• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 2010

Purpose : DIR image is relatively free from susceptibility artifacts therefore, DIR image can make it possible to reliably measure cortical thickness/volume. One drawback of the DIR acquisition is the long scan time to acquire the fully sampled 3D data set. To solve this problem, we applied a parallel imaging method (GRAPPA) and verify the reliability of using the volumetric study. Materials and methods : Six healthy volunteers (3 males and 3 females; age $25.33{\pm}2.25$ years) underwent MRI using the 3D DIR sequence at a 3.0T Siemens Tim Trio MRI scanner. GRAPPA simulation was performed from the fully sampled data set for reduction factor 2. Data reconstruction was performed using MATLAB R2009b. Freesurfer v.4.3.0 was used to evaluate the cortical thickness of the entire brain, and to extract white matter information from the DIR image, Analyze 9.0 was used. The global cortical thickness estimated from the reconstructed image was compared with reference image by using a T-test in SPSS. Results : Although reduced SNR and blurring are observed from the reconstructed image, in terms of segmentation the effect was not so significant. The volumetric result was validated that there were no significant differences in many cortical regions. Conclusion : This study was performed with DIR image for a volumetric MRI study. To solve the long scan time of 3D DIR imaging, we applied GRAPPA algorithm. According to the results, fast imaging can be done with reduction factor 2 with little loss of image quality at 3.0T.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.65-90
• /
• 2017

Rewards or penalties become informative only when contingent on an immediately preceding response. Our goal was to determine if the brain responds differently to motivational events depending on whether they provide feedback with the contingencies effective for learning. Event-related fMRI data were obtained from 22 volunteers performing a visuomotor categorical task. In learning-condition trials, participants learned by trial and error to make left or right responses to letter cues (16 consonants). Monetary rewards (+500) or penalties (-500) were given as feedback (learning feedback). In random-condition trials, cues (4 vowels) appeared right or left of the display center, and participants were instructed to respond with the appropriate hand. However, rewards or penalties (random feedback) were given randomly (50/50%) regardless of the correctness of response. Feedback-associated BOLD responses were analyzed with ANOVA [trial type (learning vs. random) x feedback type (reward vs. penalty)] using SPM8 (voxel-wise FWE p < .001). The right caudate nucleus and right cerebellum showed activation, whereas the left parahippocampus and other regions as the default mode network showed deactivation, both greater for learning trials than random trials. Activations associated with reward feedback did not differ between the two trial types for any brain region. For penalty, both learning-penalty and random-penalty enhanced activity in the left insular cortex, but not the right. The left insula, however, as well as the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, showed much greater responses for learning-penalty than for random-penalty. These findings suggest that learning-penalty plays a critical role in learning, unlike rewards or random-penalty, probably not only due to its evoking of aversive emotional responses, but also because of error-detection processing, either of which might lead to changes in planning or strategy.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.723-744
• /
• 2010

The aim of this study was to find the effects of open-ended problems on mathematical creativity and brain function. In this study, one class of first grade students were allocated randomly into two groups. Each group solved different problems. The experimental group solved the open-ended problems and the comparison group solved the closed-problems. Mathematical creativity was tested by the paper test. And Brain function was tested by an EEG(electroencephalogram) tester. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, this study analyzed how the open-ended problems are effective on mathematical creativity. This analysis showed that it had a meaningful influence on the mathematical creativity(p=0.46). Accordingly, we could find out that open-ended problems make the student connect the mathematical concept and idea and think variously. Secondly, this study analyzed the effect of open-ended problems on brain function. This analysis showed that it did not have a meaningful influence on the brain function(p=.073) statistically but the experimental group's evaluation was higher than comparison groups' at the post-test. It also had a meaningful influence on the brain attention quotient(left) (p=.007), attention quotient(right) (p=.023) and emotion tendency quotient(p=.025). As a result of such tests, we could find out that open-ended problems are effective on brain function, especially on the attention ability. With the use of the open-ended problems, students could show quick understanding and response. An emotion tendency is also developed in the process. Because various answers are accepted, the students gain an internal reward at the process of finding an answer. Putting the above results together, we could find that open-ended problem is effective on mathematical creativity and brain function.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.185-194
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of short-term foresters on brain waves and pulse waves. For this purpose, 484 foresters who visited the natural recreation forest located in Cheongpyeong city, Gyeonggi province, measured the before and after experiences of EEG and pulse waves, and the following results were obtained. First, foresters have been shown to be effective on concentration, brain activity, and brain stress. Second, foresters had positive effects on cardiac health and autonomic health. In other words, when various substances released from the forest come into the body through the respiratory system, it firstly affects the heart activity positively, and it seems to be able to expect various improvements by acting on the emotional side of the brain. Therefore, based on the scientific basis of the forest experience, it is expected that the experience of forests will be widely used as a guide for healthy life by creating conditions for participation by many people. In addition, the mechanism of respiration, heartbeat, and brain interaction is also possible, and various experimental studies on the forest experience in the future are important.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
• /
• 1999.05a
• /
• pp.24-25
• /
• 1999

앞으로는 열심히 공부하는 사람보다 풍부한 아이디어를 가진 사람, 남들이 할 수 없는 엉뚱한 발상을 해내는 사람이 크게 성공하게 된다. 상상력. 공상력이 풍부하다는 것. 만화산업에서 무엇보다 중요한 것은 창조적 고급두뇌의 확보이다. 국민의 정부에서도 1998년 2월 25일 집권 이후에 문화산업을 국가의 기간산업으로 적극 추진하기 위하여 국정과제로 책정하였다.(중략)

• Monthly Korean Chicken
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.104-105
• /
• 2010

입맛이 없을 때 색다른 음식을 찾게 됩니다. 이때 향이 강한 카레가 입맛을 돋우어 줍니다. 항산화, 항염증 작용으로 두뇌 건강에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 각광받고 있는 카레와 쫄깃쫄깃한 닭다리살을 이용한 치킨 카레를 만들어 드셔보세요. 여기에다 또띠아를 싸서 먹으면 국이 외식을 나가지 않아도 색다른 요리의 맛과 멋을 즐길 수 있습니다.

• 건강소식
• /
• v.31 no.11 s.348
• /
• pp.28-29
• /
• 2007

수능이 코앞으로 다가왔다. 흔히 수능을 '체력싸움'이라고 할 만큼 체력이 실력의 한 부분이 되어, 이제는 그동안 갈고 닦은 실력을 제대로 발휘하기 위해 체력적으로도 보완을 해야 하는 시기이다. 수험생은 소화가 잘되고 영양이 풍부한 식품을 적당량, 규칙적으로 섭취하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 수능 시험을 치르는 고3수험생은 물론, 공부하는 학생들의 두뇌 회전을 도와주는 건강요리를 알아보자.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 1994

국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하고 경제발전에 기여하는 엔지니어링산업은 두뇌산업이며 엔지니어링산업을 육성하기 위하여는 선진국의 기술사등록제를 연구하여 활성화하는 방안을 강구하여야 할 것이다. 우리나라의 기술사제도의 미비점을 검토하기 전에 우선 외국의 기술사등록제의 운영실태를 조사할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.44-47
• /
• 1999

This study deals with the quality strategy using brain science as the tool of productivity improvement. Especially, it is critically analyzed that the application of the brain theory to the new deployment methodology of quality management corresponds to the industrial improvement properly in points of performing quality and productivity, and contributing the growth of our society etc.

• The Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.3 s.346
• /
• pp.94-95
• /
• 1998

남의 상품 모방의 마술사인 일본은 자원이라곤 물과 태양 그리고 국민의 두뇌 뿐이면서도 지난해 무역흑자 7백70억 달라를 기록했고 선진국의 기초연구 성과를 재빨리 그리고 교묘하게 응용해서 상품화하여 달러박스화 했다. 일본의 도요레욘은 나일론 기술도입으로 소니는 트랜지스터 라디오로, 세이코는 쿼츠손목시계로 세계시장을 주름잡았다. 우리도 기술시대를 맞아 새로운 상품개발로 IMF난국을 하루속히 극복해야겠다.