• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.213-220
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of sling exercise program on muscle activity and cervical spine curvature of person with forward head posture. The subjects, 25 students, were divided into two groups. This experiment was intended to examine the muscle activity and cervical spine curvature while the subjects had performed the exercises to do for 2 times/week and 4 weeks. The factors of FHP were measured cranial vertical angle, cranial rotation angle, muscular activity and cervical spine curvature. Cervical spine curvature measured craniovertical, craniocervical, cervicohorizontal and upper cervical angle. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 10.0. After experiment for 4 weeks period, results were as following: Both group was significant difference of the results according to the CVA. Exercise group are more effective to increase muscle activity (p<.05), but cervical spine curvature was no significant difference. This result, we could find out there was a significant correlation between sling exercise and muscle activity, CVA and CRA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.01a
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• pp.173-175
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• 2023

최근 좌식생활과 컴퓨터사용의 증가로 전방머리자세 가진 젊은 성인이 증가하고 있으며 이를 개선하기 위한 슬링 뉴렉기법을 적용한 복합운동의 효과를 알아보고자 실시되었다. 이 연구의 결과 운동군에서 통증, 목뼈 앞굽은각, 중력중심선에서 유의한 감소가 나타났다(p<.001). 이러한 결과는 슬링뉴렉을 적용한 복합운동이 억제된 근육에 신경근 활성화와 근육의 재교육을 통해 통증 및 목뼈정렬에 긍정적인 역할을 한 것으로 생각되며 전방두부자세 개선을 위한 효율적인 중재 방법이 될 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2014

This paper tries to examine whether the application of joint mobilization to subjects who have the forward head posture due to malalignment in the cervical joint has influence on posture changes and functions in the cervical joint. The subjects were 39 students from G University in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The cervical joint mobilization was applied to 20 subjects and not to 19. The students with a cervical lordosis angle of $21^{\circ}C$ or less, an anterior weight bearing (AWB) of 15mm or greater, and a cervical extension ROM of $70^{\circ}C$ or less in terms of radiography were selected as subjects under their voluntary agreement. The patients actively performed the joint mobilization slowly 8 times per session while therapists continuously applied sustained accessory glide to their painful joints 3 times per week for 4 weeks along with the cervical expansion and flexion in SNAGS among other Mulligan's (1995) techniques. The measurement was carried out in terms of radiographic inspection and neck disability indexes. As a result of the experiment, it turned out that the subjects with the forward head posture had changes in the cervical AWB and ARA, the ranges of expansion and flexion, and the NDI(Neck Disability Index) after the intervention for the experimental group by applying cervical joint mobilization. There were no changes observed in the control group. In conclusion, the application of joint mobilization turned out to have influence on the improvement of cervical joint postures, and craniocervical region functions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.151-158
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• 2008

Poor posture of the neck and head has long been recognized as a factor contributing to the onset and perpetuation of pain in the head and neck region. This study were to evaluate the change of the neck pressure pain threshold in long term computer users. To elucidate change of the neck pressure pain threshold in long term computer users, the effect of computer using time(3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 hours) on neck pressure pain threshold were studied in 20 subjects. Neck pressure pain threshold were recorded 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 hours group, and evaluated by pressure algometry to Trapezius muscle, Sternocleidomastoidius muscle, Suboccipitalis muscle and Temporalis muscle. Neck pressure pain threshold was significantly larger in 15 hours group(p<.05). But relation between neck pressure pain threshold in male group and female group were not significant differences(p>.05).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2002

Poor posture of the neck and head long been recognized as a factor contributing to the onset and perpetuation of pain in the head and neck region. The purposes of the study were to evaluate the changes in forward head posture and pressure pain threshold in tension type headache group and control group. Forward head posture were measured to craniovertebral angle and cranial rotation angle. Craniovertebral angle was smaller in tension type headache group(p<0.05), and cranial rotation angle was larger in tension type headache group(p<0.05). Pressure pain threshold was similar between tension type headache group and control group with the exception of right suboccipitalis and left temporalis(p<0.05).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.339-347
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• 2000

To elucidate pressure pain threshold of pericranial muscle due to involuntary. the effect of 30 min or forward head position(FHP) was studied in 20 patients with episodic tension-type headache and in 20 control without headache. Pressure pain thresholds were recorded before and after the FHP. and evaluated by pressure algometry. Thresholds increased in the patients and control after FHP. Relation between thresholds in patients anf control before FHP were not significant differences, but thresholds increased in patients after FHP. So, involutary muscle contraction due to FHP may be effect pressure pain threshold or pericranial muscle.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

Purpose : This study was analyzed to researched the improvement of the posture and breathing ability on correction method of posture and breathing exercise in Forward Head Posture(FHP) Method : Eighten forward head posture subjects participated in this study. The control group applied to correction method of posture and the experiment group applied to correction method of posture with breathing exercises. Results : The results showed significant improvement in Craniovertebra-Angle on each two group(P<0.05). All the other result showed non-significant in respiratory(Tidal volume, Expiratory residual volume, Inspiratory residual volume) But value of result is slightly improved in after exercise. Conclusion : CVA angle is increased in each group but not increased between experiment group and control group. Total Volume(TV), Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV) and Expiratory Reserve Volume(ERV) are a little increased.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.2 s.49
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• pp.129-142
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to estimate correlations of craniocervical posture and craniofacial morphology in Korean young adults. The sample consisted of 50 young adults (25 males and 25 females) who had good profile and Class I molar relationship. The analysis of craniocervical posture and craniofacial morphology was performed on lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position. The results were as follows, 1. The mean and the standard deviation of postural and morphologic variables were obtained. 2. Korean young adult had cervical lordosis of which degree between OPT and CVT shows $3.55{\pm}2.58^{\circ}$ 3. Craniocervical posture and each of vertical ratio, facial prognathism, mandibular rotation showed high correlation. 4. Correlation coefficients between postural variables and each of intermaxillary relation, anteroposterior ratio were low. 5. The head positioning error of natural head position was smaller than the inter-individual variability of postural variables.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.6 s.77
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• pp.707-720
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate racial differences In head posture and the influence of head posture to the craniofacial morphology. The sample group of this study was made up of 51 Korean males and 120 Scandinavian Caucasian males. From the comparison of the cranio-cervical angle and the variables of craniofacial morphology between them, the following results were obtained. 1. The cranio-cervical angle (NSL/OPT) was on average 9.28 degrees larger In Koreans. 2. The length of the anterior cranial base (N-S) was on average 4.66mm shorter in Koreans. 3. The length of the maxillary base (sp-pm and ss-pm) were on average 2.75mm and 4.65mm shorter in Koreans respectively, the anterior maxillary height (n-sp) was on average 2.60mm longer, the posterior dimension (s-pm) was found to be 2.06mm longer in Koreans, and the maxillary inclination (NSL/NL) was identical in both samples. 4. The mandibular body length (pg-tgo) and ramus height (ar-tgo) were identical in the two groups, but the genial angle (ML/RL) was 3.22 degrees smaller and the mandibular plane inclination (NSL/ML) was 2.44 degrees larger in Koreans 5. The maxillary prognathism (s-n-sp and s-n-ss) and the mandibular prognathism (s-n-sm) were identical in both samples. 6. The sagittal jaw relationship (ss-n-pg) was 1.44 degrees larger in the Korean sample, but the vortical jaw relationship (NL/ML) was not significantly different. 7. The anterior facial height (n-gn) was 5.57mm longer in the Korean sample. 8. The mandibular alveolar prognathism (CL/ML) was 5.71 degrees greater and the interincisal angle (ILs/ILi) was 3.08 degrees more acute in Koreans. Taken together these results, craniofacial morphology can be influenced by the head posture defined by cranio-cervical angulation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2009

Purpose: This study assessed the differences in the forward head posture (FHP), cervical range of motion, and headache clinical parameters in episodic tension-type headache (ETTH) subjects, chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) subjects, and healthy controls (university students). Methods: Fifteen CTTH subjects, 15 ETTH subjects and 15 controls without headache were examined. Side-view images of each group were taken in both the sitting and standing positions, in order to assess the FHP by measuring the craniovertebral angle. The CROM was used to measure the cervical range of motion. A headache diary was kept for 4 weeks to assess the headache intensity, frequency, and duration. Results: The craniovertebral angle was smaller, ie, there was a greater FHP, in the CTTH and ETTH subjects than in the healthy controls in both the sitting and standing positions (p<0.05). The CTTH and ETTH subjects showed a lower cervical range of motion than the healthy controls in the total range of motion as well as in the half-cycles (p<0.05). Conclusion: The increased FHP and decreased cervical range of motion might be a contributing factor in the initiation of tension-type headache.