• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.168-176
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• 2020

The introduction of the Korea toxics use reduction (TUR) program to build a clean society is generally evaluated based on social economic criteria. Among various techniques, benefit-cost analysis is the most commonly used. This method is focused on the calculation and comparison of all the benefits and costs attributable to the TUR program. However, since it is reasonable to consider not only economic criteria but also policy criteria in the process of evaluation, it is necessary to reflect on the criteria weights found in the benefits and costs. This study aims at developing a new evaluation technique to achieve this purpose and apply it to the Korean TUR program to be implemented in 2020. This study selected competitiveness, toxic substances' emission reduction ratio, and health improvement as policy criteria. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was initially used to calculate the weight and then, based on the results, the concept of information entropy introduced by Claude Shannon was used to eliminate subjective bias. As a result of the study, it was found that the revised benefit-cost analysis considering the weights of the policy criteria, as well as the existing economic criteria, could be a reasonable alternative in evaluating the feasibility of TUR regulations for highly toxic substances.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.88-95
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• 2017

The usage of toxic gas in Korea is increasing in the development of high-tech industries such as semiconductors, displays and solar panels. The recent survey of domestic toxic gas consumption indicates an increase in annual average of 12.4 percent, but it is still focused on usage, and it is negligent in safety and treating the post. In September 2012, an accident occurred in Gu-mi involving hydrofluoric acid leak demonstrates the absence of safety management. Due to the incident, the government, industry and academia have been interested in chemical substances(toxic gas), and the government-led safety management has been established and implemented, but there are still a lot of safety blind spots. The purpose of this study is to develop effective measurement methods for the destruction or removal efficiency of gaseous materials emitted from the Scrubber used in the semiconductor and display industries. Also, this study demonstrated how toxic gas facilities can be applied without error by verification test for the measurement method guideline of the destruction or removal efficiency of the green-house gas reduction facility in the semiconductor and display industries used by the National Institute of Environmental Research and the UNFCCC, and suggested the differentiated measurement methods for toxic gas reduction facilities, and the third party certification for safety facilities is needed to prevent toxic gas accidents.

• Environmental engineer
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• no.6 s.262
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• pp.14-21
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• 2008

환경부는 최근 사용 및 배출이 급속히 증가하고 있는 수질유해물질의 독성을 통합적으로 관리하고 미지의 독성물질로 인한 수생태계 위해성 저감을 위해 생태독성 배출관리제도를 도입했다. 이에 따라 2011년부터 산업폐수 배출시설 82개 종류중 석유정제품 제조시설 등 35개 종류의 시설과 폐수종말처리시설에는 생태독성 배출허용기준이 적용되며, 관할 행정기관에서는 각 배출시설에 대해 생태독성 배출허용기준 준수여부를 정기적으로 점검하도록 하고 있다. 이에 본지는 환경부 산업수질관리과의 도움으로 새로운 제도를 게재한다.(편집자주)

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.654-661
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• 2017

Recently, a low-impact development (LID) technic such as a wetland has been proposed as a Nature-friendly process for reducing pollutants caused by livestock wastewater. Therefore, the Daphnia magna toxicity was analyzed for livestock wastewater samples, to determine if a wetland system would also be effective in reducing this ecotoxicity. In the present study, acute D. magna toxicity was not significantly dependent on the presence and type of reed, nor type of media. However, when treated with construction wetlands, ecotoxicities decreased as well as TN, TP and COD concentrations. Therefore, it is considered that a construction wetland system with bio reeds and bio-media as well as general reeds would be effective to reduce the ecotoxicity of livestock wastewater. To apply a wetland system as the subsequent treatment process to a livestock waste water treatment facility, it is necessary to perform an integrated evaluation such as treatment efficiency and the ecotoxicity test for various characteristics of livestock wastewater.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.411-416
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the reduction of toxicity and improvement of anticancer activities from R. sachalinensis by ultra high pressure extracts process. The cytotoxicity on human kidney cell (HEK293) and human lung cell (HEL299) was showed below 20.4% and 21.6% as compare to normal extracts in adding 1.0 $mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. This showed that toxic materials through ultra high pressure processing is broken or degraded. Because bond such as hydrogen bond, electrostatic bond, Van der waals bond, the hydrophobic bond, can be broken by high pressure. The anticancer activity was also increased in over 7% by high pressure processing in A549, AGS, MCF-7 and Hep3B cells. The result showed that extraction by high pressure have low cytotoxicity and high anticancer activity. So, the high pressure extraction technology can play an important role in eruption of new material with high biological activity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

In this study, we performed risk assessment of chloroprene by hazard evaluation and workplace investigation. The chemical is used to manufacture of shoes, tires, adhesives, and classified as IARC category 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) and target organ systemic toxicity. It is used about 1,300 tons per year in 27 sites. It was calculated the risk of carcinogenesis with chloroprene by Monte-carlo simulation that the averages are 2,199 and 26,404 in each case of working less than 15 minutes per day with local exhaust ventilation and over 4 hours per day without local exhaust ventilation. The risk of target organ systemic toxicity are 4.10 and 169.06 with high correlation with working time to be longer and with ventilation system. Therefore, it is recommended that the local exhaust ventilation and respirators to prevent occupational cancer and target organ systemic toxicity with chloroprene. Especially it is determined that there is a need to strengthen the workplace exposure limit (TWA 10 ppm) in Korea since it is managed with TWA less than 5 ppm ($18mg/m^3$) by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as well as it has carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 1996.12a
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• pp.75-75
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• 1996

최근 가장 관심이 집중되고 있는 음용수중의 미량오염물질로는 인위적으로 첨가되는 소독제(disi octant)로 인한 소독부산물(disinfection by-products: DBPs)을 들 수 있다. 1970년대부터 염소소독시 수중의 유기오염물길과 반응하여 발암성물질 과 돌연변이 물질이 다수 함유되어 있는 클로로포름(chloform)을 포함한 트리할로메탄(Trih리omethane: THMs)의 생성이 발견되었으며 이로 인한 건강상의 영향이 지속적으로 보고되고 있다. 염소소독시 780가지 이상의 화합물이 염소와 휴믹산(humic acids)과의 반응에 의해 생성되며, 이중 대부분이 할로겐 화합물로 알려져 있다. 염소 소독부산물로는 인체발암력을 지니고 있는 트리할로메탄(THMs) 이외에도 할로아세틱산(Haloaceticacids: HAAs), 할로아세토나이트릴(Haloacetbnitriles: HANs)등이 주 생성물질인 것으로 알려져 있으나 우러나라의 원수특성에 따른 소독부산물의 생성능 (Formation potential)에 대한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 주요 4대강(한강, 대청호, 영산강, 낙동강)의 원수를 실험실내에서 염소처리하여 생성되는 소독부산물의 생성농과 pH, 체류시간 등의 조건에 따라 생성능을 조사하였다. 각 화합물은 추출 및 농축과정을 거친 후 GC/MSD를 사용하여 물질을 확인한 후 할로겐화합물에 민감한 GC/ECD를 사용하여 시료를 분석하였다. pH와 시간, 원수중의 유기물 함량이 소독부산물의 생성에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. THMs은 알칼리에서, HAAs의 경우는 약산성에서 접촉시간이 증가할수록 높은 생성능을 보였고, HANs의 경우는 급속히 생성했다가 시간이 경과함에 따라 소멸하며 약산성에서 높은 생성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다, 강별로는 낙동강에서 THMs파 HANs의 생성능이 비교적 높았고, 영산강에서는 HAAs의 생성능이 높았다. 각 원수의 특성에 따른 생성능을 파악함으로써 생성능 저감방안을 마련하며, 소독 부산물질의 인체노출평가에 따른 위해성평가를 통해 관리기준을 설정해야 할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.77-78
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• 2003

2001년 5월 스톡홀름에서는 92개국이 DDT, 다이옥신 등 12개 잔류성 유기오염물질 (POPs, persistent organic pollutants)의 궁극적 소멸을 목표로, 배출 및 사용 저감을 위하여 유엔협약인 이른바 스톡홀름협약에 서명하였다. 이는 유럽에서 UNECE (United Nations Economic Commissions for Europe) 장거리 이동 대기오염 협약의 일환으로 1998년 6월 덴마크 오후스에서 체결된 POPs에 관한 의정서에 뒤이은 결과이다 1998년 6월 오후스에서는 POPs와 함께 수은, 카드뮴, 납 등 3개 중금속에 관한 의정서가 체결되어 중금속에 관한 향후 국제사회의 동향을 짐작케 하고 있다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.354-361
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• 2021

Understanding the phytotoxic mechanism of methyl bromide (MB), an essential fumigant during the quarantine and pre-shipment process, is urgently needed to ensure its proper use and reduce international economic losses. In a previous study, two main MB-induced toxic mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and auxin distribution were selected by analyzing transcriptomic analysis. In the study, a 3-week-old A. thaliana was supplied with 1 mM ROS scavengers [N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or L-glutathione (GSH)] and 1µM indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) three times every 12 h, and visual and gene expression assessments were performed to evaluate the reduction in phytotoxicity by supplements. Phytotoxic effects on the MB-4h exposed group were decreased with GSH application compared to the other single supplements and a combination of supplements at 7 days post fumigation. Among these supplements, GSH at a concentration of 1, 2, and 5mM was suppled to A. thaliana with MB-fumigation. During a long-term observation of 2 weeks after the fumigation, 5 mM GSH application was the most effective in minimizing MB-induced phytotoxic effects with up-regulation of HSP70 expression and increase in main stem length. These results indicated that ROS was a main key factor of MB-induced phytotoxicity and that GSH can be used as a supplement to reduce the phytotoxicity of MB.

• Journal of Korea Ship Safrty Technology Authority
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• s.34
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• pp.18-32
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• 2013

최근 선저 부착 생물에 관한 문제가 환경오염으로 확대되고 그에 따른 여러 가지의 선체 방오 방법 중 특히 주석(Sn)의 화합물질의 화학반응으로 따개비 등의 오염 요소를 방지하는 기존 방법이 수은, 구리 등의 유독성 화합물에 의해 임포섹스 유발과 그에 따른 2차 오염 확산의 요인이 되어 2012년 7월부터는 유기주석화합물(TBT) 도료를 사용한 신규 선박은 규제되는 등 그 심각성이 대두하고 있다. TBT는 매우 미량의 농도에서도 다양한 생물학적 저해영향을 일으키는 것이 알려져 이를 대체하기 위한 여러 화학물질이 개발됐다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 추세에 따라서, 유독성 화합물의 독성을 벗어나 저 전류의 고주파 고전압 펄스 에너지를 이용한 새로운 환경조성을 통해서 부착성 패류의 선저 부착에 대한 특성을 연구하였으며, 특히 환경오염 및 해양오염에 영향이 적은 방오시스템을 개발하고자 하였다. 또한 본 연구에서 적용된 고전압 펄스 시스템을 이용하여 선체의 부식정도를 저감 가능한 시스템을 구현을 위한 기초 실험과 현재 이슈화 되고 있는 선박평형수의 살균장치에 적용하는 파생연구들을 통하여 해양오염방지 요소들을 겨냥하여 후속연구를 위한 토대를 마련하고자 하였다.