• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2013

This study addressed status of PP(Program Provider) market, particularly focusing on independent PP. This research selected 14 independent channels and did in depth interviews for them. This study analyzed 14 channels in terms of management, production, and contents. The result showed that independent channels were in inferior condition than MPP(multiple PP) on all the aspects of management, production and content. The management structure of the PP were very vulnerable, production environment was not good. The PP were placed in a difficult environment in terms of production and purchases of content, therefore focused on distribution rather than production. This unbalance on the PP market resulted in negative effect on Korea's contents industry as well as PP industry. Therefore, this study suggested policy and regulatory reforms are needed to improve inferior status of independent PP.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.2735-2742
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to assess the association of vitamin D and pulse pressure in Korean adults. The data for analysis were obtained from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010. PP showed a significant positive correlation with Age(p<0.01), TG(p<0.01), TC(p<0.01), FBS (p<0.01), BMI(p<0.01) and Waist measurement(p<0.01). PP showed a significant negative correlation with HDL-C(p<0.01), Height(p<0.01), Weight(p<0.01) and 25(OH)D(p<0.01). When a multiple linear regression analysis was performed, PP was considered as the dependent variable, Age, Height, Weight, Waist measurement, BMI, TC, TG, HDL-C, FBS and 25(OH)D as independent parameters, PP maintained a significant association only with Age(p<0.001), Waist measurement(p<0.001), FBS(p<0.001), 25(OH)D(p<0.001), TC(p<0.001), Weight(p<0.001), HDL-C(p<0.001). In conclusion, Our results suggest that vitamin D decrease may contribute to higher PP. To maintain standard level of vitamin D may be expected that decrease in incidence of coronary arterial disease.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.66-73
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• 2007

W3C는 2006년부터 유비쿼터스 웹 도메인을 신설하고, 웹 애플리케이션을 다양한 기기가 자신에 적합하게 이용할 수 있도록 하는 표준화의 일환으로 기기독립 활동을 시작하였으며, 현재는 유비쿼터스 웹 애플리케이션 활동으로 신설되어 데스크톱 컴퓨터뿐만 아니라 사무자동화기기, 가정용 전자기기, 이동 전화, RFID와 바코드를 포함하는 센서와 이팩터(effector) 등의 다양한 유비쿼터스 기기에서 분산된 웹 애플리케이션의 개발을 단순화하는 표준 개발 작업을 착수하였다. 본 논문에서는 W3C의 DIAL, DISelect, DCCI, CC/PP, SCXML, EMMA를 중심으로 유비쿼터스 웹 표준화 동향을 살펴본다.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2010

Purpose: This investigation was designed to evaluate the condyle position and the symmetry of the both condyle heads at the maximum intercuspal position on the sagittal CT image of the temporomandibular joint. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam CT was used to assess 400 joints in 100 symptom and 100 symtom-free subject(100 male, 100 female). Three independent observers(dentists) determined the positions classified with Anterior Position(AP), Middle Position(MP), and Posterior Position(PP), and the symmetry of the both condyle. Results: According to gender, the mean percentages of AP, MP, and PP were 48.5, 28.5, and 23 in male group, and 34, 38, and 28 in female group. The symmetry of condylar heads was more common than asymmetry in the both of groups. In the respect of symptom or symptom-free, the mean percentages of AP, MP, and PP were 44.5, 34, and 21.5 in the symptom-free group, and 37, 33.5, and 29.5 in the symptom group. The symmetry of condylar heads was more common in the symptom-free group, but the asymmetry of condylar heads was more common in the symptom group. Conclusions: These data might serve as useful criteria for the clinical assessment of condyle position at the maximum intercuspal position optained by Cone-beam CT.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the difference in cardiovascular changes between obese people and the general public using a treadmill. This study was conducted by recruiting 32 adult males who had no experience in hospital visits or treatment due to cardiovascular disease. The subjects were divided into an obese group and a general group based on BMI 25 and performed treadmill exercise for 12 minutes. SBP, DBP, HR, MAP, and PP before and after the treadmill were measured to see the difference in cardiovascular system changes. Data analysis was evaluated using an independent t-test. In the case of SBP, MAP, and PP, there were significant differences between groups (P<0.05). For DBP and HR, no significant difference was found between the two groups (P>0.05). The subjects of this study consisted only of healthy adult males in their 20s, and there is a limitation in that it was performed in a short time.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.101-137
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• 2010

This paper defines markets relating to each paid broadcasting service by applying the test method of critical sales loss to the results of survey to the paid service subscribers. The result confirms the existence of a meaningful competitive relationship--in terms of the Competition Law--among all paid broadcasting services included in this study, or at least analog cable broadcasting, digital cable broadcasting, and real time IPTV(Internet Protocol TV) service. This indicates that current regulations which are being applied to cable TV, satellite broadcasting, and IPTV are actually discriminatory. Based on these analysis results, this paper suggests that the main attention for the improvement of regulations should be focused on regulations which are differently applied to different paid service providers. In particular, Article 20 in the Internet Multimedia Broadcasting Law is interpreted as defining the real-time IPTV as an independent market, thereby having leeway to harm fair competition among different paid service providers. Therefore, that article needs to change to give the right of equal access to contents to all the competing paid service providers. Furthermore, to put teeth in the contents equal access rule, most popular pay channels need to be designated as target contents of the rule. As for the market-share limitation regulations, the paper suggests that an upper limit on the market share should be set based on the total number of subscribers of all the competing paid services and the same limit applied to all the competing paid service providers.

• KLA journal
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• v.33 no.3 s.274
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• pp.13-28
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• 1992

이 논문은 Minnesota대학 Paul Campus 도서관 부관장인 존슨(P. Johnson)이 Journal of Academic Libraianship, Vol. 16, No. 4(Sept, 1990), pp.222-229에 게재한 "Matrix Management: An Organizational Alternative for Libraries"을 완역한 것으로, 도서관의 전통적인 조직구조에 대한 대안을 모색하는데 참고할 수 있는 이론적 논문으로 사료됨. 도서관조직구조가 점점 복잡해 짐에 따라 다양한 방안들을 모색하여 왔다. 이 논문은 전통적 계층구조에 대한 대안으로서의 매트릭스구조의 효용에 관하여 논의 한 것이다. 매트릭스관리가 매우 성공적으로 이루어질 경우에는 사서들에게 유연성을 증대시키기 위한 신전략과 고도의 전문적 독립성, 그리고 보다 균형된 의사결정과정을 제공해 준다. 제2차 세계대전까지만 해도 도서관을 포함한 대다수 기관의 조직구조는 몇 가지로 나눌 수 있었다. 비록 이들 조직구조가 바뀌게 되었다 하더라도 그것은 의도적인 계획하에서 진전된 것이 아니라 안정적이고 예측가능한 환경에 매우 적합하도록 자연스럽게 이루어진 것이다. 다만 최근 여러 해 동안 급격한 환경변화로 인하여 보다 새로운 조직구조가 발전하게 되었는데, 이는 자연진화적인 조직변화라기 보다는 오히려 특정적 요구를 충족시키기 위한 자의적인 계획의 결과라고 하겠다. 이와 같은 급격한 변화에 대처하도록 특별히 계획된 매우 혁신적인 조직구조중의 하나가 조직매트릭스이다. 이 논문은 대학도서관에 있어서 조직구조, 조직대안으로서의 매트릭스구조, 매트릭스경영관리의 효용 등 세 가지의 문제에 대하여 고찰하고자 한다.<역자주>

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2021

In this study, the correlation between cement quality(chemical composition, mineral composition, and compressive strength) and amount of waste alternative fuels used in the cement manufacturing process and was investigated. Cement manufacturing facility using coal, soft plastics(plastics that are easily scattered by wind power, such as vinyls), hard plastics(plastics that do not contain foreign substances, waste rubber, PP, etc.) and reclaimed oil was analised. Data was collected for 3 years from 2017 to 2019 and let the amount of fuels used as an independent variable and cement quality data as a dependent variable. As a result, depending on the type and quality of the alternative fuel has not a significant effect on the chemical composition(Cl and LSF) and mineral composition(f-CaO, C3S contents). Contrary to the concern that the compressive strength of cement would decrease, there was a significant positive correlation between amount of alternative fuel used and cement compressive strength.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.96-100
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• 1998

Two promoters (trc and P$\rho$) were inserted in PHA operon derived from Alcaligenes eutrophus to obtain high chain molecules of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in recombinant Escherichia coli. Newly designed PHA operon was used to control the gene expressions of hydroxybutyric CoA and PHA polymerization, separately. Plasmids containing new synthetic operon was transformed into E. coli DH5$\alpha$ and analyzed for PHB production. Without induction of the PHA biosynthetic operon, PHA synthase which has low activity might supply low concentration of initiator during the polymerization reaction, resulting very high molecular weight of polymer. An increase of PHB average molecular weight was observed with decreased IPTG (isopropyl $\beta$ -Dithiogalactosidase) concentration. When no IPTG was added to the culture of E. coli DH5$\alpha$ /$\rho$ SJS1 which contained two promoters in PHA operon, high chain polymer having an average molecular weight of $2.5{\times}10^7$ was achieved. Analysis of the enzyme activities of PHA biosynthetic enzymes suggests that PHA synthase, the enzyme responsible for polymerizing 3-hydroxybutyric CoA, controls the molecular weight of PHB produced in vivo.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.189-196
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• 2010

It is never an easy task to physically randomize the sequence of cards. For instance, US 1970 draft lottery resulted in a social turmoil since the outcome sequence of 366 birthday numbers showed a significant relationship with the input order (Wikipedia, "Draft Lottery 1969", Retrieved 2009/05/01). We are motivated by Laplace's 1825 book titled Philosophical Essay on Probabilities that says "Suppose that the numbers 1, 2, ..., 100 are placed, according to their natural ordering, in an urn, and suppose further that, after having shaken the urn, to shuffle the numbers, one draws one number. It is clear that if the shuffling has been properly done, each number will have the same chance of being drawn. But if we fear that there are small differences between them depending on the order in which the numbers were put into the urn, we can decrease these differences considerably by placing these numbers in a second urn in the order in which they are drawn from the first urn, and then shaking the second urn to shuffle the numbers. These differences, already imperceptible in the second urn, would be diminished more and more by using a third urn, a fourth urn, &c." (translated by Andrew 1. Dale, 1995, Springer. pp. 35-36). Laplace foresaw what would happen to us in 150 years later, and, even more, suggested the possible tool to handle the problem. But he did omit the detailed arguments for the solution. Thus we would like to write the supplement in modern terms for Laplace in this research note. We formulate the problem with a lottery box model, to which Markov chain theory can be applied. By applying Markov chains repeatedly, one expects the uniform distribution on k states as stationary distribution. Additionally, we show that the probability of even-number of successes in binomial distribution with trials and the success probability $\theta$ approaches to 0.5, as n increases to infinity. Our theory is illustrated to the cases of truncated geometric distribution and the US 1970 draft lottery.