• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.554-561
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between anxiety, anger and fatigue among stress factor in clinical practice of nursing students. The subjects were 197 nursing students who have practiced at the hospital in T city. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test and pearson's correlation coefficient. The mean score for stress was 3.82. The mean score for anxiety was 48.82. The mean score for anger was 1.17. The mean score for fatigue was 30.96. The factor of stress was a significant difference of anxiety according to conference, theory and practice, satisfaction of clinical practice. The factor of stress was a significant difference of anger according to report, theory and practice, orientation, nurse, environment. The factor of stress was a significant difference of fatigue according to conference, orientation, environment, patient relationship. In results, This study revealed that there was a significant correlation among stress, anxiety, anger and fatigue of nursing students in clinical practice.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1988

This study is intended to propose an approach to reliability-based safety evaluation as well as LRFR(Load and Resisitance Factor Rating) type capacity classification of military or civilian bridges based on the limit state models which are delived by incorporating all the uncertainties of resistance and load random variables including deterioration, and are used in a practical AFOSM (Advanced First Order Second Moment) method. The proposed methods for the assement of safety and load carrying capacity are applied for the evaluation of rating and classifications of several practical bridges against the crossing of military vehicles. Based on the observation of the numerical results, it can be concluded that the current NATO classification method which is based on the traditionl allowable stress concept can not provide real load carrying capacity but results in nominal classification, and therefore the reliability-based safety evaluation and LRFR-classification method or the corresponding rational allowable stress method proposed in this paper may have to be introduced into the classification practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2012

In this paper, we proposed a method for automatic detection of a updating object from spatial data sets of different scale and updating cycle by using areal feature matching based on shape similarity. For this, we defined a updating object by analysing matching relationships between two different spatial data sets. Next, we firstly eliminated systematic errors in different scale by using affine transformation. Secondly, if any object is overlaid with several areal features of other data sets, we changed several areal features into a single areal feature. Finally, we detected the updating objects by applying areal feature matching based on shape similarity into the changed spatial data sets. After applying the proposed method into digital topographic map and a base map of Korean Address Information System in South Korea, we confirmed that F-measure is highly 0.958 in a statistical evaluation and that significant updating objects are detected from a visual evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.493-503
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• 2009

Bridge redundancy is defined as the capability of a bridge to sustain loads after one of its main members incurs damage. It is affected by many parameters, including the number of girders, span length, girder height, internal supports, and secondary members. The present AASHTO and Korean Bridge design codes, however, define bridge redundancy only as the number of girders, and neither the evaluation method nor the required level of redundancy is given. This study presented a redundancy evaluation method for plate girder bridges with severe fatigue damage based on the reliability method,by considering the essential parameters. A required level of redundancy was also proposed as a target system reliability index from the load capacity analysis and reliability analysis of the basis bridge designed by LRFD. Finally, the level of redundancy of simple and continuous plate girder bridges with a variable number of girders designed by ASD was evaluated and presented.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.214-214
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• 2011

최근 국내 연안역에는 관광의 활성화 등의 목적으로 잔교가 많이 가설되고 있다. 그러나 잔교의 설계에 대한 규정이 없어 현재는 항만 및 어항설계기준을 준용하여 설계하고 있는 실정이며, 또한 지역적 특성을 반영하지 못하고 건설되어 과다한 단면을 사용하는 경우가 많고, 경제성이나 경관성을 갖추지 못한 경우가 많은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 합리적인 잔교용 설계기준을 마련하기 위한 기초적인 연구로써 지반조건을 고려한 잔교의 거동특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 해석모델을 개발하고, 다양한 해석조건에 대한 해석을 수행하여 그 특성을 정리하고자 하였다. 이를 통하여 잔교의 합리적인 구조시스템을 개발하고, 설계기준을 정리하는데 이바지 하고자 한다. 이 연구에서는 서해안의 연약지반을 고려하기 위해 지반스프링을 이용한 해석모델을 개발하고, 다양한 해석조건에 대한 해석을 수행하여 그 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 조립식 잔교는 Capbeam, Wood Deck, ㄱ형강, Pile로 네 가지의 구성으로 이루어지고, 이 네 가지 요소의 재료는 강재로 사용하였으며, 하중에 대해서는 항만 및 어항설계기준을 준용하여 군중하중 $5kN/m^2$, 월파력 $20.1kN/m^2$을 사용하였고, 풍하중은 도로교 설계기준을 이용하여 산정한 $3.309kN/m^2$을 사용하였다. 재하하중 및 하중에 대한 최적단면에 대한 연구를 활용하여 본 연구에서는 지반조건의 영향, Capbeam과 Pile의 크기변화, 사항 등의 영향을 고려하였을 때 각 구성요소에서 발생하는 단면력의 변화와 축력, 접합부 모멘트 등의 외력과 내력을 정리하여 잔교의 거동특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 다양한 변수해석을 수행하기 위하여 지반조건을 고려한 2D 해석모델을 개발하였으며, 본 연구에서 고려한 군중하중, 풍하중, 월파력의 설계하중 중에서는 월파력이 지배적인 것을 알 수 있었다. Pier의 지름이 증가 하면 작용하는 월파력이 커지고 따라서 단면력이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 합리적인 Pier의 크기 결정이 경제적이고 경관이 우수한 잔교 건설에 중요 요인임을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 잔교의 설계기준 정립에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되나, 보다 합리적인 잔교의 설계와 시공을 위해서는 지속적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed the method automatically to match areal feature based on similarity using spatial information. For this, we extracted candidate matching pairs intersected between two different spatial datasets, and then measured a shape similarity, which is calculated by an weight sum method of each matching criterion automatically derived from CRITIC method. In this time, matching pairs were selected when similarity is more than a threshold determined by outliers detection of adjusted boxplot from training data. After applying this method to two distinct spatial datasets: a digital topographic map and street-name address base map, we conformed that buildings were matched, that shape is similar and a large area is overlaid in visual evaluation, and F-Measure is highly 0.932 in statistical evaluation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.726-738
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• 2016

This paper aims to examine structural relationship between the influence factors of customer loyalty, hypothesizing that m-CRM characteristics, market orientations, relationship quality and relationship length plays a crucial role in achieving customer loyalty in insurance companies. Total of 255 valid sample data were used to test study hypotheses. By using Structure Equation Modeling(SEM) method, the results show that m-CRM characteristics and customer orientation significantly influence to relationship quality except competitor orientation and all relationship quality are very significantly influence to customer loyalty being consisted of customer retention and word of mouth effect. In addition, the modulation effect of relationship length is confirmed about relationship between relationship quality and customer loyalty. A real situation we conducted our research may enable academics and practitioners to understand the antecedents and outcomes of m-CRM implementation in terms of market orientation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

Resilient modulus has been used for characterizing the stress-strain behavior of subgrade soils subjected to traffic loadings. With the recent release of the M-E Design Guide, highway agencies are further encouraged to implement the resilient modulus test to improve subgrade design. The subgrade design for the trackbed, however, is primarily relying on the static test results such as $K_{30}$ and deformation modulus, Ev. Therefore applicability of the resilient modulus for the design of trackbed needs to be evaluated. In this study, physical property tests, unconfined compressive tests and resilient modulus tests were conducted to assess the resilient and permanent strain behavior of 14 cohesive subgrade soils. A predictive model for estimating the resilient modulus is proposed based on the results of unconfined compressive tests and tangent elastic modulus, unconfined compressive strength, failure strain, secant modulus at peak, and yield strain. The predicted resilient moduli using the predictive models compared satisfactorily with measured ones. Although the permanent strain occurs during the resilient modulus test, the permanent behavior of subgrade soils is currently not taken into consideration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.766-771
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• 2007

In this research, we were going to make the function which can forecast the operating cost of metropolitan railroad that is performing a role of assistant highway within the city. In order to do this, based on service records of subway line 1st to 8th in Seoul, we extracted 23 variables which can affect to the operating cost, and we selected the final variable for estimate the function of operating cost from correlation among variables and influence analysis. Then, we performed regression analysis by stages using final variable. 6 independent variables are chosen for presuming the operating cost, and we obtained the final 3 variables (quantity of holding motor cars, peak quantity of possessed motor cars, and quantity of stations) as a result of regression analysis. Through this research, function of operating cost of metropolitan railroad has better applicability than existing preliminary validity, and it is used by further preliminary validity investigation and master plan or validity investigation which is accompanied by operation designing, thus we expect that it could make a great contribution to the priority order of investment for metropolitan railroad or process of policy decision.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 2018

This study aims to propose a method for the estimation of operational delay cost using transportation card data in bus accidents. Average operational delay time from bus accidents was surveyed among 12 bus companies through an interview method. Then, the operational delay cost was estimated using actual traffic accident data and transportation card data. Results showed that average loss time per bus accident was found to be 45 minutes. In addition, total occupancy of 659 was estimated for the accidents investigated using transportation card data, resulting a total loss time of 494.25 hours. An estimated operational delay cost was 186.9 thousand won per accident, which was 6.37% of social agency cost. The magnitude of this number implied that operational delay cost may have a significant impact on traffic accident cost if included.