical dimension of temporary denture, and definitive prosthesis was fabricated based on provisional prosthesis. We report this case because result has been functionally and esthetically satisfactory by using vertical dimension and central relation set during the fabrication of temporary denture to the definitive prosthesis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.27-48
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• 2005

This study investigates the current preservation and management of four records and documentary heritage in Korea that is in the UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The study analyzes their problems and corresponding solutions in digitizing those world records heritages. This study also reviews additional four documentary books in Korea that are in the wish list to add to UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. This study is organized as the following: Chapter 2 examines the value and meanings of world records and documentary heritage in Korea. The registry requirements and procedures of UNESCO's Memory of the World Register are examined. The currently registered records of Korea include Hunmin-Chongum, the Annals of the Choson Dynasty, the Diaries of the Royal Secretariat (Seungjeongwon Ilgi), and Buljo- Jikji-Simche-Yojeol (vol. II). These records heritage's worth and significance are carefully analyzed. For example, Hunmin-Chongum("訓民正音") is consisted of unique and systematic letters. Letters were delicately explained with examples in its original manual at the time of letter's creation, which is an unparalleled case in the world documentary history. The Annals of the Choson Dynasty("朝鮮王朝實錄") are the most comprehensive historic documents that contain the longest period of time in history. Their truthfulness and reliability in describing history give credits to the annals. The Royal Secretariat Diary (called Seungjeongwon-Ilgi("承政院日記")) is the most voluminous primary resources in history, superior to the Annals of Choson Dynasty and Twenty Five Histories in China. Jikji("直指") is the oldest existing book published by movable metal print sets in the world. It evidences the beginning of metal printing in the world printing history and is worthy of being as world heritage. The review of the four registered records confirms that they are valuable world documentary heritage that transfers culture of mankind to next generations and should be preserved carefully and safely without deterioration or loss. Chapter 3 investigates the current status of preservation and management of three repositories that store the four registered records in Korea. The repositories include Kyujanggak Archives in Seoul National University, Pusan Records and Information Center of National Records and Archives Service, and Gansong Art Museum. The quality of their preservation and management are excellent in all of three institutions by the following aspects: 1) detailed security measures are close to perfection 2) archiving practices are very careful by using a special stack room in steady temperature and humidity and depositing it in stack or archival box made of paulownia tree and 3) fire prevention, lighting, and fumigation are thoroughly prepared. Chapter 4 summarizes the status quo of digitization projects of records heritage in Korea. The most important issue related to digitization and database construction on Korean records heritage is likely to set up the standardization of digitization processes and facilities. It is urgently necessary to develop comprehensive standard systems for digitization. Two institutions are closely interested in these tasks: 1) the National Records and Archives Service experienced in developing government records management systems; and 2) the Cultural Heritage Administration interested in digitization of Korean old documents. In collaboration of these two institutions, a new standard system will be designed for digitizing records heritage on Korean Studies. Chapter 5 deals with additional Korean records heritage in the wish list for UNESCO's Memory of the World Register, including: 1) Wooden Printing Blocks(經板) of Koryo-Taejangkyong(高麗大藏經) in Haein Temple(海印寺); 2) Dongui-Bogam("東醫寶鑑") 3) Samguk-Yusa("三國遺事") and 4) Mugujeonggwangdaedaranigyeong. Their world value and importance are examined as followings. Wooden Printing Blocks of Koryo-Taejangkyong in Haein Temple is the worldly oldest wooden printing block of cannon of Buddhism that still exist and was created over 750 years ago. It needs a special conservation treatment to disinfect germs residing in surface and inside of wooden plates. Otherwise, it may be damaged seriously. For its effective conservation and preservation, we hope that UNESCO and Government will schedule special care and budget and join the list of Memory of the Word Register. Dongui-Bogam is the most comprehensive and well-written medical book in the Korean history, summarizing all medical books in Korea and China from the Ancient Times through the early 17th century and concentrating on Korean herb medicine and prescriptions. It is proved as the best clinical guidebook in the 17th century for doctors and practitioners to easily use. The book was also published in China and Japan in the 18th century and greatly influenced the development of practical clinic and medical research in Asia at that time. This is why Dongui Bogam is in the wish list to register to the Memory of the World. Samguk-Yusa is evaluated as one of the most comprehensive history books and treasure sources in Korea, which illustrates foundations of Korean people and covers histories and cultures of ancient Korean peninsula and nearby countries. The book contains the oldest fixed form verse, called Hyang-Ka(鄕歌), and became the origin of Korean literature. In particular, the section of Gi-ee(紀異篇) describes the historical processes of dynasty transition from the first dynasty Gochosun(古朝鮮) to Goguryeo(高句麗) and illustrates the identity of Korean people from its historical origin. This book is worthy of adding to the Memory of the World Register. Mugujeonggwangdaedaranigyeong is the oldest book printed by wooden type plates, and it is estimated to print in between 706 and 751. It contains several reasons and evidence to be worthy of adding to the list of the Memory of the World. It is the greatest documentary heritage that represents the first wooden printing book that still exists in the world as well as illustrates the history of wooden printing in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.138-156
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• 2023

Some of the metal cultural heritage that make up a considerable proportion of Korea's cultural heritage have been installed and displayed outdoors due to their own functions, roles, and scale. Therefore, more diverse and complex damages can occur outdoors than they are in a stable environment. Therefore, it is necessary to combine accurate diagnosis and systematic survey methods in order to utilize basic data obtained from research results as data for the long-term and continuous conservation management as well as to do the research to diagnose the conservation status of outdoor cultural heritage. The clepsydra(hereinafter referred to as Jagyeongnu) of Changgyeonggung Palace, the National Treasure has been installed and displayed outdoors since it was manufactured. Though regular conservation and maintenance of the Jagyeongnu have been carried out, damage still occurred. Therefore, the scientific research on Jagyeongnu to diagnose the state of conservation was conducted prior to the full-scale conservation treatment. First, the state of conservation was investigated with an examination of basic data, macroscopic inspections and past records of repair history according to the purpose of the research. More detailed examinations were also conducted through the 3D scan, surface pattern investigation, and color difference analysis, and the analysis on materials and contaminants were conducted through P-XRF, FT-IR, and Py-GC/MS. The scientific research reveals that squalane and silicone oil have been applied in the past for conservation treatment and directly exposed to outdoor environmental factors, which caused damage to Jagyeongnu and contaminants such as dust adhered thickly to its surface, accelerating severe damage. A greater incidence of damage was found around the part with relatively high exposure effect, which corresponded with the tendency identified by grouping color difference data. As a result of integrating various research methodologies to diagnose the state of conservation and secure basic data, the causes and types of damage were identified. Furthermore, the process of obtaining digital data to be utilized in various ways, and the color difference analysis presenting visible damage as scientific data and identifying the tendency of damage patterns were confirmed to have been effective.

• 한국지형공간정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.151-155
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 비측량용 디지털 비디오 카메라를 이용하여 석조문화재인 석탑을 대상으로 하여 촬영에 대한 오류를 사전에 검사할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 재촬영을 하지 않도록 하였으며, 문화재 정밀 측량에 있어서 기대할 수 있는 양호한 정확도를 얻을 수 있었다. 차후 문화재 원형 보존에 대한 계획의 수행에 있어서 문화재에 대한 자세한 정보를 제공하기 위해 효율적이고 경제적인 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

• 프린팅코리아
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.96-97
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• 2011

제 4회 유네스코 직지상 시상식이 9월 2일 오후 2시 청주예술의전당 대공연장에서 열린다. 특히 올해는 인터넷으로 모집한 1377명의 시민 대합창단 축가로 문을 열어 더욱 뜻깊게 진행된다. 올해의 유네스코 직지상은 유네스코 회원국 193개국과 준회원국 7개국을 대상으로 후보자를 공모한 결과 23개국 30개 기관, 개인이 신청한 가운데 '호주 국가기록원'이 인류 기록보존을 위한 탁월한 프로그램 개발로 전 세계에 디지털 정보를 제공한 공로가 인정되어 올해의 수상자로 선정됐다. '호주 국가기록원'은 9월 2일 시상식에서 상장과 상금(미화 3만 달러)을 수상하게 된다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.5-8
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 가상현실을 이용한 가상현실의 기술을 활용하여 유적지와 문화재를 반 영구적으로 보존할 뿐만 아니라 우리의 문화재를 널리 알리는 데에 있어 활용성 또한 효과적이며 그 활용방법이 다양하고 효율성을 높여 주는 문화 유적지 디지털화 복원 컨텐츠를 제작하는데 그 목적이 있다.