• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.235-242
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• 2007

로봇의 활동 영역이 산업 현장에서 인간의 일상 생활 공간으로 확장됨에 따라서, 로봇은 사용자가 사용하는 성능 좋은 도구 개념에서 벗어나 일상 생활을 공유하며 살아가는 파트너로 생각되기 시작했다. 이에 따라서 미리 정해진 명령과 조작 방법을 통한 단순한 상호작용만이 일어나던 과거와 달리, 사용자는 마치 사람을 대하듯 자연스럽게 로봇과 상호작용하기를 기대하게 되었다. 사람들은 본래 context를 활용하여 모호한 표현을 하더라도 상호작용이 가능하기 때문에, 사용자의 발화가 자유롭게 이루어지면 로봇이 처한 상황적 모호성은 가중될 수 밖에 없다. 이러한 문제에 직면하여, 스크립트 기반의 인간-로봇 상호작용을 통한 문제 해결 노력이 그 돌파구가 될 것으로 기대된다. 본 논문은 이러한 노력의 일환으로, 태스크 수행중인 로봇에 자유롭게 사용자가 개입하는 상황을 처리하는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 사용자가 개입하는 상황을 어떻게 이해할 것이며, 로봇은 어떤 전략으로 이에 대처해야 하는지 분석한 뒤, 사용자 개입에 대한 구체적인 처리 프로세스를 제시한다. 그리고 제시된 프로세스를 구현해 봄으로써 그 효용성을 검증한다.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.614-621
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• 2004

블로그는 1인 미디어로써 개인의 일상을 자유롭게 청에 기록하는 동시에 트랙백을 통하여 보다 많은 사람들과 연계되어 인간관계를 형성할 수 있는 도구로 각광받고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 블로그 특성을 이용하여 학급 내 학생들의 사회적 자아 존중감 향상을 위한 학급 블로그 시스템을 설계 구현하였다. 온라인 활동과 오프라인 활동을 별 상점이라는 보상체계로 연계한 학급 블로그 시스템은 학생들의 인터넷 생활을 순화시켜 타인과의 관계를 원만히 하고 컴퓨터 활용 능력을 증대시키는 등 실제 학급에서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 1996

Objective : The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Brief Cognitive Rating Scale(BCRS) are frequently using screening tests fur evaluating the cognitive function in clinical practice and research. The authors tried to evaluate the clinical usefulness of these tests for the patients with non-traumatic subcortical cerebrovascular disease. Method : We administered the MMSE and BCRS to 85 patients and 195 normal control group. In order to compare the test results according to the lesion site, we divided patients into left sided lesion group(21 patients), right sided lesion group(31 patients) and both sided lesion group(13 patients). Their cognitive function was evaluated by the BNA and daily living functional activity was examined by the IADLs(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale)and GERRI(Geriatric Evaluation by Relative's Rating Instrument). Results : The results are as follows : 1) In the BNA, the patients scored significantly lower than control group at all items(except Right-Left Orientation and Motor Impersistence), but there were no difference in the MMSE(total score and all 5 items), and only 2 items(recent memory and self-care) were significantly different between two groups in the BCRS. 2) In the comparison by lateralization, there were significant differences among three groups at 3 items(Left Tactile Form Perception, Left Finger Localization and Right Finger Localization) in the BNA. But, there were no difference in the MMSE and BCRS. 3) In the correlation between daily living functioning and the MMSE/BCRS, control group showed no relation(except item of cognitive functioning), but patient group was significantly correlated with 3 items(social functioning, instrumental activities of daily living and cognitive functioning). Conclusions : These findings suggest that MMSE and BCRS are not useful as the test for cognitive function and discrimination of lateralization in patients with non-traumatic subcortical cerebrovascular disease. However, scores of these tests may be related with the functional level(such as daily living function) of patients.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.249-260
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the realities related with the in-home falls of the elderly and also the factors that affect on the fails. Method: The data collection was carried out from January 10 to 13, 2005. The subjects of this study were 201 in-home elderly people over age 60 who resided at G city of Jeollabuk-do. Result: The following are the results from the analysis of collected data with using the SPSS program. 1. The number of people who experienced fall injuries was 51.7% within three years. Most cases of falls occurred in winter (52.4%), on roads (52.9%), wearing sports shoes (56.7%), when walking (56.7%), loosing their balance (54.8%), and slipping (54.8%). 2. The factors yielding the difference between the groups of elderly with the experience of fail injury and the group of elderly with no experience of falls showed a statistical significance for gender (p=.000), last academic career (p=.049), and number of people in the family (p=.041). 3. Among the factors related with health, the factors yielding the difference between the group of elderly with the experience of falls and the group of elderly with no experience of fails showed statistical significance for drinking (p=.015), dizziness (p=.000) and level of drug intakes (p=.015). 4. The elderly with the experience of fall injury as compared with the group of aged people with no experience of falls showed a higher degree of depression (p=.009). 5. From the result of logistic regression analysis to explore the factors affecting the experience of fall injury, it was found that there was a significant result for gender (p=.002) and depression (p=.018). Women as compared with men and the elderly with depression showed a higher rate of danger in falls. Conclusion: Based on the above results, it is expected that fall prevention programs are needed with regard to the general characteristics and health related characteristics, that is, the individual danger factors should be focused on such depression and gender as being the most important variables affecting the experience of falls.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.111-123
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• 1998

The related factors of the quality of life (QOL) in stroke patients was identified empirically. The subjects were 254 stroke patients who were discharged and taken follow-up care at the outpatient department. In this model, the physical, psychological, and social status were assumed to affect the QOL. And the social support was assumed to moderate these effects. NIH stroke state, ADL, and IADL were used to measure the physical status. Using CES-D, the psychological status was measured. The social status was defined as the job change after stroke attack. The satisfaction with the care by primary caregivers, significant others, and health professionals was measured as the social support. To identify the effect of the physical, psychological, and social status on the QOL, multiple regression analysis was carried out. The psychological and social status were found to be the significant predictors of the QOL(R2=0.27, p=0.00). Next, to identify the moderating effect of the social support, the subjects were divided into two groups, that is, the low social support group and the high social support group. It is found that the predicting variance is different between these two groups. In the low social support group, the psychological, social, and physical status predicted as much as 42% of the QOL. On the contrary, the psychological status predicted only 8% of the QOL in the high social support group. So it is concluded that the social support moderates the effects of the physical, psychological, and social status on QOL. Finally, to identify the social support which moderates those effects, the social support was divided into three classes. Each social support class was divided into the low and high social support group again. In the every class of social support, the difference between two groups was also identified. So the model of the QOL is recommended for the framework of the care for the stroke patients. Also these results support the claim that the long-term facilities for stroke patients are necessary.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2005

이 사례연구는 2002년 10월 15일 칼에 의한 좌상으로 경추 3-4번의 불완전 척수손상을 입은 25세의 남자 환자가 최초 병원에서 2002년 12월 한달 간의 치료를 마친 후, 2003년 1월 3일부터 4월 28일까지 태릉에 위치한 N 재활센터에서 주 5회 2시간의 자세조절 훈련, 심폐지구력 훈련, 웨이트 훈련, 스포츠(축구, 소프트 볼), 여가활동(등산)의 프로그램을 적용하여 척추손상 환자의 사회적응을 돕기위한 재활 프로그램의 다양화를 꾀하기 위한 기초 선행 작업으로 시작되었다. 신체능력을 평가하기 위한 측정도구는 관절가동범위(Range of Motion), 수동근력검사(Muscle Manual Test), 경직(Spasticity), 신체체력(Physical Fitness), 발란스(Balance: one leg stand), 상대적인 등속성 하지근력(Isokinetic Muscle Strength) 그리고 신체조성(Body Composition)로 하였다. 재활기간을 통해 처음 시작 일자에서 45일 간격으로 3차례의 측정을(1월 3일부터 4월 28일까지 실시하였다) 실시하였다. 최초 환자의 상태는 부분적으로 일상생활의 도움을 받아야 하는 상태로 동작을 시작하려 할 때 경직이 발생되어 옷을 입고 벗기, 신발 신고 벗기, 운전, 식사, 보행과 계단보행, 경사보행에서 보조자의 도움이 필요했으며, 작은 물건 잡기와 글씨쓰기, 타이핑 작업은 불가능 한 상태였다. 또한 스포츠 활동과 여가활동 역시 불가능 한 상태였다. 3달 15일간의 기간 동안 환자는 복학을 준비하기 위해 적극적으로 치료에 임했으며, 결과는 다음과 같았다. 신체조성은 재활 훈련을 통해 체중, 체지방율(%), 복부지방율(WHR)의 많은 감소를 가져왔다. 경직을 측정하는 Ashworth Scale은 정상에 가깝게 감소하였다. 관절가동범위는 고관절, 무릎, 발목에서 모두 증가하였다. 수동근력검사(0-9)는 많은 향상을 가져왔다. 신체체력능력 항목에서 근지구력의 윗몸일으키기와 팔굽히기, 악근력, 유연성으로 앉아 체간 숙이기, 민첩성으로 사이드 스텝, 순발력의 서전트는 모두 크게 향상되었다. 환자의 일상능력에서도 옷을 입고 벗기, 신발 신고 벗기, 운전, 식사, 보행과 계단보행, 경사보행에서 보조자의 도움이 필요없었으며, 타이핑 작업은 5손가락을 모두 사용하지는 않았지만, 1분에 80타로 큰 향상을 가져왔다. 또한 축구와 소프트볼, 등산을 달에 1회 정도 실시하여 약간의 도움만으로 가능하게 되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5709-5714
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of function classification system in children with cerebral palsy (CP). For this, relationship among the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and the functional status (WeeFIM) in children with cerebral palsy form September 2008 to August 2010. The participants was 217 children with CP in this study. The 217 children were evaluated by using the MACS for their hand function and by using the GMFCS for their motor function. The functional status were assessed by using the Functional Independence Measure of Children (WeeFIM). The GMFCS have a significant correlation with total score and domains of WeeFIM (p<.05) There were a significant correlation with total score and domains of WeeFIM (p<.05) except no significancy with communication domain in dyskinesia type. The highest number of participants were in level 1 (20.3) and level 5 (40.6%) for GMFCS. For MACS, the highest number of participants were level 2 (48.8%) and level 5 (16.6%). The function classification of GMFCS and MACS in practice will provide usefulness for assessment of function in children with CP.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.235-247
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• 2019

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Virtual Reality(VR) program on recovery of functional in Stroke through systematic literature review and meta-analysis. The following databases were used to search the literature: RISS, KISS, KMbase. Keywords included 'stroke', 'CVA' 'virtual reality', 'rehabilitation', 'virtual reality program' and the evaluated articles were published from 2009 to November 2018. The statistical was used R program, the effect size of upper limb, balance and ADL were calculated by random-effects model. As a result, 9 RCT studies were meta-analyzed and were evaluated for the risk of bias by the RoB of Cochrane Collaboration; the overall risk of bias was low. The effect sizes of VR program was balance(g=.77), ADL(g=.80) as indicated by a "large effect size". Therefore, VR program is large effective in reducing balance and ADL in strokes. It is necessary to develop and apply a virtual reality-based program using more efficient program development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.248-256
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among functional evaluation systems, the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and the functional status (WeeFIM) in children with spastic cerebral palsy and to provide the foundation data about MACS for evaluation system of hand function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. For this, sixty children with spastic cerebral palsy were employed in this study. The sixty children were evaluated by using the MACS for their hand function and by using the GMFCS for their motor function. The functional status were assessed by using the Functional Independence Measure of Children (WeeFIM). There were a significant correlation between the MACS and the GMFCS (r =.659, p <.05). The good correlation between the MACS and WeeFIM was found (r = -.576, p <.05). The functional status according to the hand function level evaluated by using the MACS were different significantly (p <.05). The MACS in practice will provide usefulness for assessment of hand function in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.2 s.53
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• pp.199-214
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• 1996

To investigate the factors which affecting the cognitive function and depression of the 65 or more age group, the authors surveyed for the subjects in the region of Taejon and nearby Taejon area. 729 studied subjects were tested for cognitive function with MMSE and depression with GDS. The main results were followings; In the studied subjects, the rate of normal cognitive function was 56.8%, the rate of mildly impaired was 24.1% and the rate of severe impairment was 19.1%. The cognitive function level was closely related to the depression score. As the age increased, the cognitive function was more impaired. Sexual difference was also existed in the cognitive function level and the depression score. After adjusting the effect of age, the variables such as sex, marital status, education level, past job, instrumental ability of daily living, regular physical exercise, frequencies of going out the house, chest discomfort, visual and auditory disturbance, and dizziness had the significant relationship with cognitive function impairment. Among these variables instrumental ADL, age, visual disturbance, and sex showed statistical significance in the logistic regression model. In the multiple stepwise regression, the variables which had significant relationship to depression score were education level, frequencies of going out house, current job and house work activity, regular physical exercise, instrumental ADL, self-rated health and nutritional status, dimness, visual disturbance, and chest pain. In conclusion, main characteristics which had close relationship to the cognitive function and depression symptoms in the studied subjects were physical function and self rated health status.