• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2001

Environmental factors such as $NH_3,\;H_2S,\;CO_2$, dust, temperature, and humidity in the animal house are a potential health hazard to humans and animals. Until now, most of measurement methods can only provide periodic results with low accuracy. A data acquisition system which can measure continuously and simultaneously $NH_3,\;H_2S,\;CO_2$, temperature, and humidity was developed and installed in two pig houses. Daily changes of environment for the pig-houses were investigated by the data acquisition system. In order to evaluate NH$_3$sensor, gas samples were obtained and NH$_3$concentrations were measured at nine positions; combinations of three positions(inlet, middle, and outlet) and three heights(0 cm, 40 cm, 150 cm). Ammonia concentration of 14.0 ~37.1 ppm for slurry pig-house is higher than that of 8.4~29.7 ppm for scraper pig-house, and there were no statistical differences among the positions. However, the concentration of $NH_3$at 150 cm was higher than thats of 0 cm and 40 cm.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

Noxious gases with malodorous substance concentrations in each stages of pig buildings were determined at a typical 400sow-scale farm to improve piggery environment. Using IAQ-300 and pDR-1000AN, continuous records for the concentration of $NH_3$, CO, $CO_2$, $NO_2$, $SO_2$, $H_2S$, $O_2$, and along with temperature, humidity, dust concentrates from individual pig pens were collected to analyze every 6 hours' condition of indoor environment for 24 hours' period. In most pig houses, the air quality at noon was good, while at night (00:00~06:00), air composition became noxious in all buildings. The order of buildings' air quality for 24 hrs was pregnant > farrowing > nursery > growing > finishing. The cause of air quality differences was presumed to be the differences of stocking density, defecating amount and the length of exposure time of slurry in indoors. In conclusion, well-designed building structure, proper control of stocking density, quick removal of excreta from pig pens and continuous ventilation are prerequisites to improve pig housing environment.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

This study was carried out to measure the environmental related parameters from two types of swine houses. Indoor temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide level, ammonia concentration and emission were measures every 2 minutes from each house with portable monitoring units. Carbon dioxide concentration balance was used to estimate the ventilation rates of the different houses. Daily ammonia concentrations in the growing-finishing and farrowing houses ranged from 2 to 17 ppm and 6 to 15 ppm respectively. The daily ammonia emission rate from the manure averaged 4.37 g/h$\cdot$500 kg from growing-finishing house and 4.82 g/h$\cdot$500 kg from the farrowing house. The above findings proved that summer season was associated with higher ammonia emission rates due to higher ventilation rate and ambient air temperature.

• The Korea Swine Journal
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• v.23 no.9 s.265
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• pp.160-163
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• 2001

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2005

The farm house structure, ventilation system and manure treatment of two-storey buildings and sawdust pig houses were surveyed and analyzed. Based on the data for ten selected farms in five provinces during eight months, the goal is to eventually establish a standard two-storey pig house. Manure treatments were composting, slurry and activated sludge in two-storey pig houses, while fermentation method was done in sawdust pig house. The depth of sawdust as a litter material were 10 to 60cm, with a duration of 1/2, 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. The ventilation systems were the mechanical type in two-storey pig houses and natural system in the sawdust pig house. Side wall in the two-storey pig house was enclosed with insulation materials such as block, colored metal sheet and sandwich panels. The minimum ceiling height in the first floor of the two-storey pig house was 2.0m and the maximum was 3.0m. On the second floor, ceiling height ranged from 2.0 to 2.7m. The construction cost in the two-storey systems were $700\~140$, and sidewall curtain systems were $30\~40$ thousand Won/pyung.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.91-108
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• 1998

This study was carried out to survey basic information of swine farms on the machine holdings. facility type. management of manure by farm scale and operation, and then to develop the mechanization model. Manual feeding was common for sows and nursing sows. but automation feeding was normally furnished for weaners. growing pigs and castrated male pigs. Water supplies was completely automated for all of the surveyed swine farms. Fully mechanized and automated system would not be feasible and affordable for the small scale farms breeding less than 500 heads. Because the environmental control for the nursing sows and weaner was important, some swine houses were constructed with the windowless type. However, the furnished rates ranged from 22.2% to 44.4% of the surveyed nursing sow and weaner houses at the farm scales. In the future, a computerized ventilation system would be commended for the efficient use of heat energy and to maintain the desirable temperature of swine buildings. Over-investment for large scale farm and over-crowded pigpen of small farm would cause wasting construction expenses and spreading epidermic diseases Hence, the size of swine building should follow the recommended scale. The fermentation drier was recommended for the manure management. Urine could be recycled or discharged after treating by the activated sludge process.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1560-1566
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• 2017

Recently, accumulation of data on pig farm is enabled through the wide spread of smart pig farm equipped with Internet-of-Things based sensors, and various machine learning algorithms are applied on the data in order to improve the productivity of pig farm. Herein, multiple machine learning schemes are used to predict the water usage in pig farm which is known to be one of the most important element in pig farm management. Especially, regression algorithms, which are linear regression, regression tree and AdaBoost regression, and classification algorithms which are logistic classification, decision tree and support vector machine, are applied to derive a prediction scheme which forecast the water usage based on the temperature and humidity of pig farm. Through performance evaluation, we find that the water usage can be predicted with high accuracy. The proposed scheme can be used to detect the malfunction of water system which prevents the death of pigs and reduces the loss of pig farm.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2009

In this research pig house facilities what are 3,029 houses hold over 1000 heads were surveyed by scale and province. Full-time farms hold over 1000 heads breed total 7,229,892 heads. And farms breed 2,386.9 heads averagely. Pig houses were constructed august 1995 averagely. Each of houses have $3,017.2\;m^2$ scale. The construction type of pig house was winch-curtain type 77.2% which was most popular, confined type 51.3%, litter type 7.4% and loft type 4.6%. The winch-curtain type was popular than windowless type in pig farms which have 1,000-1,999 heads. But pig house construction type which have more than over 10,000 heads was windowless type more than winch-curtain type. Manure removing type was slurry 72.3% and scraper 38.5% in farms which have 1,000-1,999 heads. Manure removing type was slurry 83.3% in farms which have over 10,000 heads. Proportion of roof type of pig house was slate 51.2%, panel 46.1%. But in middle or small farms, slate type was only 25.0%. Proportion of wall type of pig house was 41.9%, block 21.9%, concrete 7.6%, winch-curtain 6.3%, and bnck 5.9%. Ventilation type of pig house was natural winch 46.1%, mechanical windowless 69.8% and mixed type 53.1%. So, mechanical windowless type was popular than natural winch type. Especially the farm scale is bigger the mechanical widowless type was more. Utilization period of pig house was 8.1 years about automatic feeder, 8.3 years about waterer, 8.2 years about electric facilities and 9.0 years about floor material. Thus, almost of facilities were used at least 8 years.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2010

The principal objective of this study was to investigate the cooling effects of geothermal heat pump system (GHPS) in farrowing house. A total of 96 sows were allocated to 2 pig housings (GHPS and conventional housing) with 48 for four weeks in summer season. During the experimental period of four weeks, the highest outside temperature observed was approximately $34.1^{\circ}C$, GHPS decrease indoor temperature of pig housing up to $30.9^{\circ}C$, but conventional pig housing was similar to outside temperature. Dust concentrations (maximum 61.4%) of particulate matter less than $10{\mu}m$ (PM 10) in GHPS-housing were lower than the conventional housing. GHPS showed no signigicant difference in carbon dioxide emission, whereas the ammonia gas concentration was significantly decreased in GHPS-housing compared to that of conventional housing. Sows in GHPS-housing showed significantly lower respiratory rate than those of the control group. GHPS did not affect hormone level, litter size and birth weight, but weaning weight of piglets was influenced by GHPS. Feed consumption of sows was significantly increased in GHPS-housing compared to the conventional hosing. These results suggest that GHPS decrease dust concentration, ammonia gas emission and indoor temperature of pig housing and may affect performance in sows and weaned piglets.

• Environmental engineer
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• s.153
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• pp.30-35
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• 1999

본 실험은 준혐기-호기(A/O, anoxic/oxic)순환공정으로서 시간별 주기변화를 통해 영양염류의 제거특성을 비교 검토하였고 이를 토대로 돈사폐수를 고도 처리 할 때 최적 운전주기와 설계인자를 도출하였다. 아울러 돈사폐수의 질소 제거특성을 분석하는 과정에서 폐수의 특성상 질산화 발생이 저해되는 현상을 관찰하였다. 따라서 이것을 규명하기 위해 질산화에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 중심으로 고찰하였다.