• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.751-756
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• 2006

Purpose : Our goals were to determine the frequency of headaches and backaches occurring as a side effect following lumbar puncture in children, and to investigate various factors that might influence the frequency of headaches and backaches. Methods : From October 2004 to February 2006, we enrolled 148 patients aged 2 to 15 years who received diagnostic lumbar puncture at the Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju, Korea. Patient data were collected for age, sex, number of puncture attempts, volume of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), bevel orientation of puncture needle, cell count in CSF, periods of absolute bed rest, and the frequency and duration of headaches and backaches. Results : Headaches occurred in 8 patients and backaches occurred in 40 patients. Headaches were found both to occur significantly more frequently in patients over age 10 and to last longer when the bevel orientation of the puncture needle was inserted toward the cranium rather than laterally. Backaches lasted longer in males than in females. The other factors evaluated showed no relationship at all to the frequency and duration of headaches and backaches. Conclusion : Following lumbar puncture, headaches were common in patients over age 10, and lasted longer when the bevel orientation was toward the cranium. Backaches lasted longer in males than in females. In light of these findings, we recommend taking special care when performing lumbar puncture for CSF examination in patients over age 10.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2016

Headache is one of the most common physical symptoms which almost everyone experience at least once during a life. Headache is often associated with disability, but rarely with secondary headache which could result in a serious life-threatening illness, i.e. brain tumor. However, in most cases, headache is a benign illness which comprises a primary headache, i.e. migraine or tension-type headache. The accurate diagnosis of headache is critical for clinicians and it begins with history taking and physical examination since there are no diagnostic tests for primary headaches. Nowadays, there are a wide variety of pharmacological treatments according to each headache disorder. The specific purposes of this review are introducing history of classification of headache disorder and presenting diagnostic process of headache disorder. Then, we discuss the effective pharmacological treatment strategies of each headache disorder.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

Objectives : Headache is a clinical symptom that more than 90% of all individuals experience during their life time. This article provides a current concept of tension-type and migraine headaches and summarizes the effects of biofeedback treatment and/or relaxation techniques. Methods : The following terms were used for Pubmed/Medline search : biofeedback, relaxation, physiological, behavioral, nonpharmacological, headache, tension-type headache, and migraine. A review of references from relevant literature was also conducted to collect reports not identified in the Pubmed/Medline search. Interviews with experts on biofeedback were also included in this review. Results : Headache is a psychophysiological symptom that can be treated by some behavioral interventions including biofeedback and relaxation. Literatures on biofeedback and/or relaxation have consistently reported significant therapeutic effects on headaches. Important factors that we have to consider, when we apply to headache patients with biofeedback and relaxation techniques, were also presented. Conclusion : The available evidence suggests that biofeedback and relaxation techniques are effective treatments for the patients with headaches and can be provided to the patients as monotherapy or combination therapy with medication.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2018

Purpose: Obesity and headache are two highly prevalent diseases both in childhood and adolescent. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of obesity in pediatric headaches patients in a single institution in Korea, and differences according to age, sex, headache type, frequency, intensity, and disability. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 340 subjects (6-18 years of age) who visited the Pediatric Headache Clinic of Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital during the period from January 2015 through March 2018. Data on age, sex, height and weight, as well as headache type, frequency, intensity and disability, were collected. Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile was calculated based on the 2017 Korean Children Adolescence Growth Chart. Results: 17.6% of the pediatric headache patients were obese. The prevalence of obesity in male patients was higher than females (Male 23.8% VS Female 11.6%, P=0.002). There were no significant differences in obesity rate according to age, headache type, frequency, intensity, and disability. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity in the pediatric headache population was 17.6% which is higher than 10.1% in general population (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, KNHANES, 2013).

• 건강소식
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• v.24 no.9 s.262
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• pp.24-25
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• 2000

두통은 정신적 스트레스, 각종 염증, 외상 등 여러가지 원인에 의해 일어나며 인류의 역사와 함께 해 온 가장 오래된 증상이다. 한방에서는 전신의 균형을 잡아 주고 경락을 소통시키는 치료를 통해 두통 치료에 있어서 상당한 효과를 거두고 있다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2002

Objective: Various psychological factors influence the occurrence of tension-type headaches. The aim of this study is to compare the level of alexithymia between tension-type headache patients and normal controls. Methods: Sixty-six subjects with tension-type headaches and 59 controls were studied. The Beck Depression Inventory and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20K) were administered to the tension-type headache group and TAS-20K to the normal control group. Results: Compared with normal controls, the tension-type headache group had significantly higher alexithymia scores. There was also significant association between the level of alexithymia and the severity of the depression in tension-type headache patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients with tension-type headaches have difficulty in expressing their emotions. And in patients with tension-type headaches, the more alexithymic they are, the more depressive.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2009

목적 : 두통의 침술효과에 대한 연구가 꾸준히 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 많은 연구들에서 서로 상충되는 결과를 내놓고 있다. 이에 저자는 대조군 집단 시술의 역할과 시험의 특성에 대해 연구하는 데 있어 몇 가지 유형의 두통, 특히 긴장성 두통(Tension-type headache, TTH)과 편두통에 대한 침술의 대조군 시험에서 나타나는 일관성 없는 발견 사항들의 원인이 무엇인지에 대해 밝히려고 하였다. 방법 : 두통의 침술효과에 대해 보고하고 있는 11개의 임의대조군 시험(Randomized controlled trials, RCTs)을 대상으로 하여 위약 침술과 방법론적 특성 범주 III과 IV를 중심으로 위약 시술 분석, 비교를 실시하였다. 결과 : 임상적 유효성과의 상관관계에 있어 범주 III과 IV 사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 표본 크기 계산, 표본 전체 크기, 진짜 집단과 위약 집단에 속한 피험자의 수에는 긍정적 결과와 중립적 결과 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 두통의 임의대조군 시험에 대한 다양한 유형의 위약 대조군과 침술의 방법론적 특성이 임상적 효과를 예측해 주는지의 여부에 대해 추가 연구가 이루어져야 하겠다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.869-874
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• 2009

Purpose : Short attacks of headache are present in the pediatric age group. Short-lasting headaches (SLH) have been infrequently reported in children and adolescents. This study aims to assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of short-lasting headaches in children and adolescents. Methods : One hundred twenty-three consecutive patients attended the Chosun University Hospital Headache Center between March 2006 and July 2007. Among 123 headache patients, 44 patients with one key criterion, namely, recurrent headaches episodes of a few seconds to less than 30 minutes, were selected. Results : Of the 123 headache patients, 44 (35.8%, males 18, females 26) had SLH. The mean age was 9.24 years (range 2.3-14.2). The mean headache frequency was $11.50{\pm}10.30$ per month, mean severity was $4.86{\pm}1.36$ out of 10, and the mean PedMIDAS score was $7.97{\pm}17.51$. SLH was significantly more common in children <6 years old (10/22, 45.5%) than in ${\geq}6$ years old (34/101, 33.7%) (P=0.015). The nature of pain was pressure in 30.2%, stabbing in 27.9%, throbbing in 18.6%, and dull in 11.7%. In 52.4% patients, the pain occurred in the front, one side of the temple in 28.5%, both sides of the temple in 7.1%, and back in 4.8% patients. The duration of attacks was <6 minutes in 38% and ${\geq}6$ minutes in 61.4%. The intensity of the pain was 4-6 out of 10 in 75.0%, in 13.6% 1-3, and in 11.4% 7-10. Treatment was significantly effective in reducing the frequency, duration, and severity of headaches and the PedMIDAS score after 3 months (P<0.05). Conclusion : Short attacks of headache are common (35.8%) in children and adolescents. These are difficult to classify according to International Headache Society criteria. The outcome, after a period of 3 months to 2 years, was favorable in most patients. Further studies are needed to gather more data and to obtain a better description of these forms of headache in the pediatric group.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.355-364
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• 2006

Headache is a common disease which influences not only individually but also socially. Temporomandibular disorders(TMD) refers to pain and dysfunction within the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) and associated muscles. TMD is presented commonly, and 70% of population are found to have one or more related symptom. A number of studies have been conducted to verify the association between headache and TMD, and some authors have proposed that headache and TMD may be related. In this study, we studied the patterns of headache presented by the patients who visited the TMJ and Orofacial pain clinic. Among the patients participated in this study, tension type headache showed the highest prevalence(48.5%), followed by migraine without aura(15.0%), probable migraine(10.6%), migraine with aura(7.1%), probable tension type headache(4.8%), and other primary headaches(1.8%). The high prevalence of tension type headache may be due to the accompaniment of orofacial pain by pericranial muscle tenderness. Comparison of sex showed that the rate of migraine was higher in female than male(female to male ratio 35.8:25.3). In age analysis, the rate of migraine was high in the twenties(42.2%) and the thirties(40.0%). As the age increased, the rate of migraine decreased, and this trend was in accordance with the previous studies. The percentage of the patients who had previously received treatment was only 26.2%, and that of those who were aware of the diagnosis was merely 8.7%. Therefore, it is not common for headache patients to get treatment, however, since orofacial pain is often accompanied by headache, more systematic diagnosis as well as precise treatment would be necessary. Moreover, since TMD could induce and aggravate headache, proper evaluation and management of TMD would be essential for diagnosis and treatment of headache. In the future, more systematic and broad investigation on the influence of causative factors of TMD on headache as well as the change in headache pattern with the treatment of TMD would be required.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.539-548
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• 2020

TTH(tension-type headache) is the most common primary headache among adults. Long-term headaches cause chronic headaches and have a better impact on daily life. The purpose of this study is to compare the contributions to TTH through AVE(audio-visual entertainment) and STM(soft tissue mobilization) suitable for management of pathogenic and psychogenic factors of TTH. The participants of this study were from 30 people who complained of intermittent or persistent headaches for more than 6 months, and 10 participants each in the AVE group, STM group, and AVE plus STM group. In the assigned group, a total of 12 sessions were performed three times a week for 4 weeks after the baseline, followed by post-test. Outcome measures measured PPTs(pressure pain thresholds), psychophysiological parameters, and EEG(electroencephalogram). The measured results were analyzed for interaction between time and group through a two way rmANOVA(repeated measurement variance analysis). As a result of the PPTs, interaction was found in the results of the right trapezius (p<.05), and the more improvement was observed in the AVE group. Therefore, through AVE based on psychological factors rather than direct access to the muscles of pathogenic factors, a positive impact on the PPTs was shown, but the average value of the psychophysiological parameters and brain waves that were not statistically significant. The amount of change was observed. Through this, it is suggested that audio-visual stimulation could be considered in the management of TTH.