• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.468-472
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• 2004

This paper presents an intelligent iris recognition system which consists of quality check, iris localization, feature extraction, and verification. For the quality check, the local statistics on the pupil boundary is used. Gaussian mixture model is used to segment and localized the iris region. The feature extraction method is based on an optimal waveform simplification. For the verification, we use an intelligent variable threshold.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.88-89
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• 2005

사람의 눈은 카메라와 흡사한 구조와 원리를 가지고 있어서 빛을 직접 받는 경우 조리개가 오므라지게 되어 오히려 피사체를 인식하는 데 어려움을 겪는다. 그 이유는 광원과 피사체 간의 조도(밝기) 차이로 설명할 수 있다. 사람의 동공은 눈으로 들어오는 빛의 밝기에 따라 커지고 작아진다. 따라서 광원이 너무 밝은 경우에는 상대적으로 피사체에서 반사된 빛이 안구로 적게 들어와 피사체가 오히려 어두워 보이는 결과를 초래한다. 대부분의 사람들은 이 같은 사실을 간과한채, 조명은 무조건 밝아야 한다고 믿어 왔으며, 그 결과 우리가 속한 모든 건물들은 직접조명 일색이다. 선진국에서는 이미 조명이 인체에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구가 지속적으로 발전함에 따라 이미 오래전부터 간접조명 방식이 채택됐다. 간접조명의 효과는 영역을 넘어서서 건강한 실내 공간을 조성하는 필수적인 요소로 자리매김하고 있다. 이제 현대인들은 눈에 피로감을 주는 노출형 조명보다는 점차 눈을 편하게 해서 몸과 정신의 피로를 릴렉스 시켜주는 간접조명방식으로 나아가야 할 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.469-482
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• 2018

Purpose : We investigated the change of spherical and comma aberrations after wearing aspheric soft contact lens (ASCL) in young myopes. Methods : Fifty young myopes ($23.15{\pm}1.70years$, spherical equivalent: $-2.90{\pm}1.75D$) were recruited and refractive errors were corrected using ASCL (Biotrue, Bausch+Lomb, USA). High order aberrations were measured in the 4 mm pupil size using the wavefront analyze and pupil sizes were measured with a pupillometer at the modes of scotopic condition (light off) at 3.5 m in the 100 lx illuminance condition. Results : Spherical aberrations and coma aberration of the 20s myopes were $0.026{\pm}0.031{\mu}m$ and $0.078{\pm}0.039{\mu}m$ respectively, and $0.019{\pm}0.026{\mu}m$ and $0.082{\pm}0.038{\mu}m$ after ASCL wear that spherical aberration was decreased and coma aberration was increased. However, spherical aberration was decreased in the 68% of the subject have positive spherical aberration, and increased in the 11% of the subject have negative spherical aberration. Coma aberration was increased in the 53% of the subject, did not change in the 19% of the subjects, and decreased in the 28% of the subject. Spherical aberration was not different with the refractive errors in low and moderate myopies, however, coma aberrations was higher in the higher myopes. Conclusion : In a scotopic condition without accommodation stimuli, spherical aberration is decreased after wearing ASCL, however in the subject have negative spherical aberration spherical aberration could be increased, and which is thought to be the influence of contact lens design and pupil size.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.898-905
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• 2005

Iris recognition Is that identifies a user based on the unique iris muscle patterns which has the functionalities of dilating or contracting pupil region. Because it is reported that iris recognition is more accurate than other biometries such as face, fingerprint, vein and speaker recognition, iris recognition is widely used in the high security application domain. However, if unnecessary information such as eyelid and eyelash is included in iris region, the error for iris recognition is increased, consequently. In detail, if iris region is used to generate iris code including eyelash and eyelid, the iris codes are also changed and the error rate is increased. To overcome such problem, we propose the method of detecting eyelid by using pyramid searching parabolic deformable template. In addition, we detect the eyelash by using the eyelash mask. Experimental results show that EER(Equal Error Rate) for iris recognition using the proposed algorithm is lessened as much as $0.3\%$ compared to that not using it.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.3 no.10
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• pp.429-440
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• 2014

The iris recognition is a biometrics technology to extract and code an unique iris feature from human eye image. Also, it includes the technology to compare with other's various iris stored in the system. On the other hand, eyelashes in iris image are a external factor to affect to recognition rate of iris. If eyelashes are not removed exactly from iris area, there are two false recognitions that recognize eyelashes to iris features or iris features to eyelashes. Eventually, these false recognitions bring out a lot of loss in iris informations. In this paper, in order to solve that problems, we removed eyelashes by gabor filter that using for analysis of frequency feature and improve preservation rate of iris informations. By novel method to extract various features on iris area using angle, frequency, and gaussian parameter on gabor filter that is one of the filters for analysing frequency feature for an image, we could remove accurately eyelashes with various lengths and shapes. As the result, proposed method represents that improve about 4% than previous methods using GMM or histogram analysis in iris preservation rate.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.795-806
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop an intervention program for improvement of elementary science-poor students' Basic Science Process Skill (BSPS) and to validate the intervention program's effectiveness using eye-tracker. The participants of this study were 35 elementary science-poor students. This study's method was the analysis of real-time eye movements during basic science process skill problem solving. SMI's 120 Hz iView XTM RED was used to collect EMD (eye movement data). Experiment 3.4 and BeGaze 3.4 programs were used to design experiment and to analyze EMD. The results of this study are as follows. First, we developed an intervention program including BSPS instructional strategy, behavior of teachers & student according instructional strategy stage, teachinglearning plan and learning note. Second, science poor students' BSPS ability has improved statistically significantly through the application of intervention program and BSPS problem-solving time decreased statistically significantly. Third, AFT (average fixation time) of BSPS Question and keyword area decreased statistically significantly. Fourth, APD (average pupil diameter) of BSPS problem-solving process expanded statistically significantly. Fifth, AST (average saccade time) of BSPS problem-solving process increased statistically significantly. Sixth, AFET (average fixation entry time) of BSPS problem-clue area was accelerated statistically significantly, AFT of BSPS problem-clue area reduced statistically significantly.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose the new eye detection method by using adaboost (adaptive boosting) method. Also, to reduce the false alarm rate which identifies the non-eye region as genuine eye that is the Problems of previous method using conventional adaboost, we proposed the post processing methods which used the cornea specular reflection and determined the optimized ratio of eye detecting box. Based on detected eye region by using adaboost, we performed the double circular edge detector for localizing a pupil and an iris region at the same time. Experimental results showed that the accuracy of eye detection was about 98% and the processing time was less than 1 second in mobile device.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.266-271
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• 2002

The finite schematic eye based on spherical aberration and Stiles-Crawford effect is designed by an optimization method. It consists of four aspherical surfaces. The radius of curvature, thickness, asphericity, and spherical aberration are used as constraints in the optimization process. Stiles-Crawford effect in the pupil is considered as a weighting value for optimum design. The designed schematic eye has effective focal length of 20.8169 mm, back focal length of 15.4820 mm, front focal length of -13.8528 mm, and image distance of 15.7150 mm. When the pupil diameter is 4 mm, the diameter of entrance pupil and exit pupil are 4.6919 mm and 4.2395 mm, respectively. From the data of 75 measured Korean emmetropic eyes, this finite schematic eye is designed first in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.109-123
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• 2017

Due to the positive effect of forest space for child development, the creation and operation of forest activity space of various organizations is increasing in quantity; however, the research on practical space design and management program is insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the space and management programs of the forest experience centers through the post-occupancy evaluation of teachers and preschoolers participating in forest activities. To do this, we analyzed the selected twelve sites through field survey, class observation, and interviews with forest education specialists, and then surveyed 115 forest education experts and childcare teachers for importance, performance, overall satisfaction, and space preference. In addition, we accessed overall satisfaction and space preference of twenty-nine preschoolers through interviews, photo-simulation, and questionnaires. As a result, the importance and performance of management program area was rated higher than the spatial characteristics area. In terms of group comparison, the group with active structured program rated two areas higher than the groups with free play. Preschoolers with structured programs preferred facility space, but preschoolers with free play preferred nature. Two preschooler groups rated forest activity as satisfactory. Based on the analysis results: 1) The composition of the forest activity space should ensure accessibility, safety, diversity of diversity, water space, connect to the forest road, and secure various terrains, trees, and natural materials; 2) The management program should ensure that forest activity programs have the proportional balance of structural programs and free play; also. management programs should plan for sufficient free playtime and a high share of play in the forest; and 3) Ensure the role and expertise of forestry specialists and run a program to increase the autonomy of preschoolers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.162-176
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• 2016

The experience and play activities in forest spaces have played an effective role in children's growth and development, therefore, many studies and projects related to forest activity space have progressed actively. However, the focus of previous research has been merely on the effectiveness of forest activity but little on providing the basis for the spatial design of these types of forest activity spaces. Thus, this study aims to identify the relationship between children's developmental play activity and the physical characteristics of forest activity spaces for evidence-based design. First of all, indicators for Cognitive-Social play(CSP) was selected and forest spaces were categorize into play facility spaces and forest spaces. More detailed environmental characteristics of each space were 'play area' and 'paving materials' for play facilities and 'density of tree and shrub', 'slope', 'paving materials' and 'fixing and type of natural loose parts' for forest space. Through environmental inventory and behavior observation, the types of play behaviors and the occurrence frequency of children aged four to five were collected and analyzed. The results were as follows: 1) In play facility spaces, play behaviors occurred at a high frequency at the facility playground with play facilities and sand area. In terms of CSP, functional-solitary and functional-parallel plays occurred predominantly. 2) In forest spaces, various play behaviors occurred at high frequency in the environment with low density planting and various natural loose parts. For CSP, functional-group and symbolic-group plays occurred at a high frequency. 3) Symbolic-group play appeared to be highly affected by environmental characteristics like tree area of scatter density or less, 10~20 degree slope, and the presence of fixed large stumps. In conclusion, this study provides standards of physical environmental characteristics for forest activity space design through direct observation and analysis of children's play behaviors.