• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.725-740
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• 2003

Urbanization concerned with concentration of population, activity and expanding the urban changes a natural environmental, and human activity in urban area causes the appearance of a new hydrologic cycle system. This study is carried out the analysis for the characteristics of runoff variation in urban areas with progress of urbanization. To simulate the mechanics of runoffs on small urban watershed, the ILLUDAS model is used in this study. From the analysis of the urban-runoff processes in small urban area with the progress of urbanization, the following conclusions is obtained. It is found in the results of calculated geographical parameter that peak time is quickened by 15∼35 minutes rather than the urbanization before. Also, in the analysis of the peak rate of runoff, the peak flow rise by 60 % than the urbanization before.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1570-1574
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 서울지점 강우특성 변화의 지배적인 요인이 도시화에 의한 국소적 현상인지 혹은 지구온난화에 의한 전 지구적 현상의 일부인지에 대한 규명과 그 정량적인 영향정도를 가늠해 보았다. 이를 위해 도시화의 정도가 서로 다른 서울 인근의 비교지점을 선정하여 강우특성별로 변화양상의 차이를 비교하였다. 분석결과, 서로 도시화의 정도가 다른 세지점이 모두 강우량과 강우강도의 중심 크기와 폭이 증가하는 공통적인 경향을 나타내었고, 이는 기후변화가 서울지점 강우특성 변화의 주요 요인으로 작용한 것으로 보인다. 그러나 서울지점과 비교해 인접 비교지점인 수원이나 이천의 강우량과 강우강도의 중심 크기가 비교적 명확히 작은 값을 보였고 중심 위치와 이동방향이 서로 다르게 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 도시화의 영향으로 판단된다. 연구결과를 종합하면, 근래 서울지점 강우특성의 변화요인은 지구온난화 등에 의한 기후변화와 급격한 도시화로 인한 두가지 요인이 복합적으로 작용한 결과로 판단되고, 두 가지 주요 요인의 영향정도는, 월평균 일강우강도 기준에서, 대등한 수준으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.3-27
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• 2010

This study empirically investigates whether urbanization triggers urban disaster damages in the metropolitan areas of Korea by applying panel data analysis. Issues are approached with respect to the perspective that increased natural disaster damages are closely related with urbanization. This paper describes the conceptual framework of disaster management to understand the factors that determine urban disaster damages in Korea. This study used a simplified model with some key factors for analysis, because flood damage factors in urban areas are too diverse, and a full understanding of every cause is not feasible. The results indicate that urbanization does not necessarily lead to increasing urban disaster damages and if properly managed, urbanization can actually reduce urban disaster damage.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.189-195
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• 2003

1990년대에 들어서면서 세계 곳곳에서 새로운 도시화가 폭넓게 발견된다. 이른바 '새로운 도시화'(new urbanization)로 규정할 수 있는 이러한 양상에서 우리나라도 예외는 아니다. 오늘날 (대)도시의 변화와 성장, 그리고 그 발달은 복잡 다단한 전개과정과 함께 국가와 지역에 따라 적잖은 분화와 차별성을 보여주고 있다. 하지만 이 새로운 도시화는 기본적으로 산업사회에서 탈산업사회로의 사회구성 원리의 전환과 밀접히 관련되어 있을 뿐만 아니라, 구체적으로는 1980년대에 뿌리를 둔, 하지만 1990년대에 들어서서 보다 뚜렷한 면모를 드러내며 진행되어온 정치, 경제, 사회, 환경 등의 제 조건에 있어 결정적인 변화와 결부외어 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

A series of three-dimensional numerical simulations using a generalized multidimensional hydrodynamic dispersion numerical model is performed to simulate effectively and to evaluate quantitatively impacts of urbanization on density-dependent groundwater flow and salt transport in a coastal aquifer system, Suyeong-Gu, Busan, Korea. A series of steady-state numerical simulations of groundwater flow and salt transport before urbanization with material properties of geologic formations, which are established by numerical modeling calibrations considering all the urbanization factors, is performed first without considering all the urbanization factors. A series of transient-state numerical simulations of groundwater flow and salt transport after urbanization is then performed considering the urbanization factors individually and all together. Finally, the results of both numerical simulations are compared with each other and analyzed. The results of the numerical simulations show that density-dependent groundwater flow, salt transport, and seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer system are intensively and extensively impacted by the urbanization factors. Especially, these urbanization factors result in the changes of the total groundwater volume and salt mass in the coastal aquifer system. However, such impacts of each urbanization factor are not spatially uniform but locally different.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.555-570
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• 2007

The effects of climatic changes owing to urbanization on annual water balance have been studied. In this study, 56 meteorological stations including Seoul metropolis in South Korea have been selected, and the area of study site is $314\;km^2$. The meteorological station is centrally located in the study area with a 10 km radius. Land use status of study area was examined to estimate the urbanization extent, so that annual actual evapotranspiration could be estimated. Annual runoff was estimated by annual water balance approach using the estimated annual actual evapotranspiration and measured annual precipitation. Annual actual evapotranspiration was estimated by applying experimental equation suggested by Zhang et al, (2001) which was evaluated from 250 watersheds all over the world. Study results show that reference evapotranspiration is tending upwards due to urbanization; therefore, it seems that climatic change due to urbanization may increase the amount of annual actual evapotranspiration. However, the increase of residential area due to urbanization in study area may decrease the amount of annual actual evapotranspiration. The study results indicate that urbanization effect on annual trend of precipitation was not significant. In urban area, annual runoff is directly affected by annual precipitation, and compared with annual precipitation, annual variation of actual evapotranspiration was not significant even though it was estimated by using annual precipitation. It seems that the effect of urbanization on annual actual evapotranspiration does not influence on annual runoff significantly, and that urbanization effect on annual runoff Is not significant.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.45-80
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• 2016

This paper examined, using three indicators, urban area rate, urbanization rate and urban population density upon the status of urbanization since the 2000s in Southeast Asia. This study also carried out an empirical analysis on the effects of urbanization on economic growth using the Williamson's inverted U-shape hypothesis. In addition, this study calculated the thresholds by which urbanization starts to have positive effects on economic growth by using estimated coefficients, and comparatively analyzed each Southeast Asian country's status. The empirical analysis results opposite to the Williamson's hypothesis. This means that the hypothesis asserting that urbanization has positive effects on economic growth in a country with low economic development phase and income level, but that urbanization can have negative effects on economic growth, if a country's income level is beyond a certain level(threshold), is not supported in this study. In summary, the economies of agglomeration represented as localization economy and urbanization economy is realized to some degree in terms of urbanization in Southeast Asia. Also, urbanization in Southeast Asia has positive effects on economic growth through knowledge spillover, the active exchange of ideas and productivity improvement. In examining the meaning of Southeast Asia's urbanization, policy consideration needs to be conducted, and efforts should be made to maximize the positive effects of the economies of agglomeration and knowledge spillover on economic growth.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.323-341
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• 2012

In the recent year, the urbanization is emerging as important issue for sustainable development in China. Like the most of the world, urbanization of China is closely related with the domestic market development, the innovation of industrial structure, and the reduction of income cap among regions, urban-rural region and so on. This paper analyzes the impact of urbanization on economic growth using cross section data and time series data of the eastern coastal regions in China. Based on the existing literature, we establish a hypothesis, which is basically the same as Williamson(1965)'s hypothesis, that urbanization promotes the economic growth at the early stages of development but has adverse effects in economies that have reached a certain income level. The results of study are as follows: Using 10-provinces data of the eastern coastal region in China, this paper examines the impact of urbanization on economic growth. Regression results suggest that Williamson's hypothesis is not verified, regardless of estimation methods in two models. Hence, the results show that the impact of urbanization on economic growth has not the inverse U-type function in the eastern coastal region of China.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.1B
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• pp.71-80
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• 2010

This study aimed to figure out the effect of urbanization on meteorological variables (air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, solar radiation and precipitation) and reference evapotranspiration (RET). The research area of 6 urban areas and 6 rural areas near each urban area was selected. The monthly average daily data were collected from 12 ground stations operated by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the changes in climate variables were analyzed. Results of annual analysis have shown that the reference evapotranspiration (RET) tends to increase in urban areas while decreasing in rural areas. In particular, due to rising RET in urban areas and decreasing RET in rural areas, we can infer that the urbanization has affected to the RET. Results of monthly analysis showed that the urbanization has effects on the RET of July compared to other months (January, April and October). The yearly and monthly effects of urbanization on RET were closely related to solar radiation, relative humidity and change in temperature, and related to wind speed.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.102-105
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• 2010

수도권을 중심으로 근교농업으로 발달한 낙농업이 점차 지역의 도시화 됨에 따라 경기도 축산 농가들의 환경을 더욱 어렵게 하고 있다. 특히나 수도권 지역의 낙농가들은 도시화로 인해 후보목장부지 물색에 실패하거나 후계자를 세우지 못한 목장 등이 농장폐업에 나서면서 2006년부터 2009년까지 매년 600여 농가가 자신의 쿼터를 매각하고 목장을 정리했다. 이러한 상황 속에서도 낙농업을 3대째 이어오면 기업승계로 고군분투하고 있는 목장이 있다.