• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1984

Analysing the reports of disaster-related, average annual death of lives due to the meteorological disasters amounted to be 250, of which about 90 were due to landslide. According to the last 10-year reports, the average area of landslide occurred reaches 275 hectares per year in Korea. The total cost for rehabilitation could annually require more than about 2 billion Won (about US$ 2.5 million). The basic countermeasure policy against such heavy disasters should be definitely taken on prevention rather than rehabilitation after being damaged. However, prevention countermeasures against landslide-related disasters have not been strengthened in Korea although being important. Areas of high landslide hazard must be designated with increase in number from current 10 (35 cities and counties) to 17 (68 cities and counties included : Table 3). Number of regional Erosion Control Stations taking full charge of rehabilitating works on the damaged land resulted from landslide disaster has to increase from currently 15 stations to 25. The stone buttressed terrace structures on the hillside slopes, being typical erosion control measures in Korea have been recently recognized as one of the most effective rehabilitation measures for the land damaged by landslides.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.619-633
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• 1996

This study was carried out from March 1995 to February 1996 to select suitable vegetation and measures for revegetation on the highway cut-slope in consideration of the surrounding environment in the middle region of Korea. The numbers of revegetation-measures type surveyed were eighteen measures as a whole in descending order of the Seed-spraying measures, Block-sod pitching measures, and Straw-mat mulching measures. The numbers of vegetation species by highway line were 243 in Chungbu, 223 in Jungang, 210 in Kyongbu 2, 199 in Kyongbu 1, 179 in Sohaean, 163 in Seoul circulation. 148 in Shingal-ansan, 141 in Second kyongin and 123 in Kyongin respectively. The highest index of species diversity(H') was in Kyongbu 1-line and the evenness(E') on upper site was greater than that of the lower site. The revegetation measures were selected in consideration of nature of soil, gradient, area and situation, and 83 species were selected as those for revegetation measures in highway cut-slope.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 1990

This study describes on the erosion control effects of the several grasses and its mixtures for the man-made slopes. The grasses used for this experiment include cool-season grasses such as Festuca rubra L. (Creeping redfescue), Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass), Lolium perenne L. (Perenial ryegrass), Lolium multiflorum LAM. (Italian ryegrass), Festuca arundinacea Schrel. (Tall fescue), and warm-season grasses such as Eragrostis curvula Schrad. (Weeping lovegrass), Zoysia japonica Steud. (Zoysiass) and native plants (Artemisia princeps var. orientalis Hara, Lespedeza cuneata G. Don, Arundinella hirta var. ciliata K.) This study was conducted at Dan-kook University from April, 1988 to Octover, 1989. The results are summurized as follows; 1.Cool-season grasses covered the ground quickly in early stage, and weekened slowly during sumer season. Warm-season grasses and native-plants covered the ground slowly in early stage, but during summer season they grew vigorously, so outweighed cool season grasses. 2. The amount of aboveground growth of weeping locearass and underground growth of Artemisia prinoepts are quite differant from others. Since Arumdinella hirta has deep root system, it is thought to very useful protection of unstable for hrdro-seeding. Because cool-season grasses are useful for quick coverage, and native plants or warm-season grow well during summer season with the better compatability to weeds. 3.Mixture III(cool-season and warm-season grasses), mixtureIV(native spp. and Italian ruegrass), and mixtureV(native spp.) resulted in better control of erosion control on man-made slopes. Native spp. has equivallent capacity of erosion control compared to several foreign grasses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 1996

This study was conducted to find out the appropriate rates of mixed-seeding of native woody and herb species. It was carried out in greenhouse from 1994 to 1995. The early days germination individuals were $60no./m^2$ in case of woody species for mixed seeding treatment and the treatments were fertilization, soil surface treatment, seeding amount. The investigation factors are the number of individuals of woody and herb species, biomass, height, number of tillers, etc. The mean individuals of Lespedeza bicolor and Amorpha frutzcosa were investigated $1.14no./m^2$, $0.496no./m^2$ in 1995, and Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora and Alnus hirsuta were withering to death. In 1995, the Individuals of Oenothera odorata, Themeda triandra var. japonica, Cymbopogon tortilis var. goeringii, Miscanthus sinensis, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Lespedeza cuneata, and Arundinella hirta were investigated $5.06no./m^2$, $1,072no./m^2$, $0no./m^2$, $412.53no./m^2$, $88.6no./m^2$, $8.9no./m^2$, $57.46no./m^2$, respectively, in case of herb species. The height and biomass of Lespedeza bicolor and Amorpha fruticosa showed very fast growth, and those of Themeda triandra var. japonica, Miscanthus sinensis had a similar tendency. For the changes in woody species, according to the seeding amount, there was no significant relationship between species, but It was highly significant in 1995. In case of the herb species, the relationship between the number of individuals and seeding amount was significant for both 1994 and 1995. The most number of tiller was Miscanthus sinensis(21), and showed Themeda triandra var. japonica, Arundinella hirta in descending order. For the mixed seeding of wood and herb species, the number of individuals, height, biomass, tiller of herb species diminished as the seeding amount of herb species increased. It can be concluded that using Lespedeza bicolor and Amorpha fruticosa for woody species and like Arundinella hirta in herb species will be efficient for revegetation measures. It seems, therefore, that the plants of revegetation methods will be used to Lespedeza bicolor, Amorpha fruticosa and Arundinella hirta, and further study is needed on the seeding amount.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2009

Heteropappus arenarius Kitam., an autumn-flowering biennial belonging to wild chrysanthemums, is found to be native in southeastern coastal area and Jeju island of Korea. It could play a good role for ground cover plants on a large-scale landscape area, especially, barren soil or sloping hillside. This study was initiated to screen optimum germination temperature influenced by local strain and harvesting stage of H. arenarius. The following was the response of seed germination between local strain and temperature. The average of final germination percentage (FG) was the highest in 'Guryongpo' (89.7%) among four local strains, followed by 'Gujwa' (87.3%), 'Gampo' (87.3%), and 'HKNU-I' (71.5%). The average of $T_{50}$ was shorter in 'Gujwa' (3.6 d) and 'Guryongpo' (4.0 d) than the others. The average of FG and $T_{50}$ was the highest as 76.2% and shortest as 3.6 d in $20^{\circ}C$, respectively, followed by $30^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $15^{\circ}C$. In case of 'Gujwa', however, FG and T50 was higher in $20^{\circ}C$ and shorter in $15^{\circ}C$ than others. In the relationship between harvesting stage and temperature, the average of FG was greatly higher in Stage III (90.7%) and Stage IV (88.6%) than the others including Stage II (35.7%) and Stage I (26.0%). The average of $T_{50}$ was shorter in Stage IV (3.7 d) and Stage III (4.3 d) than the others, which showed less than 50% of FG. Nevertheless, the available range of seed harvesting stage was from Stage I to Stage IV because H. arenarius seeds could germinate at all stages. In conclusion, it was recommended that the optimum temperature and harvesting stage was $20^{\circ}C$ and Stage $III{\sim}IV$, respectively, for seed germination of H. arenarius.