• 한국양묘협회지
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• s.12
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• pp.30-50
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• 1984

• 한국양묘협회지
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• s.12
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• pp.5-15
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• 1984

• Cement
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• s.23
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• pp.8-10
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• 1968

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.9-15
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• 1997

치밀 난구세포로 둘러싸인 소 난자를 $38^{circ}C$. 5% $CO_2$ 배양기에시 5% superovulated cow serum(SCS)이 첨가된 m-TCM 199 medium 으로 $20{\sim}22$ 시간 배양하였으며, 수정능이 획득된 정자와 체외수정하였다. 7일${\sim}$8일경의 수정란을 1.3M methyl cellosolve(MC), 1.1M diethylene glycol(DEG), 1.8M ethylene glycol(EG), 1.6M propylene glycol(PG) 및 1.1M 1,3-butylene glycol(BG) 용액에서 10분간 평형시킨 후 0.25 ml 스트로내에 장전하였다. 스트로를 $0^{\circ}C$의 alcohol bath freezer에 넣고 $-6^{\circ}C$까지 $-1^{\circ}C$/분 속도로 냉각, 식빙 후 10분간 정체시켰으며, $-0.3^{\circ}C$/분 또는 $-0.5^{\circ}C$/분으로 $-30^{\circ}C$까지 냉각 후 스트로를 액체질소에 침지하여 보관하였다. 수정란이 들어있는 스트로를 $30^{\circ}C$ 온수에서 융해하였으며, 수정란을 TCM 199 medium 으로 옮긴 후 5% SCS가 첨가된 TCM 199 medium 에서 48시간 배양하였다. 수정란이 양호한 형태를 유지하며 나중의 발육단계로 진행된 것을 생존한 것으로 간주하였다. 각 종류의 동해방지제에서 동결된 수정란의 일부는 융해 후 동해방지제를 제거하지 않고 직접 비외과적으로 이식하였다. 동결-융해 후 동해방지제의 종류에 따른 탈출배반포 발달율은 EG 50.0%, MC 53.6%, DEG 56.9%, PG 58.0% 그리고 BG 11.5%였다. $-0.3^{\circ}C$/분 또는 $-0.5^{\circ}C$/분 으로 냉각한 수정란의 생존율은 두 그룹간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 (P<0.05), 탈출배반포 발달율은 -0.5분 $^{\circ}C$/분(22.6%, 12/53)보다 $-0.3^{\circ}C$/분(64.6%, 31/48) 냉각시에 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.01). 동해방지제의 종류에 따른 수정란의 수태율은 MC 48%(10/21). DEG 30%(3/10), EG 74%(20/27) 및 PG 40%(4/10) 였다. 이러한 결과로 보아 MC, DEG, EG 그리고 PG는 소의 체외수정란의 동결을 위한 동해방지제로서 이용될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.181-192
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• 2015

This study aims to examine production technique of twelve white wares from the Gangneung Namyang-ri and Donghae Balhan-dong2(Samun-dong) kiln sites, Kangwon Province and characteristics of the used materials, and to find a correlation among materials of the excavated white wares. X-ray fluorescence sequential spectroscopy(XRF), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Dilatometer and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), Inductively coupled plasma automic emission spectrometer(ICP-AES) were applied to determine the chemical composition, crystalline phase of samples, firing temperatures, trace elements and rare earth elements. When analyzing body crystalline phases of the white wares using the XRD method, quartz and mullite were extracted from all the samples. Though firing temperature of each sample was different, they were mostly fired at a temperature below $1200^{\circ}C$. Analyzing the excavated white wares using the Seger formula, compositional properties of white wares in Gangneung Namyang-ri kiln showed diffrently from the Donghae Balhan-dong2(Samun-dong) kiln. The body of white wares from Gangneung Namyang-ri kiln have higher raito of $RO_2$ and $RO+R_2O$ than of white wares from Donghae Balhan-dong2(Samun-dong) kiln site. The white wares from Gangneung Namyang-ri kiln and Donghae Balhan-dong2(Samun-dong) kiln were made of host rocks of the different geological origin, according to the result of rare earth elements analysis.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.295-306
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• 2003

Recently efforts are underway to analyze the impacts of anthropogenic $CO_2$ on the global environments and the amount of oceanic uptake increase. The East Sea is now viewed as a miniature ocean because its circulation pattern is similar to the ocean conveyer belt. The biological pump of the East Sea is a vital component to understand the carbon cycle quantitatively. In this paper, the biological pump is estimated utilizing the stoichiometric ratio between carbon and phosphorus. A simple phosphate budget model is constructed based on the seawater and dissolved oxygen box model that can simulate the recent structural change in deep water circulation of the East Sea. A model run from you 1952 to 2040 shows the steadily intensifying biological pump. Currently it exports about 0.016 Pg C yr$^{-1}$ , which corresponds to 35％ of the carbon introduced into the seawater by the air-sea exchange. An increased oxygen supply to the central water mass as a result of from the transition in the ventilation system might enhance the remineralization of sinking biogenic particles. This should strengthen the upward nutrient flux into the surface layer. Consequently, the biological sequestration of anthropogenic carbon is expected to increase with time. The estimated biological uptake of the anthropogenic carbon in the East Sea since the Industrial Revolution is estimated as 0.025 Pg C.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-100
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• 1991

A layer of salinity-minimum which characterizes the East Sea intermediate Water (ESIW) is found at an approximate depth of 200 m in three CTD section taken in the Ulleung Basin on May 17-21, 1988. Properties at this layer vary in ranges of $1.1^{\circ}C except at stations near the east coast of Korea where temperature is as high as $4.39^{\circ}C$ and salinity is as low as $33.992{\textperthousand}$. To be distinguished from the ESIW the East Sea Proper Water (ESPW) may be characterized by temperature less than $1^{\circ}C$, Salinity at the saliently-minimum layer and 500db increases southward in general, implying that the cold waters, both ESIW and ESPW, formed in the northern basin of the East Sea are spreading southward below the permanent thermocline in the basin. Hydrography in the Ulleung Basin is very similar to that in the Alboran Sea, suggesting a possibility of an anticyclonic circulation in the Ulleung Basin which is controlled strongly by the shoaling bottom.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.208-219
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• 2010

Antique maps are a cultural heritage of recorded information with distinguished pictorial and scientific value. They have been utilized in a variety of academic fields, especially in historical geography, as the most fundamental data to look into the restoration of space or historic changes of area from the past. However, there is no sufficient study on the development of contents using antique maps in the exhibitions. Furthermore, there is almost no content research on the antique maps integrating the academic programs in museums or art galleries. In particular, it is very difficult to find research on the approaches to configure or utilize the exhibition contents related to the Sea of Korea using European antique maps. This study examined the construction of educational contents in order to use the European antique maps including the Sea of Korea as well as Korea itself in the exhibitions. The results of this study may visualize the results of academic research on the territory and territorial waters of Korea and extensively acknowledge them as scientific data all over the world. Furthermore, this study aimed to create the opportunity to increase interest in the Sea of Korea and recognize it again, to find the contents construction to use European antique maps as academic data for exhibition and education in museums or cultural facilities and to provide a basic model for history education using antique maps.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.195-205
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• 2020

Oceanic conditions in walleye pollock habitat in the East Sea have shown decadal fluctuations between warm and cold periods in turn. Specifically, sea surface temperature (SST) has shown a dramatic increase between the late 1980s and the middle 2000s, and abrupt decreasing patterns after the late 2000s. Oceanic conditions in the Dong-han Bay (spawning ground) and middle eastern coastal waters (fishing ground), however, indicated different fluctuation trends in SST, increasing in the Dong-han Bay after the late 1980s, and decreasing after the late 2000s. These fluctuation patterns were especially clear in February and March. Sea surface temperature in the middle eastern coastal waters of Korea soared continuously after the late 1980s, but did not show a distinct decreasing pattern after the late 2000s compared with Dong han Bay, except for February SST values. These long term water temperature changes in both walleye pollock spawning and fishing ground are related to variation in walleye pollock landings. Especially, abrupt changes in spawning ground SST can be one of the factors influencing survival in the early ontogenesis of walleye pollock, including egg and yolk larval stages. During the 1980s, the area of suitable spawning temperature (2-5℃) was wider, and the length of Walleye pollock egg and larval stages greater compared with past and present oceanographic environments. However, such patterns did not correspond with the optimal spawning temperature range and greater length of development of walleye pollock during the late 1980s likely triggering a decline in pollock stock. In conclusion, it has been supposed that the dramatic decrease in walleye pollock landings in the East Sea since the late 1980s was caused by increasing water temperature leading to both early mortality and unsuitable spawning conditions.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.493-511
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• 1995

Analysis of the Late Quaternary benthic foraminifera in the cores from the western part of the East Sea, Korea, indicates several distinct changes in the paleoenvironments during the deposition. The palecology of biofacies of Cores PC-1 from the upper slop and PC-2 from the rise shows several distinct changes in bottom water temperatures during the late Quaternary. The Core PC-4 from the Ulleung Basin generally consists of agglutinated genus, Muiliammina, and anaerobic calcareous genus, Bolivina, in biofacies, suggesting that the anoxic bottom condition was prevailed during the deposition. Benthic foraminiferal rare or barren zones in the Cores indicate the limits of water circulation caused by lower sea-level in the regions during the glacial period through the Late Quaternary. The changes of benthic foraminiferal biofacies reflect temporal and spacial variations in overall bottom environments, such as bottom water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and water circulation pattern. The benthic foraminiferal data can be used to interpret paleoclimatic conditions and predict global sea-level changes, and the results of these studies should be useful to understand the evolutional history of the East Sea through the Late Quaternary.