• 에너지공학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2018

본 연구 대상인 발전기용 커먼레일 디젤엔진은 폐엔진을 재제조한 것으로서 폐엔진의 연료분사시기는 차량 운전조건에 적합하도록 설정되어 있다. 그러나 발전기용 엔진은 회전속도가 일정하고 주로 부분부하에서 운전된다. 따라서, 발전용 엔진에 적합한 연료분사시기의 변경이 필요하고 이러한 변경에 필요한 비용과 시간은 가능한 최소화시켜야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이에 적합한 연료분사시기 변경을 적용하였으며 실제 제작에 따른 시행착오를 줄이기 위해 선행적으로 엔진성능 수치해석을 도입하였다. 해석결과, 발전기용 엔진에 적합한 연료분사시기 변경에 따라 연소 효율성을 높아져서 성능 및 연비가 증가함을 확인하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.788-794
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• 2019

최근 지구의 기후변화는 온실가스가 원인으로 전 세계적 대기환경문제로 크게 부각되고 있다. 국내에서도 기후변화에 적극 대응하기 위한 기술개발이 꾸준히 진행되고 있다. 날씨의 이상고온으로 인한 환경에 미치는 영향과 갑작스런 집중호우가 환경에 미치는 영향을 대상으로 하였다. 우리생활 주변 대기온도가 상승하였을 때 온도변화에 의한 대기오염발생에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 한다. 본 연구의 실험조건은 선박 디젤기관에서 회전수 1400 rpm, 1600 rpm 그리고 1800 rpm, 부하는 0 %에서 25 %씩 100 %까지 하였고, 흡기 온도변화는 20℃에서 50℃까지 구분하여 연구하였다. 연구한 결과 흡기온도가 증가함에 따라 일산화탄소 및 탄화수소는 약간 감소하였으나 연료소비율, 질소산화물, PM은 약간 증가하였다. 또한 연소온도는 큰 변화가 없었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1575-1582
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 정상운전 중인 4사이클 6실린더 터보과급 디젤기관에 갑자기 큰 부하가 작용하였을 경우, 기관 및 과급기 관성 모멘트의 변화가 기관과 과급기의 실제 회전속도, 압축기 압력비, 실린더내 공기유량, 연소효율, 배기온도 등의 과도 응 답성능에 미치는 영향을 시뮬레이션해석과 실험을 통하여 규명하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2019

This numerical study was analyzed to predict the flammability limits of biodiesel and diesel fuels in the high temperature and pressure conditions. To achieve this, the biodiesel fuel was simulated with the chemical species of n-heptane (n-C₇H₁₆), methyl decanoate (C₁₁H₂₂O₂), and methyl-9-decenoate (C₁₁H₂₀O₂), and the diesel fuel was substituted the chemical species of n-heptane. The closed 0-D homogeneous reactor model which was employed the 1100 K of ambient temperature and 35 atm of ambient pressure was used for the simulation of constant volume combustion, and the equivalence ratio was changed from 0.3 to 2.5 conditions. In addition, a comparative analysis study was conducted with the results of HCCI engine simulation and flammability limits according to the changes of equivalence ratio. The results of combustion temperature, pressure, and ignition delay were increased when the equivalence ratio elevated from 0.3 to 1.3 conditions because the increase in fuel oxidation rate affects the chemical reaction of the overall combustion process. Furthermore, the CO and NO_X production under the rich combustion conditions are considered to have a trade off relationship since the OH radicals and O₂ chemical species are greatly affected the CO and NO_X production and oxidation processes.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2007

Three diesel engines were fueled with BDF 20, a blend of 80% diesel fuel and 20% biodiesel fuel by volume, and run in excess of 200 h to evaluate their combustion characteristics and durability. The engines used for this study were a 4-cylinder 2476-cc displacement IDI diesel engine(Engine 1), a 4-cylinder l732-cc displacement IDI diesel engine(Engine 2), and a single cylinder 673-cc displacement DI diesel engine(Engine 3). Engine dynamometer testing was performed on each engine at regularly scheduled intervals to monitor the performance and exhaust emissions, which were sampled at 1h intervals for analysis, The peak combustion pressure with BDF 20 increased in Engines 1 and 3 over that measured when burning pure diesel fuel, but that in Engine 2 remained constant. Combustion parameters, such as the maximum combustion pressure and corresponding crank angle, did not change over the long-term dynamometer testing. The BSFC with BDF 20 in Engine 1 was less than that measured with pure diesel fuel. The amount of smoke produced with BDF 20 was less for all engines ; the greatest reduction was observed for Engine 3. The NOx emissions were lower in the IDI engines than the DI engine. The traditional trade-off between smoke and NOx emissions was maintained for BDF 20 fuel for Engines 1 and 3. There was not a big difference in the $CO_2\;and\;O_2$ emissions for BDF 20, as compared to pure diesel fuel, but more $CO_2$ was exhausted by Engine 1 than by Engines 2 or 3 and less $O_2$ was exhausted by Engine 1 than by Engines 2 or 3. The engine parts remained clean, except for some carbon attached to the area surrounding the nozzle hole of the DI diesel engine.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2011

American NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) reported that BDF20 could reduce PM, CO, SOx, and cancerogenic matters by 13.6%, 9.3%, 17.6%, and 13% respectively, compared to diesel fuel. BDF20 has been being tested on garbage trucks and official vehicles at Seoul City, which is positive on air environment, but negative on combustion by higher viscosity in winter season. This study investigated the combustion characteristics by applying pilot injection for improving the deterioration of combustibility caused by the higher viscosity of the BDF20 with the combustion flames taken by a high-speed camera and the cylinder pressure diagram. A 4-cycle single-cylinder diesel engine was remodeled to a visible 2-cycle engine taking the flame photographs, which has a common-rail injection system. The test was done laboratory temperature at $5{\sim}6^{\circ}C$. The results obtained are summarized as follows, (1) In the case of without pilot injection, the flame propagation speed was slowed and the maximum combustion pressure became lower. The phenomena became further aggravated as the fuel viscosity gets higher. (2) In the case of with pilot injection, early stage of combustion such as rapid ignition timing and flame propagation was activated since intermediate products formed by pilot injection act as a catalyst for combustion of main fuel.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2009

The performance of a direct-injection type diesel engine often depends on the strength of swirl or squish, shape of combustion chamber, the number of nozzle holes, etc. This is of course because the combustion in the cylinder was affected by the mixture formation process. In this paper, combustion process of biodiesel fuel was studied by employing the piston which has several grooves with inclined plane on the piston crown to generate swirl during the compression stroke in the cylinder in order to improve the atomization of high viscosity fuel such as biodiesel fuel and toroidal type piston generally used in high speed diesel engine. To take a photograph of flame, single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine was remodeled into two stroke visible engine and high speed video camera was used. The results obtained are summarized as follows; (1) In the case of toroidal piston, when biodiesel fuel was supplied to plunger type injection system which has very low injection pressure as compared with common-rail injection system, the flame propagation speed was slowed and the maximum combustion pressure became lower. These phenomena became further aggravated as the fuel viscosity gets higher. (2) In the case of swirl groove piston, early stage of combustion such as rapid ignition timing and flame propagation was activated by intensifying the air flow in the cylinder. (3) Combustion process of biodiesel fuel was improved by the reason mentioned in paragraph (2) above. Consequently, the swirl grooves would also function to improve the combustion of high viscosity fuel.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.182-193
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• 2022

연구목적: 바이오디젤의 위험성을 ASTM 시험규격에 의해 특정한 온도에서 열잔분측정과 발화점 및 폭발한계 측정을 통해 측정 평가함으로써 화학화재의 원인물질의 위험성을 확인하고, 보편적인 평가방법 도출 그리고 그에 따른 물질의 위험성 관련 데이터를 확보함으로써 화재원인 감식과 감정에 활용할 수 있을 것이고, 다른 화학물질에 위험성평가에 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 연구방법: 바이오디젤의 위험성을 측정하기 위해서 특정한 온도에서 얼마나 많은 가연성 액체를 발생하는가를 측정하는 가열잔분 측정법을 사용해서 측정해 보았다. 가열은 KS M 5000 : 2009 시험방법 4111을 적용해서 실험을 해보았다. 또한 발화점 측정은 ASTM E659-782005서 규정하는 방법으로, 에너지 공급방식은 정온법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 아울러 폭발한계 측정은 ASTM E 681-04 「Standard test method for concentration limits of flammability of chemicals(Vapors and gases)」 시험규격에 의해 실험을 진행하였다. 연구결과: 가열잔분법으로 가연성액체량의 확인결과 105±2℃에서 3시간 방치했을 때의 일반디젤의 가열잔분은 약 30%정도(휘발분 70%), 바이오디젤의 경우 약 4%정도로 측정되었다. 또한 가열온도 150±2℃, 3시간과 200±2℃ 1시간의 가열잔분의 값은 유사한 결과를 얻었고, 200℃이상에서는 흰색연기를 발생시켰다. 아울러 일반디젤, 20%의 바이오디젤 함유된 일반디젤, 그리고 100% 바이오디젤의 폭발(연소)한계를 실험적으로 확인해 본 결과 유사한 값을 얻었다. 따라서 인화위험성이 폭발위험성에 영향을 크게 미치지 못하는 경향을 확인하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서의 결과는 기존의 위험물안전관리법에서의 위험물 판정 기준에 대한 세부 내용의 실효성 및 신뢰성 그리고 재현성 확보를 목적으로 인화성 혼합물에 대한 실험적 연구를 통해서 혼합물에 대한 위험성 판단 기준을 제시하였고, 향후 소방현장에서 단속되는 인화성 액체 대한 판정 기준에 대한 참고적인 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 본 연구로 시험방법별 실험에 대한 노하우를 축적한다면 위험물의 위험성 평가 연구에 있어 기초 자료이자 위험물 판정 관한 연구의 기반으로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 제26회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.27-32
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• 2003

Diesel-Fueled HCCI(Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) Engine is an advanced combustion process explained as a premixed charge of diesel fuel and air is admitted into the cylinder and compression ignited. It has possibility to reduce NOx by spontaneous auto-ignition at multiple points that allows very lean combustion resulting in low combustion temperatures. Also PM could be reduced by the premixed combustion and no fuel-rich zones. But HCCI couldn't be realized because of the difficulties in vaporizing the diesel, control of combustion phase directly. To solve these problems, new fuel injection strategy, explained as the pilot fuel injection to promote ignition near TDC following the main fuel injection at the extremely advanced timing, is applied during the compression ratio is varied from 18.9:1 to 27.7:1 This is not a pilot fuel to promote the ignition but also the direct control method of the combustion phase. Experimental result shows the pilot fuel injection promote the ignition and the compression ignition of the HCCI engine is achieved as compression ratio becomes higher. Also there is an optimal pilot fuel injection timing for the HCCI combustion. NOx is reduced more than 90% compared to DI-Diesel case but PM and THC emission needs more investigation.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2009

An experimental investigation was conducted to analyze the effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-diesel blended fuels on the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions, and size distributions of particulate matter in a single cylinder diesel engine. The three types of test fuel were biodiesel and two blended fuels which were added ethanol and diesel by 20 % volume based fraction into biodiesel, respectively. In this study, the injection rate, combustion pressure, exhaust emissions and size distributions of particulate matter were measured under various injection timings and injection pressures. The experimental results show that biodiesel-ethanol blended fuel has lengthened ignition delay and low combustion pressure in comparison with those of biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blended fuel even if all fuels indicated similar trends of injection rate under equal injection pressures. In addition, the ethanol blended fuel significantly reduced nitrogen oxidies (NOx) and soot emissions. And then the size distribution of particulate matters shows that blended fuels restrain the formation of particles which were beyond the range of 150nm comparison with biodiesel fuel.