• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.39-46
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the heavy metal accumulation in wild plants. The samples from 5 plant species on 14 sites were taken on the roadside where urban and industrial regions in northern Gyeonggi do. Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Chenopodium album L. var. centrobrum, Erigeron canadensis L., Rumex crispus L. and Taraxacum platycapum H. Dahlst were taken from different parts of the plants gathered in surveyed sites for analysing. This study classified which species were suitable to accumulators, excluders, or indicators which were provided as Phytoremediation for heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) and considered the applicability of that work. 1. The mean accumulation of 6 heavy metals in plants was as follows; Zn> Cu> Cr> Pb> Ni> Cd in rows except for Ni and Pb in Erigeron. 2. The highest heavy metal accumulators were Taraxacum and Artemisia. 3. The comparison of heavy metal accumulations between the tops and roots in the plants was as follows; Zn> Cd> Pb> Ni> Cu> Cr. 4. Comparison of heavy metal accumulations between tops and roots, root parts were higher than the top parts in most of the plants. Especially, in Taraxacum, a ratio was over 1.0 in Cr, Ni, and Zn. Therefore, Taraxacum was an accumulator for 3 heavy metals. And Erigeron, Chenopodium, Rumex, Artemisia were good for excluders which had lower than 1.0.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.158-162
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• 1974

Some ecological attributes of perennial plants and Pb contamination were analyzed for study plots near an entrance of Nevade Test Site at Mercury Valley, Nye County, Nevada. The surface of the desert pavement soil was composed of stones (1 to 4cm diameter). The underside of each stone was coated with coarse and fine sand (about 90%). The profiles of soil were constituted with the A-horizon and C-horizon only. The soil pH at the plots ranges from 7.6 to 8.5, C/N was 13 and cation exchange capacity showed 15me/100g. Nine species and 42 number of individuals were found in all plots. Franseria dumosa and Larrea divaricata were dominant species. The discrete clumps of vegetation were consisted of 9 species of common perennials and these were covered about 25% on desert pavement, on the other words, bare area without vegetation was about 75%. The size and spacing of the plants was irregular. Community coefficient as comparison between shrub species in these study area and those in near the low elevation desert indicated a low degree of similarity. Density, cover and productivity in the study plots as compared with those in the nearest study areas in Mercury Valley showed a higher value. The soils in the studied area involved high heavy metal contents in the plant tissue was higher than those of its soil. The leavds of Lycium andersonii tended to accumulate more Zn and Mo than those of the other species. Larrea divaricata leaves accumulated very high leaves of Fe and Ephedra nevadensis were generally high in Mn. Lead contamination was apparent in foliage of desert vegetation collected alongside the roadway, reflecting the variation in traffic volume. Lead contents greater than fifteen-fold of normal (low traffic) were found in plant foliage alongside the heavily traveled roadway. Lead content of old foliage by the heavily traveled roadway was as much as 129 ppm but that of new foliage 17 ppm only.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.550-560
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to research spatial diffusion, a condition for spread of Ailanthus altissima, and conduct flora analysis to provide useful information for management of it. Three research spots where the community dominance value was found to be high and habitat was homogeneous according to a 2010 in-depth species study were selected, and census was conducted using a line-transect method. The diffusion area included 1,435 $m^2$ in Yangpyeong, 1,118 $m^2$ in Gimcheon and 760 $m^2$ in Sancheong, in order of increasing size, and a total of 510 trees were found to be randomly diffused in space. An average of 83.2% of Ailanthus altissima were found to be included in DBH classes I (1.0-3.4 cm) and II (3.5-6.4 cm), showing that young trees were dominant in Ailanthus altissima communities and there was an age diffusion pattern according to degree of disturbance in habitats. A total of 41 families 75 genera and 91 species of flora made up the list, and Therophytes were most widely found in all of the three areas. This shows that habitats in these areas have recently been disturbed. It was evaluated that elimination of roadside population and mountainous area population was necessary to prevent diffusion of Ailanthus altissima.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2011

This study was carried out to know the insect fauna of turf grass area in forest. In Korea, graves and public cemetery in mountain areas are usually covered by turf grass which were mainly examined. There were 86 species belonging to 77 genera of 39 families in 11 orders. Among them, site 3 had highest occurrence (38%), second was site 2 (36%) and in the last place was site 1 (26%). Hemiptera revealed best species composition (29.1%) and came Coleoptera (19.8%), Orthoptera (15.1%), Lepidoptera (12.8%) and Odonata (5.8%) etc. The reason why Hemiptera and Orthoptera are mainly found in these areas is because they usually feed on short plants that grow in there. Taxonomic species composition, occurrence ratio by site and species and comparison analysis were provided.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1990

우리나라에서는 70년대 이후 컨테이너 수송체계가 도입되어 운영되어 왔으나 차량의 급격한 증가와 더불어 컨테이너 수송체계는 도시교통에 있어서 많은 문제를 야기시키는 것으로 논란이 되고 있다. 특히, 부산항은 우리나라 최대의 국제 무역항으로써 전 컨테이너 수송화물의 90%이상을 처리하고 있고, 또한 수출입항으로서 제 역할을 다하고 있으나 낮은 도로율(12.45%)과 산재해 있는 30여개의 Off-Dock CY로 인해서 도심을 통과하는 컨테이너 수송차량은 많은 교통문제를 유발시키고 있다. 본 연구는 1) 부산시에 산재해 있는 30여개의 Off-Dock CY에 이르는 주요 도로상에서 컨테이너 수송량의 신간별 분포에 따라 컨테이너의 운행시간대를 첨두 시간대, 비첨두 시간대 및 심야 시간대로 분류하여 각 시간대별 평균 수송 시간 및 교통 체증으로 인한 수송 지체수준을 확인하였고, 2) 컨테이너 전용부두로 부터 Off-Dock CY에 이르는 도시 고속도로 및 주요간선도로상에서의 수송시간 및 수송 지체수준을 비교 분석하였으며, 3) 마지막으로, 효율적인 컨테이너 수송체계를 위한 최적 수송시간대 및 도로체계를 제시할 수 있었다. 특히, 컨테이너 수송시간 및 지체수준은 각 운행 시간대에 따라 현저한 차이를 보이고 있었는데, 심야 시간대를 이용하여 컨테이너 수송을 할 경우에는 다른 시간대에 비하여 50%정도의 수송시간 절감효과를 기대할 수 있었으며, 도시 고속도로를 이용할 경우에는 도시 간선도로에 비하여 30%정도의 수송시간을 절약할 수 있었다. 따라서 도시지역의 교통체중을 완화시키기 위해서 심야 시간대에 보다 많은 컨테이너 수송차량이 이용할 수 있는 컨테이너 수송체계가 확립되어야 하고, 산재해 있는 Off-Dock CY를 몇개의 ODCY그룹이나 단지까지 컨테이너 전용 고속도로의 건설이 바람직하고 생각된다.리구에서 조사한 결과 $10^{-3}$ M MGBG 단독 처리구에서 에틸렌 생성량이 가장 높았으며, spermidine과 spermine의 함량은 가장 낮았다. 부정근 형성능이 다소 회복된 $10^{-3}$ M MGBG+ $10^{-5}$M spermine 혼합처리구에서의 에틸렌 생성량은 대조구보다는 다소 높게 나타났다. 부정근 회복능이 가장 높았던 $10^{-3}$ M MGBG+ $10^{-5}$ M spermine + $10^{-4}$ M Cocl$_2$ 혼합처리구에서 에틸렌 생성량은 가장 낮게 나타났으며, polyamine 함량은 가장 높게 나타났다.(Cyperaceae), 명아주과(Chenopodiaceae) 같은 풀들이 하구언(estuary)의 해안가에 주로 서식하였던 것으로 나타났다. 이 시기동안에 해양성조류인 와편모류와 담수성 조류가 동시에 다양하게 산출되는 것은 하구언 퇴적환경이었음을 잘 지시해 준다. 제II화분대(고도, 43.72{\sim}3.36\;m$)가 시작되면서 혼합림은 침엽수림으로 바뀌었으며, 낙엽활엽수들의 서식지가 2엽소나무로 대치되면서 침엽수가 주요 수종을 이루었던 것으로 나타났다. 아마도 이런 산림형태는 자연 기후환경변화 뿐만 아니라 인간간섭에 의해 나타난 결과로 생각된다. 이 시기에 경작식물인 벼과(Gramineae), 옥수수(Zea), 메밀(Fagopyrum)과 논밭의 뚝 등지 에서 서식하는 돼지풀(Ambrosia) 등이 처음으로 산출되는 것으로 보아 인간간섭이 행해졌음을 잘 뒷 받침해준다. 또한 담수성 조류는 변함없이 산출되는 반면, 해양성조류인 와편모류가 산출되지 않는 것으로 보아 해안환경에서 다소 멀 어진

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

This study investigates the environmental factors of endemic species in Korea in order to understand their ecological characteristics, and to investigate the target species of their natural habitats to find similar sites. The purpose is to restore and follow suitable growth methods for the appropriate highway facility of target species to establish a management system via monitoring. This study endeavors to restore the target species near highway facilities on the basis of monitoring data and restore sites have similar natural characteristics of the target species. After restoring the target species, a restoration strategy and management plan will be established for breeding and continuation. The restoration strategy and management plan of the target species is divided into breeding, restoring, maintaining and monitoring plans. Specially management plans include several divisions such as soil, water, non-point pollution source reduction and naturalized plants. The results of this study can be used as reference materials for the restoration of endemic Korean plants in the future of highway routes, and for systematic management measures in habitats.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2020

It is known that different plant species have ability to deposit different amounts of particulate matter (PM) on their leaves and plants can absorb heavy metals in PM through their leaves. Heavy metals in PM can have toxic effect on human body and plants. Therefore, PM on different roadside trees at Chungbuk national University including box tree (Buxus koreana), yew (Taxus cuspidate), royal azalea (Rhododendron yedoense), and retusa fringetree (Chionanthus retusa) was quantified based on particle size (PM_>10 and PM_2.5-10). The metal concentration in PM accumulated on leaves was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. In this study, the mass of PM_>10 deposited on the surface of the tree leaves ranged from 6.11 to 32.7 ㎍/㎠, while the mass of PM_2.5-10 ranged from 0 to 14.8 ㎍/㎠. The royal azaleas with grooves and hair on the leaf surface retained PM particles for longer time, while the yews and box trees with wax on leaf surfaces accumulated more PM. The PM contained elements in crustal material such as Al, Ca, Mg, and Fe and heavy metals including Cu, Pb and Zn. The concentration of elements in crustal material was higher in the coarser size, while heavy metal concentration was relatively higher in the finer size fraction. The Mn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations of leaves and PM_2.5-10 were significantly correlated indicating that PM was taken up through tree leaves.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2002

In July 2001, rotting and shivering flowers of cotton rose (Hibiscus mutabitis) were fecund in the flower beds along the roadsides in Jinju area. The disease first started as water-soaking, dark-green lesions on the petals, and then whole flower was rotted rapidly, Whitish mycelia and monosporous sporangiophore with monosporous sporangiola were formed abundantly on the lesions. Colony appeared as white to pale yellowish brown mycelia on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA). Monosporous sporangiophore was long slender and branched at the apex, each branch bearing a head of sporangiospores. Sporangium was subglobose in shape and was 42.6-114.2$\mu$m in size. Monosporous sporangiola were elliptic, fusiform or ovoid, and brown in color and 12.3~21.6 $\times$8.3~11.6$\mu$m Um in size. Sporangiospores were elliptic, fusiform or ovoid in shape, dark brown or brown in color and 16.3~23.8$\times$8.2~13.6$\mu$m in size, and they had three or more appendages at bipolar end. Zygospores were mostly globose, dark black colored and sized was 46.2-78.4$\mu$min diameter, The fungus grew on PDA between at 15 to 4$0^{\circ}C$, and the optimum temperature was 3$0^{\circ}C$. This is the first report on the flower rot of cotton rose caused by C. cucurbitarum in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3 s.99
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• pp.198-212
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• 2002

A numerical variation and abnormalities were studied on egg bags and embryos of Korean salamander, Hynobius leechii from agricultural habitat. The teratogenic and toxic effects of fungicide benomyl were also investigated with early embryos from non-agricultural habitat. We collected 144 egg bags from agricultural region, and 3418 of early embryos were contained. The lengths of egg bags were varied from 10 to 23 cm and the most frequent length was 19 cm. The number of embryos was varied from 7 to 43, and the most frequent range was 22 to 26. Spontaneous abnormalities were occurred in 406 embryos among 116 egg bags, and 24 kinds of external abnormalities were found. Individuals showing severe external defect were histologically studied and they showed optic dyspalsia, thyroid carcinoma, somatic muscular dysplasia, partial biaxial structure, decrease of red blood cells in the heart, cephalic degeneration and intestinal dysplasia. 385 embryos from non-agricultural region were exposed to 200 nM${\sim}$ 1 ${\mu}$M of benomyl at blastula or gastrula for 12 days. All embryo were dead in the concentration of 1 ${\mu}$M (LD$_{100}$) and 75% of embryos were dead in 800nM of benomyl. Speciflc effect due to benomyl was acrania or cephalic dysplasia and this restult suggests that the benomyl inhibit stongly to the development of neural tissue. These abnormal developments may be caused by antimitotic action, inhibition of tubulin complex, destruction of microtubule, inhibitions of neurulation and closing of neural fold, and by the inhibition of the movement of neural crest cells.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.283-291
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of fruit quality, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of Yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) from Go-heung and Jeju according to harvest time. Samples were harvested from August to December on the $1^{st}$ of every month. August and September samples were green colored, whereas November and December samples were yellow. The fruit shape index decreased, changing from globular to elliptical, whereas the $^{\circ}birx$ increased with ripening stage. The yuzu from Jeju was larger than that from Go-heung in each month of cultivation. August samples exhibited the highest amounts of phenolic compounds. In addition, samples from Jeju had higher total phenolic content than those from Go-heung. The content of phenolic compounds decreased with ripening until October and then increased subsequently. Antioxidant activity of the yuzu was evaluated by FRAP and DPPH methods. The antioxidant activity showed a similar trend as total phenolic content. Immature yuzu fruit was found to exhibit the highest amount of flavonoids such as naringin and hesperidin. November and December samples showed almost the same contents of flavonoids. The flavonoid content of yuzu fruit harvested from Jeju was higher than that from Go-heung. Overall, the samples harvested at the early stage, in the month of August, exhibited the highest flavonoid content, phenolic content and antioxidant activity. As the health benefits of these compounds has been demonstrated in various studies, the immature yuzu appears to be preferable for use as a raw material for formulation of pharmaceutical products as well as for functional food production after a proper in-vivo and in-vitro medical tests.