• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.563-573
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• 2020

This study aimed to provide basic data to assist in developing programs to improve the quality of life after identifying the factors affecting aging anxiety among middle-aged women. The subjects were 256 middle-aged women in Korea. Data were collected from March 8 to April 11, 2019, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0. This study found that the aging anxiety of the subjects differed significantly according to job and marriage satisfaction. Aging anxiety had a negative correlation with health perceived health (r=-.300, p<.001), resilience (r=-.537, p<.001), satisfaction of married life (r=-.316, p<.001), and self-esteem (r=-.424, p<.000). The factors affecting aging anxiety were as follows: resilience (β=-.47, p<.001), occupation (β=-.19, p=.003), and self-esteem (β=-.19, p=.014) with 36.9% explanatory power (F=14.34, p<.001). To reduce the aging anxiety of middle-aged people, programs will be needed to improve participation in post-middle-aged jobs or social activities and resilience, self-esteem, thereby providing education and mediation that can allow middle-aged women to accept aging positively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.153-165
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to propose effective scenarios for green areas in apartment complexes that can improve the connection between green spaces considering wind flow, thermal comfort, and mitigation of the urban heat island effect. The study site was an apartment complex in Godeok-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea. The site selection was based on comparing temperatures and discomfort index data collected from June to August 2020. Initially, the thermal and wind environment of the current site was analyzed. Based on the findings, three scenarios were proposed, taking into account both green patches and corridor elements: Scenario 1 (green patch), Scenario 2 (green corridor), and Scenario 3 (green patch & corridor). Subsequently, each scenario's wind speed, wind flow, and thermal comfort were analyzed using ENVI-met to compare their effectiveness in mitigating the urban heat island effect. The study results demonstrated that green patches contributed to increased wind speed and improved wind flow, leading to a reduction of 31..20% in the predicted mean vote (PMV) and 68.59% in the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PET). On the other hand, green corridors facilitated the connection of wind paths and further increased wind speed compared to green patches. They proved to be more effective than green patches in mitigating the urban heat island, resulting in a reduction of 92.47% in PMV and 90.14% in PET. The combination of green patches and green corridors demonstrated the greatest increase in wind speed and strong connectivity within the apartment complex, resulting in a reduction of 95.75% in PMV and 95.35% in PET. However, patches in narrow areas were found to be more effective in improving thermal comfort than green corridors. Therefore, to effectively mitigate the urban heat island effect, enhancing green areas by incorporating green corridors in conjunction with green patches is recommended. This study can serve as fundamental data for planning green areas to mitigate future urban heat island effects in apartment complexes. Additionally, it can be considered a method to improve urban resilience in response to the challenges posed by the urban heat island effect.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.76-87
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of and to derive future maintenance-management measures of the constructed alternative habitat for the Kaloula borealis at the University of Seoul, examining the period between 2015-2017. The research was constructed in 2014 and in a $191m^2$ area. The performance evaluation was divided into maintaining the habitat of the target species, maintaining the population and reproduction rates of the target species, maintaining the habitat of the wild species, the resilience of natural ecosystems, and the harmony with the surrounding environment. In terms of maintaining the habitat of the target species, soil collected from the existing habitat of the Kaloula borealis and was the depth was increased to 30cm in the alternative habitat. An artificial water supply was required every year during the supporting the spawning and hatching of other amphibians along with the Kaloula borealis. The sources of water of the alternative habitat were both rain and tap water, as it cannot be maintained naturally. Additionally, the Kaloula borealis thrived because it inhabited the research site and the average temperature was $26.2^{\circ}C$ from April-June, which is when the Kaloula borealis spawns. In terms of maintaining the population and reproduction rates of the Kaloula borealis, they were evaluated to have stable rates of reproduction. In terms of maintaining the habitat of the wild species, studies on vegetation and the structure of the characteristics of prey or predators will be needed. Also, alien species, such as Humulus japonicus and Bidens frondosa needed to be removed to maintain the wetland ecosystem of the wild species. In the assessment of the resilience of the natural ecosystems, the mud was monitored, noting the changes in the depth of water, with steps taken to reduce the leakage of water. The mud collected from the Haneul Pond wetland, which is located around the research site was piled up. Also, partial mowing management and the inducement of a natural vegetation colony was required for vegetation management. It was also necessary to create porous spaces, such as old trees and tree branches to create a habitat with hiding places and feeding and spawning places for small organisms. In terms of the harmony with the surrounding environment, the following threat factors needed to be managed: amphibian roadkill by vehicles and pedestrians and artificial draining due to nearby user access. Based on the monitoring results, alternative habitat management measures presented the promoting various waterside structures, in which amphibians can spawn and hide in, managing the water environment consistently, managing the vegetation, focused on the habitat of the wild species, and managing the surrounding environment for the habitat. The creation of an alternative habitat should be managed through monitoring, reflecting the characteristics of the changes in the site. Also continuing efforts are also needed to improve the habitat of the target species.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 1994

1970년 이후 우리나라는 산업화로 인하여 사회구조와 가정구조가 크게 변화 되었다. 도시집중화로 인한 각종 공해 발생, 교통난, 인구이동의 문제를 비롯하여 그리고 핵가족화로 인한 가부장적 권위상실 및 가정교육부재, 청소년 비행등 수 많은 문제가 야기되었다. 특히 핵가족화로 발생된 심각한 사회문제는 전통윤리의 붕괴와 가정교육의 부재현상을 발생 시켰다. 이와같은 문제발생에 관한 선행연구를 종합해보면 첫째, 핵가족화로 인해 발생한 가족규모의 축소현상으로 자녀들의 다면적 인격형성에 결손을 초래하여 성장후 독립심과 의지가 약하고 고집이 세며 이기적이고 자기중심적인 성향이 되어 사회생활에 부적응 현상을 초래하게 되었다고 한다. 그 이유는 다면적 인간관계의 결여로 상호 협조하고 사랑을 교환한 경험 부족과 외동자녀에 대한 부모의 관심이 자녀의 욕구에만 집중되어 자녀종속적인 태도가 크게 적용하였기 때문이다. 둘째는 산업화 사회에서의 부부동시 사회참여가 자녀양육에 어머니와의 애착형성이 결여되어 모성실조를 겪게 된 문제를 들 수 있다. 어머니와 자녀간의 애착형성이 결여 됨으로 발생되는 문제는 지적 정체현상과 정서발달의 장애가 주 원인이 되어 감정 통제력이 약해서 공격적 행동이나 반 사회적 행동으로 확대되어 청소년문제 발생의 원이 되고 있음을 시사하고있다. 세째로 산업화사회와 경쟁력 조장을 들 수 있다. 산업사회를 개방사회, 경재력사회 혹은 능력사회라하여 고학력위주의 선발형태가 입시경쟁을 부추기고 있으며 그에 따라 많은 청소년들과 학부모들이 상위 지향적인 심리가 작용하여 자녀들의 입시경쟁에만 집중하게 되었다. 이러한 원인으로 인하여 인간교육 즉 가정교육을 외면하여 반도덕적, 반사회적 문제를 야기하게 하였다. 특히 전통적 가정윤리가 붕괴되어 부모에 대한 효관의 약화, 부부간의 애정약화 및 물질지향적인 사고가 이혼률을 증가시켜 가정붕괴를 가져왔다. 이상에서 논의된 자녀교육의 부재가 자녀들의 지적 정서적 문제로 확대되어 산업화사회의 모순점을 노출시키고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이와같은 문제를 해결하기 위한 대안으로 연구자가 제시하는 방안은 훌륭한 가정교육을 위해서 우선되어야 하는것은 부모자신의 인격적 개인완성을 제안하였다. 인격의 완성은 양심과 행동이 일체하는 사람을 지칭한다. 다음은 서로 위하여 사는 삶을 영위하는 인격체가 되어 양심의 법에 따르는 삶, 타인을 위하여 사는 삶을 자녀들에게 보여줌으로서 반두라의 모델링 교육을 제안하였다. 마지막으로 오늘날과 같은 암기위주의 경쟁교육이 아니라 타고난 잠재성 개발에 주력하는 교육으로, 적성과 소질을 개발하는 창조적 산 교육장을 마련하여 주고 또한 그것을 뒷바침하는 가정윤리교육의 회복이 무엇보다도 이 시대가 절실히 요구하는 바람직한 교육이라 하겠다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Recently, the reenaction of place's memories that were considered sense of place based on its historical and structural characteristic were assumed important topics for recovering and making the park from industrial sites, such as factory, industrial complex, industrial city, labor residential development, landfill, etc., to the public all over the world. This research aimed to conduct some preliminary data for making the park's sense of place highly. So, after conducting the structural forms of sense of place for Seoul Forest and Seonyudo Park that were designed and built by considering its place memories actively, park planning and design implications that were considered its sense of place were suggested. The research results those were derived from the structural forms of sense of place for Seoul Forest and Seonyudo Park's are the following. First, the Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) on Seoul Forest and Seonyudo Park were determined that the natural-physical, artificial-physical, and experiential environmental factors' satisfaction of Seoul Forest and Seonyudo Park have an effect on forming the Sense of Place. In addition, the sense of place was affected by the willingness to visit. Second, according to its physical environment, the experiential factors, such as plays, exercises and etc., were more important relatively. Therefore, experiential factors should be considered significantly with physical factors to make the sense of place highly. Third, even the places were under similar category, the factors' and valuables' relative importance were changed. As the results of structural equation modeling said, specific valuables' related with each factors would be differentiated due to the places' characteristics. For example, the results were showed that natural-physical factor was more important than artificial-physical factor in Seoul Forest. On the other hand, artificial-physical factor was more important than the natural- physical factor. This research carries some significance for applying a quantitative research method(structural equation modeling) to various place to conduct the sense of place's structural model, for suggesting relative specific methods to make the sense of place, and for being a step forward to substance of sense of place. If further studies conduct focusing on various places to draw the forming models of sense of place that were based this research's analysis methods and results, those researches would contribute to make the urban place meaningful, characteristically and affectionately. Furthermore, those researches would contribute in making a humane and competitiveness city.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.353-365
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• 2023

The effects of climate change on green infrastructure and environmental media remain uncertain and context-specific despite numerous climate projections globally. In this study, the extreme weather conditions in seven major cities in South Korea were characterized through statistical analysis of 20-year daily meteorological data extracted fro m the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Additionally, the impacts of extreme weather on Nature-based Solutions (NbS) were determined through a comprehensive review. The results of the statistical analysis and comprehensive review revealed the studied cities are potentially vulnerable to varying extreme weather conditions, depending on geographic location, surface imperviousness, and local weather patterns. Temperature extremes were seen as potential threats to the resilience of NbS in Seoul, as both the highest maximum and lowest minimum temperatures were observed in the mentioned city. Moreover, extreme values for precipitation and maximum wind speed were observed in cities from the southern part of South Korea, particularly Busan, Ulsan, and Jeju. It was also found that extremely low temperatures induce the most impact on the resilience of NbS and environmental media. Extremely cold conditions were identified to reduce the pollutant removal efficiency of biochar, sand, gravel, and woodchip, as well as the nutrient uptake capabilities of constructed wetlands (CWs). In response to the negative impacts of extreme weather on the effectiveness of NbS, several adaptation strategies, such as the addition of shading and insulation systems, were also identified in this study. The results of this study are seen as beneficial to improving the resilience of NbS in South Korea and other locations with similar climate characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.54
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• pp.177-201
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• 2003

Gambling is prevailing in our society and the family problems of gamblers are also serious. In order to reduce the problems of gamblers and their families, the basic research on gambling would be the first step. In light of this, this study is a survey which has two objectives: to grasp the overall conditions of gambling and the proportion of pathological gamblers; to find the differences between the pathological gamblers' group and the general group in terms of various aspects of family relations in Choongchung area. The findings of this study is as follows, The respondents tend to gamble most with korean playing cards, either in winter or regardless of seasons. They tend to gamble most with family members, relatives, or friends. About 20% of them gamble more often than once a month, and 60% started gambling in their twenties or thirties. The proportion of pathological gamblers was found to be 11.6% of the sample of this study, with men and rural area residents to be significantly more than women and urban area residents. In the various aspects of family lives, such as marital satisfaction, family relations, family violence, family history of addiction, how to spend leisure time with family, it was found that the pathological gamblers' group has significantly more problems than the general group. On the basis of the above findings, the suggestions were made as follows. Firstly, the counter plan to gambling is necessary in the rural area, especially in winter time. secondly, positive leisure activities which substitute gambling needs to be developed, especially for men. Thirdly, family education and family therapy Program is required for the pathological gamblers and their families. Fourthly, governmental policy is necessary for the budget to prevent and treat gambling problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.43-61
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• 2017

The wetlands are facing environmental changes such as desiccation that occurs with the passage of time and reduced ecosystem services from wetlands in the city. In order to maintain the ecosystem services provided by wetlands in urban areas, a system thinking about the trade-off phenomenon of ecosystem services occurring as the wetlands undergo environmental changes is needed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop strategies for wetland design using system thinking approach to enhance the resilience of ecosystem services degraded by the desiccation of wetlands and other disturbances. The objectives of this study include the system boundary and variables. Second, analyzing the dynamics of wetland design strategy. Third, it analyzes the trade-off phenomenon of ecosystem services in terms of the hydrology, hydric soil, and plants strategies to mitigate these effects. Fourth, wetland basic design to improve the resilience of ecosystem services. A wetland in Abuk-Mountain Neighborhood Park, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, has been selected as a case study. Causal loop diagrams(CLDs) are used to analyze feedback in the wetland regime. In summary, hydrology, hydric soil, and plants is suggested as system boundaries to design plan. Design strategies for the wetland focused on robustness, redundancy, rapidity, and resourcefulness as a result of CLD analysis are first proposed in order to effectively maintain the wetland regime over the long term. Secondly, in a section related to hydrology, the CLD results show the trade-offs between provisioning-cultural services and regulating services. In order to control these services, a "water cycling system" has been implemented due to its strength in terms of robustness. The CLDs for hydric soil showed the trade-offs between regulating services and supporting services. An "installation of storm drainage for maintaining water levels" was selected due to the strength offered in terms of redundancy and rapidity. The CLDs for plants showed the trade-offs between provisioning - cultural services and regulating services. In order to control the strategic points, the "planting of indigenous vegetation" was suggested given the strength in terms of redundancy. In this study, a wetland design method is proposed that can improve the resilience of wetland ecosystem services by analyzing the dynamics overtime. The results of this research can theoretically be applied to help restore ecosystem services in wetlands using ecological landscape design. In addition, this study will contribute to reducing maintenance costs by improving wetland resilience.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

This paper aims to analyze success factors for the construction of Supdari(a traditional wooden bridge to connect small streams temporarily), which is a citizens' initiative project to revitalize local community in Jeonju-River, Jeonju City. Recently Supdari has been restored for the use of belongings in local festivals. But Jeonju-River Supdari was designed and built to unite local citizens and connect river-divided villages. This project shows how investing social capital like Supdari makes the community vitalize through citizen's active participation. As a citizen leading project, there were several critical factors for sucess. At first, there were some noticeable ways to encourage local citizen's participation in online and offline. In the online, the Supdari internet cafe introduced what is a Supdari, how to make it and where we build using various media of UCCs and photos. In the offline, the small scaled model of Supdari was made and exhibited in the entrance of the village and related several seminars were hosted to discuss how to construct Supdari with citizens, local assembly men and public officials together. The Second is the movement to restore traditional and cultural resources for the community recovery triggered the supports from local councils and many civic groups. Civic groups supported ecological and structural expertise to guarantee environment friendly and stable construction. And local councils mediated citizen's and administrative office's opinions. The third is flexible administrative management to help citizen's ideas to be realized. Officials extended setting period of Supdari on the condition with the civic-control safety management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 2021

According to the theory of concentration recovery(ART), experiencing landscapes with healing properties can heal human mental fatigue caused by intentional concentration. The ART illustrates four healing qualities of the landscape. ART admits that various landscapes can have healing properties, the four healing properties of the landscape explained that the greater the perceptual strength, the stronger the healing effect. Until now, research on healing landscapes has been mainly done on natural and urban landscapes. The purpose of this study is as follows. First, eIt is intended to evaluate the healing characteristics of the Yangdong village landscape using RCS and investigate the impact of the healing characteristics on the visiting preference of the target landscape. Second, Evaluating the landscape image of Yangdong Village landscape, Investigating the effect of landscape images on the healing properties of landscape. This study was conducted in Yangdong Village, Gyeongju, 127 college students participated in the survey. SD 16 items to analyze landscape images and RCS 22 items from Laumann(2001) to evaluate healing properties were used as measurement tools. The findings are summarized as follows. First, The landscape image of Yangdong Village was analyzed through SD method, the analysis of the factors of Yangdong Village landscape image results in two factors: place and singularity. Second, It demonstrates the reliability and validity of RCS, Three factors were extracted from the factor analysis results. Third, Landscape images have a positive effect on the three healing characteristics of RCS. Fourth, Three healing properties of RCS have been shown to have a positive effect on visiting preferences, The order of influence on the relative visiting preferences was analyzed as attractiveness, fit, sense of escape, and sense of space. The findings suggest that future work requires research to re-validate the reliability of RCS. It is also necessary to analyze landscape images for various landscape types to specifically understand the effects on healing characteristics.