• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 1993

The present study was carried out to investigate the localization and isozyme patterns of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in metacercariae and in adults of F. seoulensis by enzyme-histochemistry method and electrophoresis. Acidphosphatase showed a strong activity at pH 5 in the intestinal caecum of adults, but showed no reactions in the nonsubstrate control and in the inhibitor-treated control. Alkaline phosphatase showed a strong activity at pH 8 in the intestinal caecum and the tribocytic organ of adults, and in the intestinal caecum and in the genital anlagen of metacercariae. In non-denature PAGE, ten bands of protein fraction from the extracts of metacercariae and twenty-two bands from adults were detected. In denature PAGE, two protein bands having molecular weights of 192 kDa and 123 kDa were detected in the metacercariae, but absent from adult stage. In adults, protein fractions of 27.5 kDa, 24.5 kDa, 21.4 kDa, 18 kDa, 16 kDa and 15 kDa were detected. In non-denature PAGE, isozymes of acid phosphatase showed the most strong activity at pH 5, whereas no activity was shown at pH 2 and pH 7. One isozyme 85 kDa, 73 kDa and 62 kDa) in adults.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 1980

With polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, peroxidase isoenzyme patterns in the terminal buds of grafted, 20-year-old Pinus elliottii trees were compared between abundant-flowering and poor-flowering trees during the period of female flower bud initiation. A total of nine peroxidase bands were observed in the terminal buds. The total amount of peroxidase enzymes in slash pine buds showed no significant difference between the abundant-flowering and poor-flowering trees. However, the fifth band from the gel front was observed in all the samples of abundant-flowering trees throughout the sampling period (July 8 to September 17), while this band was absent in most of the poor-flowering trees.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2003

This study was conducted to ascertain interspecific relationships by analyzing allozyme and soluble proteins of ten species in the Drosophila (Drosophila) to form a part of systematic studies of Korean drosophilids. The results of allozyme and TDE analysis showed that D. (D.) curvispina and D (D.) tsigana had the furthest genetic distance. On the other hand, the genetic distance between D (D.) angularis and D (D.) brachynephros was extremely close. And, ten species of the subgenus Drosophila can be divided into the first group of D. (D.) virilis, D. (D.) tsigana and D. (D.) lacertosa , and the second group consisted of four subgroups; the first subgroup clustered D. (D.) angularis and D (D.) brachynephros, the second subgroup clustered D. (D.) unispina and D. (D.) curvispina, the third subgroup of D (D.) takadai and D. (D.) kuntzei and the fourth subgroup of D. (D.) nigromaculata alone.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 1996

This study investigated the enzyme histochemical localization and characteristics of lactate (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) related with the oxidation-reduction metabolism in the sparganum and adult of 5. erinacei. By enzyme histochemical assay, activity of LDH was strong in the tegument and subtegumental muscle layers of the adult and sparganum. Activity of MDH was strong in the tegument of the sparganum and subtegumental muscle layers of the adult. However it was weak in the tegument of the adult. By electrophoresis, 45 kDa band was major and common in LDH of adults and spargana. The 150 kDa molecule was the major and common band in MDH of adults and r -spargana (from experimentally infected rats) . By isoelectrofocusing, isoelectric points (Pl) or 4 MDH isogyme from adult worm were 6.0.6.5, 6.7 and 7.1, respectively. Pl 6.0 was the major band. The active range of pH for MDH was about pH 6-8 and the optimum pH was pH 7 The effective temperature on the MDH was about $30^{\circ}C$∼$50^{\circ}C$ and the optimum temperature was about 40℃ in spargana md adult worm. In the stability against heat, when MDH was heated at 85℃ for 10 seconds, the activity was denatured perfectly. Maximum activity or MDH was 19.4 unit in the s-sparganum (from snakes), 24.5 unit in the r-sparganum (from rats) and 108.0 unit in the adult worm. The maximum activity was higher in adults than in spargana. The present result showed us that the nutrients absorbed through the tegument were transferred into inner tissues and were utilized as the source of metabolism. According to the habitat of the parasite, the isozymes of LDH and MDH are activated differently, and by this different activation the sparganum and adult can adapt themselves to parasitic circumstances.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.638-647
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• 1998

Protein Kinase C (PKC) activators, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), bryostatin, and dioctanoyl glycerol (DiC8), induce translocation of PKC isozymes from cytoplasm to plasma membrane or into nucleus. The activated PKC negatively modulates growth of human breast cancer cells. Antiproliferative effect and translocation of PKC were investigated in MCF-7 cells. The translocation of activated PKC isozymes by PMA, bryostatin and DiC8 was occurred at the various different regions in MCF-7 cell. PKC $\alpha$ and $\beta$ could be translocated to the nucleus or the nuclear mem-brane, and PKC $\delta$and $\varepsilon$ to cell membrane by PMA while DiC8 and bryostatin induced the translocation of PKC $\alpha$ and $\beta$ to the nucleus or plasma membrane, respectively. In the antiproliferative effect of PKC activators, PMA ($IC_{50}$/ values of 1.2$\pm$0.3nM) and DiC8 ($IC_{50}$/ values of 5.0$\pm$1.1$\mu$M) inhibited the cell growth. Bryostatin also inhibited the cell growth but to a much less degree than one obser-ved with PMA : 16% growth reduction by 100nM bryostatin. However, PMA treated with bryostatin induced gro-wth inhibition, but PMA with DiC8 at 10$\mu$M was not effective. These results suggest that each PKC isozyme is tran-slocated to various specific sites, and that especially, PKC $\alpha$ isozyme plays an important role in control of antiprolife-raive function of cell growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.264-271
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• 2013

Mating system parameters were estimated in a natural population of Pinus koraiensis which was located at Gwongeumseong in Mt. Seorak, South Korea. The estimated parameters from allozyme were as follows: 0.882 of multilocus outcrossing rates($t_m$), 0.881 of singlelocus outcrossing rates($t_s$), 0.368 of correlated paternity($r_p$), and 2.7 of number of effective pollen contributors. The estimated parameters from cpSSR markers were as follows: 0.831 of average of outcrossing rates and 12.4 of the average number of effective pollen contributors. The average outcrossing rate from two genetic markers was 0.857, which was similar to those estimated in other conifer species. More number of potential pollen contributors was estimated from cpSSR marker analysis compared with that estimated from allozyme marker analysis. This result sugges$t_s$ that cpSSR markers may be more useful than allozyme markers for identifying potential pollen contributors in the analysis of mating system.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 1996

This study was carried out to compare isozyme band pattern, growth characteristics and tuber yield of Dioscorea batatas to get basic information for varietal classification. It could be identify clearly by protein and esterase band pattern of leaf, petiole and stem tissue in three cultivar but with peroxidase band it was difficult to identify because of similar pattern in leaf and petiole tissue. Three cultivars has different leaf shape as Dan-ma and Jang-ma were lanceolate, Sukunea was long-heart shape in upper part of plants. In phyllotaxis, Dan-ma and Jang-ma shows alternate and opposite but Suwon 2 shows opposite in upper parts of stem. Root length shows significant difference from 9.7cm to 51cm respectively as 30cm, 51cm and 9.7cm in Dan-ma, Jang-ma and Sukunea. Tuber yield of three cultivars were 27.5M/T in Dan-ma, 22.8M/T in Jang-ma and 22.8M/T/ha in Sukunea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2016

Metabolism of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) was studied to identify the function of LDH-C. Tissues of LDH liver-specific Ldh-C expressed Carassius auratus and eye-specific Ldh-C expressed Lepomis macrochirus after starvation were studied. LDH activity in liver tissue from C. auratus was increased after starvation. And LDH specific activity (units/mg) and LDH/CS were increased in tissues. It means the anaerobic metabolism was taking place in C. auratus after starvation. LDH B₄ isozyme was decreased in skeletal muscle and increased in heart tissue. LDH C₄ isozymes those showed in eye and brain tissues were identified as liver-specific C₄ isozymes and disappeared after starvation. And C hybrid in eye, A₄ isozyme in brain, and both C hybrid and C₄ isozyme in liver tissue were increased, respectively. In L. macrochirus, the level of variation of LDH activities was low but greatly increased especially in eye tissue and LDH A₄ and AC hybrid were increased in brain tissue. The LDH activities in tissues from C. auratus and L. macrochirus remained 30.30-18.64% and 25-18.75%, respectively, as a result of the inhibition by 10 mM of pyruvate. The Km^PYR values of LDH in C. auratus were increased. As a result, LDH liver-specific C₄ isozyme was expressed in liver, brain and eye tissues during starvation. It seems metabolism of lactate was predominant in brain tissue. After starvation, the liver-specific LDH-C was affected more than eye-specific LDH-C.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1066-1071
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the metabolic adjustment of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) isozymes to a change in dissolved oxygen (DO) in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). After bluegills were adapted to a constant environment in an aquarium, the DO was changed to investigate the activity of LDH isozyme and the relative ratio of subunits A, B, and C for each tissue. When the DO was decreased from 18 ppm to 6 ppm, LDH in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain tissues recovered to the level of control activity within 12, 12, and 6 hr, respectively. LDH activity changed in accordance with a change in DO. The compensation was performed rapidly and is thought to be an important function of LDH in enabling bluegills to adapt to their environment. In bluegill heart, eye, and brain tissues, the relative ratio of subunit A increased and showed a tendency to recover similarly to the subunit ratio of control groups up to 12 hr. It is thought that the anaerobic metabolism using subunit A was increased in the initial stage when DO was changed. In addition, the results revealed that subunit C was more similar to subunit A than subunit B. In bluegills, subunits A and C of LDH seem to be evolutionarily similar. LDH isozymes, mainly containing subunits A and C, are likely responsible for the function of pyruvate reductase, which plays a role in making the bluegill adapt to a hypoxic environment through anaerobic metabolism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1532-1540
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• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of climbing resistance training on GLUT-4 protein and LDH isozyme activities of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in rats. Each experimental group was randomly divided into a control group (n=6) and a resistance exercise (n=6) group. Sprague-Dawley rats were made to climb a 180 cm tower for 12 wk. Weight changes in the resistance exercise group were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). GLUT-4 protein expression of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the resistance exercise group than in the control group. There was no difference in soleus tissue LDHA4 isozyme activity between the groups. In the case of other LDH isozyme, when compared with the control group, the resistance exercise group showed a significantly higher activity (p<0.05). LDHA4 activity of gastrocnemius muscle tissue was not different between the groups. However, the activity of the resistance exercise group of all the other LDH isozymes was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). In summary, based on the results of this study, over 12 weeks of resistance training, the total body weight of the rats was reduced and the GLUT-4 activity in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles was increased. In addition, except for LDH A4 all of the other LDH isozymes activities were increased. These results suggest that climbing resistance training affects the balance of body composition, increases LDH B-type isoenzymes and glucose metabolism capacity, and improves mitochondrial function.