• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1181-1189
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• 2022

Clouds are composed of tiny water droplets, ice crystals, or mixtures suspended in the atmosphere and cover about two-thirds of the Earth's surface. Cloud detection in satellite images is a very difficult task to separate clouds and non-cloud areas because of similar reflectance characteristics to some other ground objects or the ground surface. In contrast to thick clouds, which have distinct characteristics, thin transparent clouds have weak contrast between clouds and background in satellite images and appear mixed with the ground surface. In order to overcome the limitations of transparent clouds in cloud detection, this study conducted cloud detection focusing on transparent clouds using machine learning techniques (Random Forest [RF], Convolutional Neural Networks [CNN]). As reference data, Cloud Mask and Cirrus Mask were used in MOD35 data provided by MOderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the pixel ratio of training data was configured to be about 1:1:1 for clouds, transparent clouds, and clear sky for model training considering transparent cloud pixels. As a result of the qualitative comparison of the study, bothRF and CNN successfully detected various types of clouds, including transparent clouds, and in the case of RF+CNN, which mixed the results of the RF model and the CNN model, the cloud detection was well performed, and was confirmed that the limitations of the model were improved. As a quantitative result of the study, the overall accuracy (OA) value of RF was 92%, CNN showed 94.11%, and RF+CNN showed 94.29% accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_2
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• pp.1553-1563
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• 2023

The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager-II (GOCI-II) is a satellite designed for ocean color observation, covering the Northeast Asian region and the entire disk of the Earth. It commenced operations in 2020, succeeding its predecessor, GOCI, which had been active for the previous decade. In this study, we aimed to enhance the atmospheric correction algorithm, a critical step in producing satellite-based ocean color data, by performing cross-calibration on the GOCI-II near-infrared (NIR) band using the GOCI NIR band. To achieve this, we conducted a cross-calibration study on the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance of the NIR band and derived a vicarious calibration gain for two NIR bands (745 and 865 nm). As a result of applying this gain, the offset of two sensors decreased and the ratio approached 1. It shows that consistency of two sensors was improved. Also, the Rayleigh-corrected reflectance at 745 nm and 865 nm increased by 5.62% and 9.52%, respectively. This alteration had implications for the ratio of Rayleigh-corrected reflectance at these wavelengths, potentially impacting the atmospheric correction results across all spectral bands, particularly during the aerosol reflectance correction process within the atmospheric correction algorithm. Due to the limited overlapping operational period of GOCI and GOCI-II satellites, we only used data from March 2021. Nevertheless, we anticipate further enhancements through ongoing cross-calibration research with other satellites in the future. Additionally, it is essential to apply the vicarious calibration gain derived for the NIR band in this study to perform vicarious calibration for the visible channels and assess its impact on the accuracy of the ocean color products.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.134-146
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• 2023

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is a major soybean disease caused by an oomycete, Phytophthora sojae. PRR can be severe in poorly drained fields or wet soils. The disease management primarily relies on resistance genes called Rps (resistance to P. sojae). This study aimed to identify resistance loci associated with resistance to P. sojae isolate 40468 in Daepung × CheonAl recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. CheonAl is resistant to the isolate, while Daepung is generally susceptible. We genotyped the parents and RIL population via high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and constructed a set of genetic maps. The presence or absence of resistance to P. sojae was evaluated via hypocotyl inoculation technique, and phenotypic distribution fit to a ratio of 1:1 (R:S) (χ² = 0.57, p = 0.75), indicating single gene mediated inheritance. Single-marker association and the linkage analysis identified a highly significant genomic region of 55.9~56.4 megabase pairs on chromosome 18 that explained ~98% of phenotypic variance. Many previous studies have reported several Rps genes in this region, and also it contains nine genes that are annotated to code leucine-rich repeat or serine/threonine kinase within the approximate 500 kilobase pairs interval based on the reference genome database. CheonAl is the first domestic soybean genotype characterized for resistance against P. sojae isolate 40468. Therefore, CheonAl could be a valuable genetic source for breeding resistance to P. sojae.

• Journal of Public Diplomacy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aims to discover how the spread of K-POP and the diversification of the Korean Wave affects Korea's national reputation. K-POP stars are diversifying their interactions with fandom by creating an online space to consume various products and services related to their stars and engage in fan activities. Because of this, this study aims to examine the relevance of K-POP to national reputation through a parasocial relationship with K-POP stars by fandom forming a community and utilizing media. Methods: An online survey was conducted in English using the Amazon survey company Mechanical Turk for BTS fans living in the United States. A total of 195 people's data, excluding incomplete responses, were used for the analysis. Results: It was found that BTS fans' social media participation activities themselves did not directly affect Korea's national reputation. But the mediating effect of BTS fans' parasocial relationship was found. That is, BTS fans' social media participation activities had a positive effect on their parasocial relationships with BTS which in turn had a positive effect on their national reputation. Conlusions: The use and participation of BTS fans in social media in Korea's national reputation has no significant effect on itself, but it has been found that it affects the national reputation through forming parasocial relationships. From the study results, the parasocial relationship of K-POP fans can be used as a strategic mechanism to enhance the national image and Korea's national reputation.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.145-162
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• 2023

Asset management is a complex and difficult field that requires insight into numerous variables and even human psychology. Thus, it has traditionally been the domain of professionals, and these services have been expensive to obtain. Changes are taking place in these markets, and the driving force is the digital revolution, so-called the fourth industrial revolution. Among them, the Robo-Advisor service using artificial intelligence technology is the highlight. The reason is that it is possible to popularize investment advisory services with convenient accessibility and low cost. This study aims to clarify what factors are critically important when selecting robo-advisors for service users and providers in Korea, and what perception differences exist in the selection factors between user and provider groups. The framework of the study was based on the marketing mix 4C model, and the design and analysis of the model used Delphi survey and AHP. Through the study design, 4 main criteria and 15 sub-criteria were derived, and the findings of the study are as follows. First, the importance of the four main criteria was in the order of customer needs > customer convenience > customer cost > customer communication for both groups. Second, looking at the 15 sub-criteria, it was found that investment purpose coverage, investment propensity coverage, fee level and accessibility factors were the most important. Third, when comparing between groups, the user group found that the fee level and accessibility factors were the most important, and the provider group recognized the investment purpose coverage and investment propensity coverage factors as important. This study derived useful implications in practice. First, when designing for the spread of the robo-advisor service, the basis for constructing a user-oriented system was prepared by considering the priority of importance according to the weight difference between the four main criteria and the 15 sub-criteria. In addition, the difference in priority of each sub-criteria shown in the group comparison and the cause of the sub-criteria with large weight differences were identified. In addition, it was suggested that it is very important to form a consensus to resolve the difference in perception of factors between those in charge of strategy and marketing and system development within the provider group. Academically, it is meaningful in that it is an early study that presented various perspectives and perspectives by deriving a number of robo-advisor selection factors. Through the findings of this study, it is expected that a successful user-oriented robo-advisor system can be built and spread in Korea to help users.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.78-95
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• 2024

For the establishment and comparison of environmental plans across various domains, considering climate change and urban issues, it is crucial to build spatial data at the regional scale classified with consistent criteria. This study mapping the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) of Changwon City, where active climate and environmental research is being conducted, using the protocol suggested by the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT). Additionally, to address the fragmentation issue where some grids are classified with different climate characteristics despite being in regions with homogeneous climate traits, a filtering technique was applied, and the LCZ classification characteristics were compared according to the filtering radius. Using satellite images, ground reference data, and the supervised classification machine learning technique Random Forest, classification maps without filtering and with filtering radii of 1, 2, and 3 were produced, and their accuracies were compared. Furthermore, to compare the LCZ classification characteristics according to building types in urban areas, an urban form index used in GIS-based classification methodology was created and compared with the ranges suggested in previous studies. As a result, the overall accuracy was highest when the filtering radius was 1. When comparing the urban form index, the differences between LCZ types were minimal, and most satisfied the ranges of previous studies. However, the study identified a limitation in reflecting the height information of buildings, and it is believed that adding data to complement this would yield results with higher accuracy. The findings of this study can be used as reference material for creating fundamental spatial data for environmental research related to urban climates in South Korea.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.99-123
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• 2019

The software industry is a high value-added industry in the knowledge information age, and its importance is growing as it not only plays a key role in knowledge creation and utilization, but also secures global competitiveness. Among various SW available in today's business environment, Open Source Software(OSS) is rapidly expanding its activity area by not only leading software development, but also integrating with new information technology. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to empirically examine and analyze the effect of factors on the switching behavior to OSS. To accomplish the study's purpose, we suggest the research model based on "Push-Pull-Mooring" framework. This study empirically examines the two categories of antecedents for switching behavior toward OSS. The survey was conducted to employees at various firms that already switched OSS. A total of 268 responses were collected and analyzed by using the structural equational modeling. The results of this study are as follows; first, continuous maintenance cost, vender dependency, functional indifference, and SW resource inefficiency are significantly related to switch to OSS. Second, network-oriented support, testability and strategic flexibility are significantly related to switch to OSS. Finally, the results show that willingness to secures SW competitiveness has a moderating effect on the relationships between push factors and pull factor with exception of improved knowledge, and switch to OSS. The results of this study will contribute to fields related to OSS both theoretically and practically.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.172-176
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• 2010

Purpose: The patients' moves occurred at PET/CT scan will cause the decline of correctness in results by resulting in inconsistency of Attenuation Correction (AC) and effecting on quantitative evaluation. This study has evaluated the utility of reconstruction method using AC position changing method when having inconsistency of AC depending on the position change of emission scan after transmission scan in obtaining PET/CT 3D image. Materials and Methods: We created 1 mL syringe injection space up to ${\pm}2$, 6, 10 cm toward x and y axis based on central point of polystyrene ($20{\times}20110$ cm) into GE Discovery STE16 equipment. After projection of syringe with $^{18}F$-FDG 5 kBq/mL, made an emission by changing the position and obtained the image by using AC depending on the position change. Reconstruction method is an iteration reconstruction method and is applied two times of iteration and 20 of subset, and for every emission data, decay correction depending on time pass is applied. Also, after setting ROI to the position of syringe, compared %Difference (%D) at each position to radioactivity concentrations (kBq/mL) and central point. Results: Radioactivity concentrations of central point of emission scan is 2.30 kBq/mL and is indicated as 1.95, 1.82 and 1.75 kBq/mL, relatively for +x axis, as 2.07, 1.75 and 1.65 kBq/mL for -x axis, as 2.07, 1.87 and 1.90 kBq/mL for +y axis and as 2.17, 1.85 and 1.67 kBq/mL for -y axis. Also, %D is yield as 15, 20, 23% for +x axis, as 9, 23, 28% for -x axis, as 12, 21, 20% for +y axis and as 8, 22, 29% for -y axis. When using AC position changing method, it is indicated as 2.00, 1.95 and 1.80 kBq/mL, relatively for +x axis, as 2.25, 2.15 and 1.90 kBq/mL for -x axis, as 2.07, 1.90 and 1.90 kBq/mL for +y axis, and as 2.10, 2.02, and 1.72 kBq/mL for -y axis. Also, %D is yield as 13, 15, 21% for +x axis, as 2, 6, 17% for -x axis, as 9, 17, 17% for +y axis, and as 8, 12, 25% for -y axis. Conclusion: When in inconsistency of AC, radioactivity concentrations for using AC position changing method increased average of 0.14, 0.03 kBq/mL at x, y axis and %D was improved 6.1, 4.2%. Also, it is indicated that the more far from the central point and the further position from the central point under the features that spatial resolution is lowered, the higher in lowering of radioactivity concentrations. However, since in actual clinic, attenuation degree increases more, it is considered that when in inconsistency, such tolerance will be increased. Therefore, at the lesion of the part where AC is not inconsistent, the tolerance of radioactivity concentrations will be reduced by applying AC position changing method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-38
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• 2002

This study examines the status quo of Korean archives and records management from the Governmental as well as professional activities for the development of the field in relation to the new legislation on records management. Among many concerns, this study primarily explores the following four perspectives: 1) the Government Archives and Records Services; 2) the Korean Association of Archives; 3) the Korean Society of Archives and Records Management; 4) the Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management. One of the primary tasks of the is to build the special depository within which the Presidential Library should be located. As a result, the position of the GARS can be elevated and directed by an official at the level of vice-minister right under a president as a governmental representative of managing the public records. In this manner, GARS can sustain its independency and take custody of public records across government agencies. made efforts in regard to the preservation of paper records, the preservation of digital resources in new media formats, facilities and equipments, education of archivists and continuing, training of practitioners, and policy-making of records preservation. For further development, academia and corporate should cooperate continuously to face with the current problems. has held three international conferences to date. The topics of conferences include respectively: 1) records management and archival education of Korea, Japan, and China; 2) knowledge management and metadata for the fulfillment of archives and information science; and 3) electronic records management and preservation with the understanding of ongoing archival research in the States, Europe, and Asia. The Society continues to play a leading role in both of theory and practice for the development of archival science in Korea. It should also suggest an educational model of archival curricula that fits into the Korean context. The Journals of Records Management & Archives Society of Korea have been published on the six major topics to date. Findings suggest that "Special Archives" on regional or topical collections are desirable because it can house subject holdings on specialty or particular figures in that region. In addition, archival education at the undergraduate level is more desirable for Korean situations where practitioners are strongly needed and professionals with master degrees go to manager positions. Departments of Library and Information Science in universities, therefore, are needed to open archival science major or track at the undergraduate level in order to meet current market demands. The qualification of professional archivists should be moderate as well.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2019

Purpose $^{18}F$-FDOPA using amino acid is particularly attractive for imaging of brain tumors because of the high uptake in tumor tissue and the low uptake in normal brain tissue. But, on the other hand, $^{18}F$-FDG is highly uptake in both tumor tissue and normal brain tissue. The purpose of study is to evaluate comparison of contrasts in $^{18}F$-FDOPA Brain PET/CT and $^{18}F$-FDG Brain PET/CT and to find out optimal scan time by analysis of variation in SUV with the passage of uptake time. Materials and Methods A region of interest of approximately $350mm^2$ at the center of the tumor and cerebellum in 12 patients ($51.4{\pm}12.8yrs$) who $^{18}F$-FDG Brain PET/CT and $^{18}F$-FDOPA Brain PET/CT were examined more than once each. The $SUV_{max}$ was measured, and the $SUV_{max}$ ratio (T/C ratio) of the tumor cerebellum was calculated. In the analysis of SUV, T/C ratio was calculated for each frame after dividing into 15 frames of 2 minutes each using List mode data in 25 patients ($49.{\pm}10.3yrs$). SPSS 21 was used to compare T/C ratio of $^{18}F$-FDOPA and T/C ratio of $^{18}F$-FDG. Results The T/C ratio of $^{18}F$-FDOPA Brain PET/CT was higher than the T/C ratio of $^{18}F$-FDG Brain, and show a significant difference according to a paired t-test(t=-5.214, p=0.000). As a result of analyzing changes in $SUV_{max}$ and T/C ratio, the peak point of $SUV_{max}$ was $5.6{\pm}2.9$ and appeared in the fourth frame (6 to 8 minutes), and the peak of T/C ratio also appeared in the fourth frame (6 to 8 minutes). Taking this into consideration and comparing the existing 10 to 30 minutes image and 6 to 26 minutes image, the $SUV_{max}$ and T/C ratio increased by 0.2 and 0.1 each, compared to the 10 to 30 minutes image for 6 to 26 minutes image. Conclusion From this study, $^{18}F$-FDOPA Brain PET/CT is effective when reading the image, because the T/C ratio of $^{18}F$-FDOPA Brain PET/CT was higher than T/C ratio of $^{18}F$-FDG Brain PET/CT. In addition, in the case of $^{18}F$-FDOPA Brain PET/CT, there was no difference between the existing 10 to 30 minutes image and 6 to 26 minutes image. Through continuous research, we can find possibility of shortening examination time in $^{18}F$-FDOPA Brain PET/CT. Also, we can help physician to accurate reading using additional scan data.