• Title/Summary/Keyword: 동위효소

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Appropriate Electrophoresis Techniques and Isozymes to Identification of Barley Cultivars (보리품종 구분에 적합한 전기영동법과 효소)

  • Son, Eung-Ryong;Lee, Yong-Se;Yoon, Kyung-Eun;Ha, Yong-Woong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.405-411
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    • 1985
  • The buffer soluble proteins were extracted from six cultivars of barley grains and analyzed by various electrophoresis; 7.5% polyacrylamide slab gel, 2-30% polyacrylamide porosity gradient tube gel, isoelectric focusing (pH4-9) and starch gel electrophoresis. The proteins, esterase, acid phosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase were investigated to find out the best method to differentiate barley cultivars. The result were that protein and esterase bands in 2-30% polyacrylamide porosity gradient tube gel electrophoresis and protein bands in 7.5% polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis showed typical varietal differences. Therefore, those methods were suitable for differentiation of barley cultivars. It was difficult to differentiate the cultivars by the other methodes and patterns of the other enzymes.

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Detoxification Mechanism and Isoenzyme Pattern Changes against Cadmium in Rhizopus oryzae (Rhizopus oryzae의 카드뮴 해독기작과 이에 관련된 동위효소의 변화 양상)

  • Lee, Ki-Sung;Kim, Young-Ho;Park, Young-Sik;Park, Yong-Keun
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.23 no.1 s.72
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    • pp.86-91
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    • 1995
  • Isoenzymatic analysis related with cadmium adaptation and detoxifying mechanism were carried out upon Rhizopus oryzae. When cadmium was added into R. oryzae culture, activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) related with carbohydrate metabolizing pathways were stimulated. Novel isoenzyme CAT-2 related with removing intracellular toxic peroxides, was induced lately and derepressed very highly. On the other hand, lactate-catabolizing enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were repressed. These results strongly suggest that, under cadmium stress, much of derepression of enzymes relating with central metabolism such as TCA cycle that produces high yield of energy and relating with removal of toxic peroxides should be necessary.

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Genetic variation in five species of Korean Orostachys (Crassulaceae) (한국산 바위솔속(돌나물과) 5종에 대한 유전적 변이)

  • Kim, Hyung-Deok;Park, Ki-Ryong
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.295-311
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    • 2005
  • Starch gel electrophoretic studies using 24 populations of five Korean Orostachys species were conducted to investigate allozyme variation and to test hypotheses of systematic relationships among species. The resulting phenogram showed that the populations of five Korean Orostachys species were divided into two major groups. And they were concordant with molecular and morphological data in suggesting that Orostachys was divided into two groups corresponding to the subsect. Appendiculatae and subsect. Orostachys. The low genetic identities among Korean Orostachys species indicated that the species of Orostachys have diverged gradually through the model of geographical species. Comparing the previous genetic data from the species with similar life history and mode of reproduction, most of Korean Orostachys species revealed a significant low genetic variation, while the widespread O. japonicus showed a relatively high genetic variation among the Korean species. This kind of genetic variation pattern might be the results of the isolated habitats, limited numbers of individuals within the populations, destruction of habitats, inbreeding and asexual reproduction in Korean Orostachys populations. The Jungdongjin population (POP 21) of O. malocophyllus was genetically unrelated with remaining populations of the same species, and this interpretation was consistent to the results from the previous palynological and morphological studies. Our allozyme data supported the taxonomic treatment of recently proposed taxa, O. iwarenge (Makino) Hara for. magnus and O. margaritifolius.

Identification of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Clones through Isozyme Analysis (동위효소분석(同位酵素分析)에 의(依)한 테다소나무(Pinus taeda L.) 클론의 식별(識別))

  • Ryu, Jang Bal;Na, Chun Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.76 no.4
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    • pp.330-337
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    • 1987
  • Megagametophyte tissues from seeds of 45 loblolly pine clones were subjected to horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis. The resulting gels were tested for activity of five enzyme systems (GOT, SDH, PGM, MDH, and AP). Isozymes observed were under control of 11 loci. All 45 clones could be identified with unique genotypes at above 10 loci.

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Purification and Characterization of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Channa argus (가물치(Channa argus) 젖산탈수소효소 동위효소들의 정제 및 특성)

  • Park, Eun-Mi;Yum, Jung-Joo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.260-268
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    • 2010
  • The lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) isozymes in tissues from Channa argus were purified and characterized by biochemical, immunochemical and kinetic methods. The activity of LDH in skeletal muscle was the highest at 380.4 units and those in heart, eye and brain tissues were 13.4, 3,5 and 5.4 units, respectively. Citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7, CS) activity in heart tissue was the highest at 20.7 units. LDH/CS in skeletal muscle, heart, eye and brain tissues were 172.9, 0.6, 0.32 and 0.47. Protein concentration in skeletal muscle tissue was 14.7 mg/g and specific activities of LDH in skeletal muscle, heart, eye and brain tissues were 25.88, 0.79, 0.31 and 1.38 units/mg, respectively. Therefore, skeletal muscle tissue was anaerobic and heart tissue was aerobic. The LDH isozymes in tissues were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation and Western blot with antiserum against $A_4$, $B_4$, and eye-specific $C_4$. LDH $A_4$, $A_3B$, $A_2B_2$. $AB_3$ and $B_4$ isozymes were detected in every tissue, $C_4$, $AC_3$, $A_2C_2$ and $A_3C$ were detected in eye tissue, and $A_3C$ was found in brain tissue. LDH $A_4$, $A_3B$, $A_2B_2$, $AB_3$, $B_4$, eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes were purified by affinity chromatography and Preparative PAGE Cells. The LDH $A_4$ isozyme was purified in the fraction from elution with $NAD^+$ containing buffer of affinity chromatography. Eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme was eluted right after $A_4$, after which $B_4$ isozyme was eluted with plain buffer. As a result, one part of molecular structures in $A_4$, $B_4$ and eye-specific $C_4$ were similar, but were different from each other in $B_4$ and $C_4$. Therefore the subunit A may be conservative in evolution, and the evolution of subunit B seems to be faster than that of subunit A. The activity of LDH $A_4$, $A_2B_2$, $B_4$, and eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes remained at 39.98, 21.28, 19.67 and 16.87% as a result of the inhibition by 10 mM of pyruvate, so the degree of inhibition was very high. The $Km^{PYR}$ values were 0.17, 0.27 and 0.133 mM in $A_4$, $B_4$ and eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes, respectively. The optimum pH of LDH $A_4$, $B_4$, eye-specific $C_4$, $A_2B_2$, $A_3B$, and $AB_3$ were pH 6.5, pH 8.5, pH 5.5, pH 6.0-6.5, pH 5.0 and pH 7.5. The $A_4$ and heterotetramer isozymes stabilized a broad range of pH. Especially, LDH activities in skeletal muscle tissue were high, resulting in a high degree of muscle activity.LDH metabolism in eye tissue seems to be converted faster from pyruvate to lactate by eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme as eye-specific $C_4$ have the highest affinity for pyruvate, and right after the conversion, oxidation of lactate was induced by $A_4$ isozyme. It was found that expression of Ldh-C, affinity to substrate and reaction time of $C_4$ isozyme were different according to the ecological environmental and feeding capturing patterns.

Fungal laccases from basidiomycetes and their inducibility (담자균으로부터 생산되는 균체 Laccases 및 이 효소의 유도특성)

  • Leonowicz, Andrzej;Wilkolazka, A.;Rogalski, J.;Kim, Dong-Hoon;Cho, Nam-Seok
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.127-139
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    • 2004
  • Laccases are multicopper-containing enzymes which catalyze the oxidation of phenolic and nonphenolic compounds with the concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen. They often occur as isoenzymes, either constitutive or inducible, that oligomerize to multilateral complexes, what allow for penetration to the woody cell wall structure. White rot basidiomycete fungi may produce a number of laccase isoenzymes, some constitutively and others after induction. Fungal laccase is commonly induced by many ions, such as $Cu^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$ $Ca^{2+}$, $Li^+$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Ag^+$, $Hg^{2+}$, Mn and $Fe^{3+}$, phenolic compounds, some organic compounds, such as ethanol, isopropanol, cAMP, caffeine, p-anisidine, viscosinamide and paraquat, and nitrogens and even heat shock. A combination of Cu and pHB (p-hydroxybenzoic acid) made it possible to extend the inducible laccase activities over 30-fold. But the most effective inducer of laccase in the basidiomycete and other higher fungi is 2,5-xylidine, over 160-fold stimulation of laccase activity. The laccases are frequently encoded by gene families, as e.g. in Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, from which the lcc3-1 or the allelic form lac1 and lac3-2 have been cloned and sequenced. In the case of inducible forms the post-inductional laccase formation depends upon the synthesis of mRNA and the induction is due to the synthesis of a new protein.

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